1. 8/20/12 The Southern Colonies [ushistory.org]
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5. The Southern Colonies
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Monticello
Follow Thomas
Jefferson through a Cite This Page Share Your Thoughts
day. You will gain a
sense of the
extraordinary range of
his talents, his insatiable
5. The Southern Colonies
thirst for knowledge, his
watchful use of time, Virginia was the first successful southern SC Plantation
and the larger
colony. While Puritan zeal was fueling New
Museum
community that lived Drayton Hall is living
and worked at England's mercantile development, and Penn's history in South
Monticello.
Quaker experiment was turning the middle Carolina - visit today!
Report broken link draytonhall.org
colonies into America's bread basket, the South
was turning to cash crops. Geography and Ancestry.com
motive rendered the development of these Family Tree
colonies distinct from those that lay to the Free family tree.
World's largest online
North.
Map of DeSoto's 1539-43 family history
exploration through the resource.
Southeast Immediately to Virginia's north was MARYLAND. www.ancestry.com
Begun as a Catholic experiment, the colony's
Search For Your
economy would soon come to mirror that of
Ancestors
Virginia, as tobacco became the most important crop. To the south lay the Search your
Carolinas, created after the English Civil War had been concluded. In the Deep Ancestors' Records.
Get Access to Over
South was GEORGIA, the last of the original thirteen colonies. Challenges from
1.5 Billion Records!
Spain and France led the king to desire a buffer zone between the cash crops of www.Archives.com
the Carolinas and foreign enemies. Georgia, a colony of debtors, would fulfill Study of Law
that need. Earn a legal studies
degree online.
English American Southerners Respected.
Affordable.
would not enjoy the generally good
Accredited.
health of their New England www.APUS.edu/LegalStudies
counterparts. Outbreaks of malaria
Become a Social
and YELLOW FEVER kept life
Worker
expectancies lower. Since the With an Online
northern colonies attracted Master's from USC.
No Relocating
religious dissenters, they tended to
Required. Learn More!
migrate in families. Such family msw.USC.edu/Virtual-Acad…
connections were less prevalent in
the South.
The economy of growing CASH
CROPS would require a labor force
that would be unknown north of
Maryland. Slaves and indentured
servants, although present in the
North, were much more important
The Southern colonies included Maryland,
to the South. They were the
Virginia, North and South Carolina, and
Georgia. backbone of the Southern
economy.
Settlers in the Southern colonies came to America to seek economic prosperity
they could not find in Old England. The English countryside provided a grand
existence of stately manors and high living. But rural England was full, and by
law those great estates could only be passed on to the eldest son. America
provided more space to realize a lifestyle the new arrivals could never dream to
achieve in their native land.
www.ushistory.org/us/5.asp 1/2
2. 8/20/12 Maryland — The Catholic Experiment [ushistory.org]
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a. Maryland — The Catholic Experiment
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Historic Saint Mary's
City
Visit Maryland's first Cite This Page Share Your Thoughts
capital: Historic St.
Mary's City is an
exciting mix of colorful
living history and
5a. Maryland — The Catholic Experiment
fascinating archaeology, Antioch
all set in a beautiful New England was not the only destination Community
Tidewater landscape.
Lord Baltimore's 17th sought by those fleeing religious Church
century capital stands persecution. In 1632, CECELIUS CALVERT, A Church For
ready to be Families, Young
known as LORD BALTIMORE, was granted
rediscovered. Exhibits Adults & College
at the outdoor museum possession of all land lying between the Students-Come As
include the square-
POTOMAC RIVER and the CHESAPEAKE BAY. You Are!
rigged ship, the
Maryland Dove, Godiah Immigration Ship
Lord Baltimore saw this as an opportunity
Spray's fine tobacco Records
plantation, the to grant religious freedom to the Catholics Passengers leaving
reconstructed State who remained in Anglican England. from UK and IE. Find
House of 1676, a
Although outright violence was more a part Your Ancestors Today.
Woodland Indian hamlet,
FindMyPast.com/Passenger-…
and much more. With
of the 1500s than the 1600s, Catholics
miles of walking trails
and scenic river views, were still a persecuted minority in the Religious
Historic St. Mary's City
seventeenth century. For example, Fundraising
is indeed a special place
Sell 8 Colors of Live
where "Time & Tide Catholics were not even permitted to be
Meet." Poinsettias! Sell This
legally married by a Catholic priest. Fall, Deliver in
Report broken link
Baltimore thought that his New World December
James Barry, 1793 www.livingcolorfundraiser.c…
possession could serve as a refuge. At the
In this engraving, Cecil Calvert
same time, he hoped to turn a financial New Homes in
Maryland Toleration presents his 1649 Act Concerning
Act Religion to the ancient Spartan profit from the venture. Maryland
The Toleration Act was lawgiver, Lycurgus, while Maryland's Premier
a fairly progressive libertarians throughout history, New Home Builder
Maryland, named after England's Catholic
document written in including Ben Franklin and William Including Marlboro,
1649 allowing a broad Penn, look on. queen HENRIETTA MARIA, was first settled Bowie & Clinton
latitude in religious www.carusohomes.com/
in 1634. Unlike the religious experiments
toleration, particularly as
it applied to Catholics. to the North, economic opportunity was the draw for many Maryland colonists. Sports Coaching
Read the text of the
Doctrine at this site. Consequently, most immigrants did not cross the Atlantic in family units but as Program
Pursue a sports
individuals. The first inhabitants were a mixture of country gentlemen (mostly
Report broken link coaching opportunity
Catholic) and workers and artisans (mostly Protestant). This mixture would with a degree from
surely doom the Catholic experiment. Invariably, there are more poor than AMU.
www.AMUOnline.com/Sport…
Maryland's House of aristocrats in any given society, and the Catholics soon found themselves in
Delegates
From the Maryland
the minority.
State Archives, read
about the early years of The geography of Maryland, like that of her Southern neighbor Virigina, was
Maryland's Lower
House of Delegates and
conducive to growing tobacco. The desire to make profits from tobacco soon led
its struggles with the to the need for low-cost labor. As a result, the number of indentured servants
Upper House whose
members were greatly expanded and the social structure of Maryland reflected this change.
appointed by Lord But the influx in immigration was not reflected in larger population growth
Baltimore.
because, faced with frequent battles with malaria and typhoid, life expectancy
Report broken link
in Maryland was about 10 years less than in New England.
Fearful that the Protestant masses might restrict Catholic liberties, the HOUSE
Early Immigration to
OF DELEGATES passed the MARYLAND ACT OF TOLERATION in 1649. This act
Maryland in the
Colonial Era granted religious freedom to all Christians. Like Roger Williams in Rhode Island
Lord Baltimore hoped
that the colony he
and William Penn in Pennsylvania, Maryland thus experimented with laws
settled would be called protecting religious liberty. Unfortunately, Protestants swept the Catholics out
Crescentia, but the king
wanted to name the new of the legislature within a decade, and religious strife ensued. Still, the Act of
colony after his wife and Toleration is an important part of the colonial legacy of religious freedom that
the colony was
christened Maryland. will culminate in the First Amendment in the American Bill of Rights.
Report broken link
www.ushistory.org/us/5a.asp 1/2
3. 8/20/12 Indentured Servants [ushistory.org]
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b. Indentured Servants
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Observations on the
slaves and the
indented servants, Cite This Page Share Your Thoughts
inlisted in the army,
and in the navy of the
United States
A reprint of an article
5b. Indentured Servants
which appeared in DishLATINO®
Philadelphia in 1777. The growth of tobacco, rice, and
The author cannot
History
understand why two indigo and the plantation economy Tune into History Now
groups of people who created a tremendous need for on Dish! Call & Switch
were enslaved by —DishLatino
labor in Southern English America.
Americans — $22.99/Mo.
indentured servants and Without the aid of modern DishLatinoPromociones.com…
slaves — would enlist to
serve in the American machinery, human sweat and HP® Ink
army and navy. blood was necessary for the Cartridges
Report broken link planting, cultivation, and High Quality Original
HP® Ink. Official
harvesting of these cash crops.
HP.com Site - Shop
While slaves existed in the English Now!
Apprentices of William Hogarth, 1747 HP.com/InkCartridges
Indentures;; Delaware colonies throughout the 1600s,
This picture, Industry and Idleness, shows
County, New York indentured servitude was the
2 apprentices starting in identical
Ancestry.com
It's hard to believe, but
the practice of method of choice employed by circumstances, one is the industrious Family Tree
indentured servitude in Francis Goodchild and the other is the Free family tree.
many planters before the 1680s.
American did not end in unsuccessful Thomas Idlefrom. World's largest online
the United States until This system provided incentives for family history
the early 1900s. This both the master and servant to resource.
site lists the contract www.ancestry.com
terms between Masters increase the working population of the Chesapeake colonies.
and Servants in one Sports Coaching
New York County. Virginia and Maryland operated under what was known as the " HEADRIGHT Program
Report broken link SYSTEM." The leaders of each colony knew that labor was essential for Pursue a sports
coaching opportunity
economic survival, so they provided incentives for planters to import workers.
with a degree from
For each laborer brought across the Atlantic, the master was rewarded with 50 AMU.
Differential www.AMUOnline.com/Sport…
Tolerances and acres of land. This system was used by wealthy plantation aristocrats to
Accepted increase their land holdings dramatically. In addition, of course, they received
Punishments for The Prayer at
Indentured Servants the services of the workers for the duration of the indenture. ValleyForge
A page as serious as its Direct frm publisher
title. Written by a This system seemed to benefit the servant as well. Each INDENTURED SERVANT
student at Lafayette
Arnold Friberg Framed
College, the site would have their fare across the Atlantic paid in full by their master. A contract Prints - Free Shipping
explores what www.fribergfineart.com
was written that stipulated the length of service — typically five years. The
happened when crimes
were committed by servant would be supplied room and board while working in the master's fields.
either owners of
Upon completion of the contract, the servant would receive "freedom dues," a
servants or the
servants themselves. pre-arranged termination bonus. This might include land, money, a gun,
For you AP types that
come here, you'll get
clothes or food. On the surface it seemed like a terrific way for the luckless
some real insight into English poor to make their way to prosperity in a new land. Beneath the
the lives of indentured
servants, and more surface, this was not often the case.
particularly the "different
punishments of Only about 40 percent of indentured servants lived to complete the terms of
servants and their
masters in colonial their contracts. Female servants were often the subject of harassment from
courts by examining their masters. A woman who became pregnant while a servant often had years
various court cases
from 18th-century tacked on to the end of her service time. Early in the century, some servants
Pennsylvania and were able to gain their own land as free men. But by 1660, much of the best
Maryland courts." No
pictures but plenty of land was claimed by the large land owners. The former servants were pushed
statistical data. This is westward, where the mountainous land was less arable and the threat from
what awaits any of you
folks thinking of Indians constant. A class of angry, impoverished pioneer farmers began to
majoring in history. emerge as the 1600s grew old. After BACON'S REBELLION in 1676, planters
Report broken link began to prefer permanent African slavery to the headright system that had
previously enabled them to prosper.
Gottlieb Mittelberger:
On the Misfortune of
www.ushistory.org/us/5b.asp 1/3
4. 8/20/12 Creating the Carolinas [ushistory.org]
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c. Creating the Carolinas
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Brief History of South
Carolina
A very brief history of Cite This Page Share Your Thoughts
the state, brought to you
by the state. Use only in
the case of an
emergency. Not much
5c. Creating the Carolinas
here.
While wayward English migrants worked to build Charleston
Report broken link
the new American colonies, mother England
Dream Homes
Own Downtown
experienced the greatest turmoil in her history Luxury For Less From
The Lords Proprietors in the middle of the 1600s. The Stuart King, Just $120,600
of Carolina www.residencesonking.com/
Charles I, was beheaded as the result of a civil
Carolina's royal charter
was granted by Charles war in 1649. A dictatorship led by OLIVER
II to 8 of his generals U.S. Lawyers
CROMWELL ruled England until 1660. This
who had supported him Listings
against Cromwell. This represented the only break in the hereditary Find a Lawyer in your
overview webpage from
the Charleston County line dating from 1066 until the present day. Area locate the best
Library offers inline links Cromwell was a brutal leader, so the return of Lawyer in your Area
to brief biographies of www.USLawyersListing.com
the Lord Proprietors. the English monarchy was well received by the
Illustrated. public.
Charles II returned to the SC Plantation
Report broken link
British throne in 1660, after
This disruption caused a temporary distraction
Museum
the brutal dictatorship of Drayton Hall is living
Cromwell. It was under his from colonizing the New World. When Charles II history in South
Charter of Carolina — rule that the Carolinas were assumed the throne, it was business as usual. Carolina - visit today!
March 24, 1663 founded. draytonhall.org
The colonies that were created under his rule
In the beginning was a
charter. The Carolina were known as RESTORATION COLONIES. It was Carolina Beach,
Charter was granted to
Edward Earl of in this environment that the Carolinas were created. NC
Clarendon, George Outdoor concerts,
Duke of Albemarle, The southern part of Carolina served first as support for the British West Indies. seaside boardwalk,
William Lord Craven,
Soon the slave economy of the sugar islands reached the shores of Carolina. amusements and
John Lord Berkley, more.
Anthony Lord Ashley, The cultivation of rice in the plantation system quickly became profitable, and WilmingtonandBeaches.com
Sir George Carteret, Sir
William Berkley, and Sir planters in the hundreds and slaves in the tens of thousands soon inhabited
John Colleton, and their Carolina. At the heart of the colony was the merchant port of Charles Town, Taste Carolina
heirs, by Charles II. North Carolina's
They were granted later to be known as CHARLESTON. African slaves became a majority of the
Tastiest Tour! Food
domain over " the population before the middle of the eighteenth century. South Carolina even Tours in the Triangle
fishing of all sorts of
fish, whales, sturgeons experimented with Indian slavery, enslaving those captured in the aftermath of & Triad.
and all other royal fishes www.tastecarolina.net
battle.
in the sea, bays, islets
and rivers within the
premises, and the fish Such was not the case for the northern reaches of the Carolina colony. The
therein taken;; and earliest inhabitants of this region were displaced former indentured servants
moreover all veins,
mines, quarries, as well from the Chesapeake. Most established small tobacco farms. Slavery existed
discovered as not
here, but in far smaller numbers than in the neighboring regions. The
discovered, of gold,
silver, gems, precious inhabitants felt as though the aristocrats from Virginia and the Charles Town
stones, and all other
area looked down their noses on them. Northern Carolina, like Rhode Island in
whatsoever, be it of
stones, metals..." Not a the North, drew the region's discontented masses.
bad deal at all.
Report broken link As the two locales evolved separately and as their differing geographies and
inhabitants steered contrasting courses, calls for a formal split emerged. In
1712, NORTH CAROLINA and SOUTH CAROLINA became distinct colonies. Each
Historical Highlights prospered in its own right after this peaceful divorce took effect.
of North Carolina
From the state library of
North Carolina, a very
useful history of Colonial
North Carolina covering
the years 1663-1729.
No pictures, just lots of
good hard facts.
Report broken link
www.ushistory.org/us/5c.asp 1/2
5. 8/20/12 Debtors in Georgia [ushistory.org]
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d. Debtors in Georgia
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Charter of Georgia:
1732
The rice- and tobacco- Cite This Page Share Your Thoughts
selling colonists of the
Carolinas came under
attack from the Indians
and Spanish to the
5d. Debtors in Georgia
south. The British Jamestown
solution? Export a whole The development of Georgia was
bunch of debtors to
Gardens
settle a buffer zone and unlike all the other British colonies. Beauty & Adventure
call it Georgia! Read all First of all, it was the last to be Await in VA's Historic
about it and much more Gardens. Packages at
created. Georgia was founded in
in Georgia's charter. $199!
Report broken link
1733, 126 years after Jamestown HistoryIsFun.org/Historical-…
was successfully planted. England Albany State
and Europe as a whole were in the University
Images of Oglethorpe midst of an intellectual revolution 2012 Tuition, Course
Here's a great site for & Admission Info
known as the ENLIGHTENMENT.
research. Not only will About Albany State
you find dozens of Enlightened thinkers championed University!
pictures of James www.CampusExplorer.com/…
Oglethorpe and related the causes of liberty and progress. The city of Savannah, once a part of
to the settlement of Many believed in the innate Oglethorpe's utopian design, makes its Midtown Atlanta
Georgia, there are also beginnings in 1734.
an essay on the goodness of human beings. They Hotel
colony's founder and a Boutique Hotel near
asserted that even the worst
timeline of events. All Woodruff Center walk
from Armstrong Atlantic elements of society might prosper if given the right set of circumstances. to the High Museum
State University. and the ASO
Report broken link JAMES OGLETHORPE was such a thinker. He and a group of charitable investors www.artmorehotel.com
asked KING GEORGE for permission to create a utopian experiment for English
Savannah Taxi
citizens imprisoned for debt. England's prison population could be decreased,
Cab Service
James Oglethorpe and thousands of individuals could be given a new chance at life. With these Clean, reliable local
Tercentenary Home
Page lofty goals, Georgia was created. and airport service
A comprehensive site 912-341-5397
from the University of King George was not terribly concerned with the plight of the English debtor. www.savannahtaxicabservic…
Georgia celebrating the
tercentenary of James His advisers pointed out that such a colony in Georgia might provide defense
Oglethorpe's birth. This for the South Carolina rice plantations from Spanish Florida. He gave his assent Reenactment
celebration was officially
to a charter and Oglethorpe acted.
Stock Footage
decreed by the Georgia New, quality historical
State Legislature. The
page is broken down
footage All periods of
into several chapters history to your door
including "English roots www.reenactmentstockfoot…
of James Oglethorpe"
and "Visit to Savannah"
which was a city settled "...And this would turn out very well indeed in that
by Oglethorpe. Lots of it would encourage very many good families of
pictures to be found
throughout the site too! average means to go to settle there as well as some
Report broken link very good workmen as carpenters, masons, tile
makers, blacksmiths, farriers, locksmiths,
wheelwrights, coopers, vine growers, shepherds,
Oglethorpe and the laborers, and others who would be most useful
Georgia Indians there. Instead of this, the greatest part of those
The gallery on this who have already gone there are nothing but
website contains 48
images related to native miserable ones both as to their manners and as to
Americans in Georgia their fortunes..."
from the contact period
up to the early 1900s. – James Edward Oglethorpe, Original Papers, Feb.
But don't miss the
essay on Oglethorpe
11, 1737
relations with the native
Americans, with special
reference to
Tomochichi, a Creek
leader.
Report broken link Here, the settlers would have to conform to Oglethorpe's plan, in which there
was no elected assembly. Three major laws governed the colony. The first dealt
with the distribution of land. The second and third reflected Enlightened ideals.
The Fortresses of
www.ushistory.org/us/5d.asp 1/2
6. 8/20/12 Life in the Plantation South [ushistory.org]
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e. Life in the Plantation South
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A Day in the Life of
Thomas Jefferson's
Monticello Cite This Page Share Your Thoughts
From the folks at
Monticello a fascinating
slice of plantation life.
Thomas Jefferson was
5e. Life in the Plantation South
a very reluctant
politician and couldn't PLANTATION life created a society with clear SC Plantation
wait to retire to his
class divisions. A lucky few were at the top,
Museum
plantation. But with all Drayton Hall is living
the work to be done, it's with land holdings as far as the eyes could history in South
a wonder he didn't want
to stay in the White see. Most Southerners did not experience Carolina - visit today!
draytonhall.org
House. Start at sunrise this degree of wealth. The contrast
and spend a day with
farmer Jefferson. between rich and poor was greater in the Quail Hunting
Report broken link South than in the other English colonies, Plantation
because of the labor system necessary for Award Winning
Plantation Hunting
its survival. Most Southerners were
Quail hunting at its
Gunston Hall YEOMAN farmers, indentured servants, or finest
Gunston Hall was home Slave Cabin at Sotterley
slaves. The plantation system also created www.riopiedraplantation.com
to influential Virginian Plantation, Maryland, is one of the
George Mason who only remaining freely accessible changes for women and family structures
was a big influence on examples of its kind in the state. HTML5 Sencha
Jefferson. These folks as well. Flex Devs
say they're ready to HTML5/Flex/AIR
help you with you The TIDEWATER ARISTOCRATS were the fortunate few who lived in stately Dashboards We have
school project. I quote.
"Working on a school plantation manors with hundreds of servants and slaves at their beck and call. your solution!
project? Writing a www.webappsolution.com
Most plantation owners took an active part in the operations of the business.
paper? Or maybe you
are simply interested in Surely they found time for leisurely activities like hunting, but on a daily basis Masters Degree
more information about
George Mason or
they worked as well. The distance from one plantation to the next proved to be In History
Gunston Hall. Please isolating, with consequences even for the richest class. Unlike New England, Get Your Graduate
call, write, or e-mail us Degree Online From
who required public schooling by law, the difficulties of travel and the distances
to discuss your needs. Accredited Schools.
We carry books about between prospective students impeded the growth of such schools in the Aid Avail.
George Mason and USADegreePrograms.com
South. Private tutors were hired by the wealthiest families. The boys studied in
Gunston Hall, copies of
the Virginia Declaration the fall and winter to allow time for work in the fields during the planting times. Mixpanel Mobile
of Rights, postcards,
and much more. Let us The girls studied in the summer to allow time for weaving during the colder Analytics
Learn how your
help you with your months. Few cities developed in the South. Consequently, there was little room
project!" They have a application is used.
comprehensive for a merchant middle class. URBAN PROFESSIONALS such as lawyers were rare The most advanced
bibliography of sources in the South. Artisans often worked right on the plantation as slaves or analytics ever.
on George Mason, www.mixpanel.com
Gunston Hall, and other servants.
18th-century topics.
Report broken link
The roles of women were dramatically changed by the plantation society. First
of all, since most indentured servants were male, there were far fewer women
in the colonial South. In the Chesapeake during the 1600s, men entered the
Historic St. Mary's colony at a rate of seven to one. From one perspective, this increased women's
City — 1634-1695
Historic St. Mary's City power. They were highly sought after by the overwhelming number of eager
has a working farm as men. The high death rate in the region resulted in a typical marriage being
part of the museum's
attractions. The Spray dissolved by death within seven years. Consequently there was a good deal of
family's recreated remarriage, and a complex web of half-brothers and half-sisters evolved.
1660s tobacco
plantation, tucked away Women needed to administer the property in the absence of the male.
on the banks of St. Consequently many developed managerial skills. However, being a minority had
Andrew's Creek,
contains the main its downside. Like in New England, women were completely excluded from the
house, tenant house, political process. Female slaves and indentured servants were often the victims
and tobacco houses
(barns), as well as the of aggressive male masters.
crops, gardens,
orchards, livestock, and
fencing that a
successful planter
would have owned. The
Spray family and their
indentured servants
interpret the everyday
life of early Tidewater
www.ushistory.org/us/5e.asp 1/2