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Locating Legal Information on the Internet
By Meg Martin, Wyoming State Law Library


Goals _________________________________________________________________ 2
Overview of the United States Legal System __________________________________ 2
  Familiarizing Yourself with Legal Abbreviations _____________________________________________2
  Overview of the United States Government________________________________________________2
  Types of Legal Authority ______________________________________________________________2
    Primary Authority __________________________________________________________________2
      Constitutions ____________________________________________________________________2
      Statutes ________________________________________________________________________2
      Court Rules _____________________________________________________________________3
         Wyoming Court Rules ___________________________________________________________3
      Cases __________________________________________________________________________4
         Overview of Court System________________________________________________________4
    Secondary Authority ________________________________________________________________5
    Mandatory and Persuasive Authority ___________________________________________________5
Typical Legal Information Requests in Public Libraries___________________________ 5
  What/When to Refer a Question To a Law Library and/or Attorney _____________________________6
   What a Librarian CAN Do ____________________________________________________________6
   What a Librarian CANNOT Do_________________________________________________________6
   Referrals _________________________________________________________________________7
     Rules and Regulations Interpretation _________________________________________________7
     Law Libraries (for additional resources, NOT legal advice) ________________________________7
     Legal Services (to find a lawyer)_____________________________________________________7
     Attorney Information______________________________________________________________7

Identifying and Retrieving Online Documents with a Citation _____________________ 7
  How to Read a Legal Citation___________________________________________________________7
  Where to Find Documents _____________________________________________________________7
    Statutes, Codes and Legislation _______________________________________________________7
    Courts and Case Law _______________________________________________________________8
    Agencies and Administrative Law ______________________________________________________8
    Municipal Ordinances _______________________________________________________________8
  Find a Document by Citation ___________________________________________________________8
Starting Point for Retrieving Legal Information ________________________________ 9
Interesting Legal Websites _______________________________________________ 10
Helpful Websites _______________________________________________________ 11
  Miscellaneous ______________________________________________________________________11
    Other Useful Sources ______________________________________________________________11
      Wyoming Law Library and Library Associations ________________________________________11
Forms and Print Materials ________________________________________________ 12
  Forms ____________________________________________________________________________12
    Court Forms and Legal Forms________________________________________________________12
  Print Materials______________________________________________________________________12
    Reference Materials _______________________________________________________________12
    History and Overviews of the Law ____________________________________________________12
    General – Self-help Materials ________________________________________________________12
       Nolo titles _____________________________________________________________________12
       Sphinx titles ____________________________________________________________________13
       Any of the “Nutshells” series from West______________________________________________13


                                                                                                                 Page 1 of 13
                                                                                                                    1/9/2008
  Adapted from document created by the Minnesota Association of Law Libraries http://www.aallnet.org/chapter/mall/handout.pdf
Locating Legal Information on the Internet
By Meg Martin, Wyoming State Law Library




Goals
    To familiarize you with legal system in general, online legal websites
    To provide guidance through some online legal websites.
    To discuss what you can and can’t do for patrons looking for legal help or information

Overview of the United States Legal System

Familiarizing Yourself with Legal Abbreviations
Cardiff Index to Legal Abbreviations http://www.legalabbrevs.cardiff.ac.uk

Overview of the United States Government
The United States was set up to have fourteen separate governments: the federal government, well as a
government for each state. The United States Constitution grants specific, enumerated powers to the
federal government, but any powers not granted to the federal government are reserved for the states
under the Tenth Amendment. While each state has its own government, the federal constitution is
considered to be the supreme law of the land, and therefore no state law can conflict with the U.S.
Constitution. U.S. Const. art. VI, sec. 1, cl. 2.

There are 3 branches of government for the federal government and each of the states. Each branch
creates its own type of law. The legislative branch creates statutes. The executive branch creates
regulations and the judicial branch creates case law.

Types of Legal Authority
When you do legal research, you are searching for authority to back up your position. Authority can be
primary or secondary. Primary authority is actual law. Examples of primary authority are constitutions,
cases, administrative regulations, statutes and court rules. Secondary authority is material that describes,
explains or helps you find the law.

Primary Authority
Constitutions
Constitutions set forth the functions and powers of a government, and guarantee rights to its citizens.
Constitutions may be written or unwritten, and they may be made up of a single document or several. In
the United States we have a written federal constitution that is generally considered to be the oldest in
the world. A copy of the U.S. Constitution can be found at the beginning of the federal statutes. It is also
reprinted in most state statutory compilations and in the back of Black’s Law Dictionary.

In addition, each state has its own constitution that defines the powers of the state. The state
constitutions tend to be longer and more detailed than our relatively short U.S. Constitution. No state law
or constitution can contradict the federal constitution. However, a state may convey more rights to its
citizens than the federal government does. You can find state constitutions in the state’s statutory
compilation. Note that constitutions exist on a city and county level as well. These are called charters.
Statutes
Statutes are legislative law. They exist on a state and federal level. The federal statutes are grouped in
50 Titles. Each title represents a broad subject area. For example, all of the statutes in Title 7 pertain to


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Locating Legal Information on the Internet
By Meg Martin, Wyoming State Law Library

Agriculture. Each Title is further broken down into sections. A typical citation to a federal statute appears
as: 7 U.S.C. § 401 (year). The 7 represents the Title and the 401 represents the section within that Title.
You can access the U.S. Code on the web at http://www.gpoaccess.gov/uscode/index.html

Wyoming statutes are grouped into 42 numerical titles with a separate Title, #99, for Water Projects.
Each title covers a different subject. Each title is broken into separate chapters and further into articles
as necessary. A typical citation for a Wyoming statute appears as: Wyo. Stat. Ann. § 30-1-101 (year). To
locate this statute you would go to the volume that contains Title 30 and look for your chapter. You can
access Wyoming Statutes on the web at http://legisweb.state.wy.us/titles/statutes.htm. To search the
Wyoming statutes, select Wyoming Statutes from the Home Page and then select “Search Options”
located in the upper left corner of the page.

Legislative law also exists at the city and county level. These are called ordinances. Most law libraries
and many large public libraries will collect local ordinances in print. Many Wyoming ordinances are
available on the internet at http://www.courts.state.wy.us/LawLibrary/wyoleg.aspx.
Court Rules
Court rules set forth the procedure of the courts. They cover details such as time limitations, formats for
pleadings, and who can be party to a case. They exist on a federal, state and sometimes local level.
Court rules are generally created by the highest court of the state, or on the federal level, by the U.S.
Supreme Court. However, they are generally subject to amendment by the legislature. In addition to the
general rules created by the highest court, each court is entitled to make its own rules, provided they do
not conflict with the general rules. These are called local or special rules. It is crucial that legal
researchers are aware of the rules, so they don’t miss important deadlines.
Wyoming Court Rules
In Wyoming, there are several sets of general rules. These include:

    Wyoming Rules of Civil Procedure - govern the procedure for civil cases in the district (trial) courts.
    Wyoming Rules of Criminal Procedure – govern the procedure for criminal cases in the district (trial)
    courts.
    Wyoming Rules of Evidence – govern proceedings in the courts of Wyoming.
    Wyoming Rules of Appellate Procedure – govern procedure in the Supreme Court and Court of
    Appeals in civil appeals.
    Uniform Rules for the District Courts of the State of Wyoming – govern procedure in the district
    courts of Wyoming.

You can locate Wyoming court rules in the print version of the Wyoming Statutes. In addition, you can
find the rules on the web at http://www.courts.state.wy.us/CourtRules.aspx.

Federal rules of court – As with the state, there are several sets of general rules for the federal court.
These include:

    Federal   Rules   of   Civil Procedure
    Federal   Rules   of   Criminal Procedure
    Federal   Rules   of   Evidence
    Federal   Rules   of   Appellate Procedure

In addition, there are separate local rules for the U.S. Supreme Court, each federal Court of Appeal, each
U.S. District Court, and each of the U.S. Bankruptcy Courts.




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   Adapted from document created by the Minnesota Association of Law Libraries http://www.aallnet.org/chapter/mall/handout.pdf
Locating Legal Information on the Internet
By Meg Martin, Wyoming State Law Library

Cases
Overview of Court System
Sometimes a case may involve state and federal issues. Where you bring a case depends on what court
has jurisdiction.

You can bring a case in federal court:

    if it arises under federal law
    if the case involves parties from 2 different states and the amount in controversy exceeds $75,000

Federal Court Structure
Trial courts (U.S. District Court – each state has at least 1)
Intermediate Appellate Court - Circuit Courts of Appeal – hear appeals from trial court
Court of last resort - U.S. Supreme Court

Otherwise, you bring the case in state court. State courts generally have the same structure as the
federal system.

In Wyoming:

    The District Court is a trial court of general jurisdiction. A district court exists in all 23 counties and is
    organized into 9 judicial districts. Felony criminal cases, large civil cases, and juvenile and probate
    matters are decided in the district court.
    The Circuit Courts are located in all 23 counties. The civil jurisdiction of the circuit courts covers
    cases in which the damages or recovery sought does not exceed $7,000. It hears all misdemeanor
    criminal cases and smaller civil cases.
    The Supreme Court is the highest level of court in the state. It hears appeals from decisions of the
    district courts and all decisions are published.
    In addition, municipal courts operate in all incorporated cities and towns and have jurisdiction over
    violations of municipal ordinances.

Wyoming Supreme Court decisions are available on the web including decisions from 1990 to present.
http://wyomcases.courts.state.wy.us/

    There is one federal district in Wyoming. It is called the United States District Court, District of
    Wyoming. This is a federal trial court. Cases are heard in Cheyenne and Casper.
    http://www.ck10.uscourts.gov/wyoming/district/htmlpages/courtinfo.html
    The 10th Circuit Court of Appeals includes Wyoming. (See circuit map at
    http://www.law.emory.edu/FEDCTS/.) Cases from the U.S. District Court in Wyoming are appealed
    to the 10th Circuit Court of Appeals. Some of these decisions are published, but most are not. Recent
    decisions of the federal courts of appeal can be found online at the courts’ websites. See
    http://www.uscourts.gov/ for links.
    The United States Supreme Court is the court of last resort. Cases from the federal circuit courts of
    appeal and state courts can be appealed to this court. Review is discretionary; the U.S. Supreme
    Court agrees to hear a very small percentage of the requests for appeal it receives. All U.S. Supreme
    Court cases are published. You can find these decisions online at
    http://www.findlaw.com/casecode/supreme.html.

See also the Court’s website at http://www.supremecourtus.gov/.




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   Adapted from document created by the Minnesota Association of Law Libraries http://www.aallnet.org/chapter/mall/handout.pdf
Locating Legal Information on the Internet
By Meg Martin, Wyoming State Law Library

Regulations
Administrative regulations (also called rules) are created by administrative agencies. Agencies are given
their rule making power by the legislature. Agencies are given this power because the legislature doesn’t
have the time or expertise to create all of the details needed to govern what the agencies do. Generally
the legislature will enact a law about a subject (such as water pollution). Then it will grant an agency
(such as the EPA) rule making power over that area. The agency can then fill in the details that the
statute does not include. Regulations exist on a state and federal level.

The Wyoming Secretary of State is the registrar of rules for state agencies. Rules are updated daily in the
Rules Database located on the web page. It can be accessed on the web at
http://soswy.state.wy.us/rules/rules.htm.

The Rules are grouped together by topic in the Weil’s Code of Wyoming Rules. This set is updated
monthly. Use the index volume at the end of the set to locate regulations on a particular topic.

Federal regulations are first published in the Federal Register. It is published every business day.
In addition to final regulations, it includes proposed regulations, presidential documents and notices. The
Federal Register (back to 1994) can be accessed online at http://www.gpoaccess.gov/fr/index.html

Federal regulations are codified (grouped by topic) in the Code of Federal Regulations. They can be
accessed online at http://www.gpoaccess.gov/cfr/index.html.

Secondary Authority
Secondary sources are materials written about the law. They may explain, describe or help you locate the
law. Secondary sources are the best place to start your legal research if you are unfamiliar with the topic
or issue. Examples of secondary sources are:

    Law dictionaries
    Legal encyclopedias
    Legal periodicals

You will not find much secondary authority on the free web. A few places where you can look for legal
periodical articles are:

    Law Reviews Online http://www.loc.gov/law/guide/lawreviews.html
    University Law Review Project http://www.lawreview.org/

Mandatory and Persuasive Authority
As you do legal research, you need to be aware of what type of legal authority a judge must follow and
what type of authority he/she can choose to follow. Primary authority is mandatory for a judge to follow
it comes from the same jurisdiction and it deals with the same or similar facts and legal issues. If there is
no authority from your jurisdiction that is “on point”, you can go outside of your jurisdiction. You can cite
to a case or statute from another state, but it can only be persuasive authority. The judge can choose to
follow it, but does not have to. Secondary authority can only be persuasive, never mandatory for a judge
to follow.

Typical Legal Information Requests in Public Libraries
Patrons use public libraries to answer many legal questions. The greatest number of requests falls into
the following areas:

    Family law—divorce, marriage, custody, visitation, guardianship, paternity, grandparent’s rights

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Locating Legal Information on the Internet
By Meg Martin, Wyoming State Law Library

    Traffic law—tickets, driver’s licenses, DUI/DWI
    Real estate law—landlord/tenant, purchasing real estate, title searches
    Estate Planning—probate, wills, trusts, estates, power of attorney, living will, health care directive
    Employment law—worker’s compensation, Family and Medical Leave Act, wrongful termination
    Business/consumer law—incorporation/corporation, tax, consumer complaints
    Court procedures in general—small claims court, subpoena, motions, judgments
    Criminal law—theft, assault, harassment

Typical search strategies are a starting point in responding to these types of requests and include the
following familiar types of resource—the only difference is the legal content of the tool:

    Dictionaries: Black’s Law Dictionary; nolo.com’s online legal dictionary
    Encyclopedias: West’s Encyclopedia of American Law; nolo.com’s online legal encyclopedia;
    Zimmerman’s legal encyclopedia available at lexisone.com
    Books: library catalogs; nolo.com; sphinxlegal.com
    Periodicals: Law Reviews Online http://www.loc.gov/law/guide/lawreviews.html
    University Law Review Project http://www.lawreview.org/
    Pamphlets: Wyoming Law Help website http://www.wyominglawhelp.org/WY/index.cfm
    Primary and Secondary legal sources: see other sections of this guide

KEY MESSAGE: Patrons may press a librarian for “answers”; librarians can offer information sources and
referrals.

What/When to Refer a Question To a Law Library and/or Attorney

What a Librarian CAN Do
    Perform legitimate reference activities
    o If someone knows the name or subject or other identifying characteristics of a case, you can
        assist with retrieval
    o If someone knows a citation or topic or other identifying characteristic of a statute, you can assist
        with retrieval
    o If someone knows the name of a particular form, you can assist with retrieval
    o Show where the statutes are; explain how an index works; keep a list of handy URLs
    Adhere to general principles and ethics of library reference services (From the ALA Code of Ethics)
    o Provide the highest level of service to all library users
    o Provide accurate, unbiased, and courteous responses to all requests
    o Protect each library user's right to privacy and confidentiality
    o Distinguish between our personal convictions and professional duties

Remember that you are the expert in retrieving information, not in the meaning of the information itself.

What a Librarian CANNOT Do
    Anything that would harm a patron
    Advise on legal matters
    o You don’t prescribe controlled substances; you shouldn’t prescribe legal remedies
    o You don’t explain the lymphatic system to a patron; you shouldn’t try to teach divorce law
    Involve oneself with the legal problems of patrons
    Act as an expert on any area of law
    o Even if you just bought a house, got a divorce, collected a judgment….
    o We cannot select which form
    o We cannot assist with completing a form

                                                                                                                  Page 6 of 13
                                                                                                                     1/9/2008
   Adapted from document created by the Minnesota Association of Law Libraries http://www.aallnet.org/chapter/mall/handout.pdf
Locating Legal Information on the Internet
By Meg Martin, Wyoming State Law Library

    o We cannot determine which statute
    o We cannot interpret a case
    Engage in situations where there is a potential conflict of interest
    o If both parties (on opposite sides) to a legal situation seek your assistance, they must be able to
       count on your information seeking assistance
    o A lawyer can generally only assist one party; a librarian must stand ready to assist any patron.

The nearest we may come to offering legal advice is to suggest that the patron may wish to consult a
lawyer or, if a government entity is involved, the agency issuing the rule.

Referrals
Rules and Regulations Interpretation
Wyoming Agencies: http://wyoming.gov/government.asp
Law Libraries (for additional resources, NOT legal advice)
    University of Wyoming George William Hopper Law Library: http://uwadmnweb.uwyo.edu/LawLib/
    Wyoming State Law Library: http://library.courts.state.wy.us/
Legal Services (to find a lawyer)
    Lawyers Referral Service (Wyoming State Bar Association): http://www.wyomingbar.org/
    Law Help Wyoming, a website providing help to low-income citizens with civil legal problems:
    http://www.wyominglawhelp.org/WY/index.cfm.
Attorney Information
    Martindale-Hubbell: http://www.martindale.com/xp/Martindale/home.xml
    Find Law: http://www.findlaw.com

Identifying and Retrieving Online Documents with a
Citation

How to Read a Legal Citation
Citation                            Document/Publication                            Volume/Title           Page/Section
Roe v. Wade, 410 U.S. 113           U.S. Supreme Court Case /                           410                    113
                                    U.S. Reports
42 U.S.C. § 1983                    U.S. Statute / United States Code                       42                  1983
26 C.F.R. § 1.501(c)(3)-1           Federal Regulation / Code of Federal                    26              1.501 (search
                                    Regulations                                                            to the section)
Wyo. Stat. Ann. § 6-7-102           Wyoming Statute                                        2/6                 6-7-102
Fed. R. Civ. P. 12                  Federal Rules of Civil Procedure                                             12
W.R.C.P. 56                         Wyoming Rules of Civil Procedure               Wyoming Court                 56
                                                                                   Rules Annotated

Where to Find Documents

Statutes, Codes and Legislation
United States Constitution: http://www.gpoaccess.gov/constitution/browse.html

Federal Statutes
   Official U.S. Code: http://uscode.house.gov/search/criteria.shtml

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   Adapted from document created by the Minnesota Association of Law Libraries http://www.aallnet.org/chapter/mall/handout.pdf
Locating Legal Information on the Internet
By Meg Martin, Wyoming State Law Library

    Legal Information Institute: http://www4.law.cornell.edu/uscode/

Federal Legislation: http://thomas.loc.gov/

Wyoming Statutes, Legislation, and Constitution: http://legisweb.state.wy.us/

Courts and Case Law
Federal courts
   United States Supreme Court: http://www.supremecourtus.gov/
   Tenth Circuit Court of Appeals: http://www.kscourts.org/CA10/
   U.S. District Court Wyoming: http://www.ca10.uscourts.gov/

Wyoming Courts: http://www.courts.state.wy.us/

Federal and State Case Law
   LexisOne (free registration): http://www.lexisone.com/caselaw/freecaselaw
   Findlaw: http://www.findlaw.com/casecode/

Agencies and Administrative Law
    Federal Agencies: http://www.washlaw.edu/doclaw/executive5m.html
    Code of Federal Regulations: http://www.gpoaccess.gov/cfr OR http://www.gpoaccess.gov/ecfr/
    (beta site—more current)
    Federal Register: http://www.gpoaccess.gov/fr

Wyoming Agencies: http://wyoming.gov/government.asp

Wyoming Rules: http://soswy.state.wy.us/rules/rules.htm

Municipal Ordinances
    Wyoming: http://www.courts.state.wy.us/LawLibrary/wyoleg.aspx
    Other states: http://www.bpcnet.com/codes.htm OR
    http://www.spl.org/default.asp?pageID=collection_municodes

Find a Document by Citation
Federal statute          Your patron wants to see the            1. Go to
                         federal civil rights statute: 42           http://uscode.house.gov/search/criteria.shtml
                         USC 1983.                               2. Enter title 42 and section 1983 in search boxes
                                                                 3. Read section
Federal                  Your patron wants to read the           1. Go to Thomas http://thomas.loc.gov/
legislation              Medicare prescription drug bill         2. Choose Public Laws
                         — Public Law No: 108-173.               3. Choose 108-151—108-199
                                                                 4. Scroll down to 173
Federal court            Your patron has just been               1. Go to Federal Rules of Civil Procedure
rule                     handed a motion to dismiss                 (Cornell)
                         according to Fed. R. Civ. P.               http://www.law.cornell.edu/rules/frcp/overview.
                         12                                         htm
                                                                 2. Scroll down to Rule 12
                                                                 3. Click on the link to the text of the rule
                                                                 4. Note the advisory comments—right column:
                                                                    Notes
Federal case             Your patron wants to see the            1. Go to FindLaw

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   Adapted from document created by the Minnesota Association of Law Libraries http://www.aallnet.org/chapter/mall/handout.pdf
Locating Legal Information on the Internet
By Meg Martin, Wyoming State Law Library

                         opinion for Roe v. Wade, 410                 http://www.findlaw.com/casecode/supreme.htm
                         U.S. 113                                     l OR LexisOne (LexisOne requires a free
                                                                      registration)
                                                                 2.   Scroll down on the page and enter the cite
                                                                 3.   Open the case
Federal                  Your patron wants to see what           1.   Go to the regular CFR site:
administrative           a “501-c-3” organization is.                 http://www.gpoaccess.gov/cfr/index.html
rule                     26 C.F.R. § 1.501(c)(3)-1               2.   Select “Retrieve by CFR Citation” link
                                                                 3.   Enter title 26; part 1; section 501

                                                                 Sometimes this works; sometimes not.

                                                                 BETTER: If you want an up-to-date version…

                                                                 1.   Go to http://www.gpoaccess.gov/ecfr/
                                                                 2.   Select Title 26 from the browse list
                                                                 3.   Select 1.501-1.640
                                                                 4.   Check the third line of the results
State statute            Your patron wants to read the           1.   Go to the Wyoming Legislature page:
                         conceal/carry statute: Wyo.                  http://legisweb.state.wy.us/titles/statutes.htm
                         Stat. Ann. 6-8-104                      2.   Choose Statutes
                                                                 3.   Choose Title 6, Chapter 8, Section 104
State legislation        Your patron wants to look at            1.   On the same Wyoming Legislature page:
                         legislative session bill                     http://legisweb.state.wy.us/sessions/legsess.ht
                         information for 2006 Budget                  m
                         Session                                 2.   Scroll down to Session Information - Archives
                                                                 3.   Select the Budget Session.
                                                                 4.   Choose Bill Information for 2006 Budget
                                                                      Session.
                                                                 5.   Choose the Category that you are interested in
                                                                      (status, by sponsor name, by subject index).
State court rule         Your patron has just received           1.   Go to the Wyoming Court page:
                         a notice that the other side                 http://www.courts.state.wy.us/CourtRules.aspx
                         has filed for summary                   2.   Choose Wyoming Rules of Civil Procedure
                         judgment: W.R.C.P. 56                   3.   Scroll down to Rule 56 and click on the link
State case               Your patron wants to read the           1.   Go to http://library.courts.state.wy.us/
                         opinion for a fairly recent             2.   Select WY Supreme Court Cases
                         (1990-present) Wyoming                  3.   Select Wyoming Supreme Court Cases - expand.
                         Supreme Court case.                     4.   Select the year of the case.
                                                                 5.   Open link for the title of the case you are
                                                                      interested in.


Starting Point for Retrieving Legal Information
There are many great websites out there that provide links to primary authority. Instead of trying to
remember them all, try just one – the state law library web page. Go to
http://library.courts.state.wy.us/. There are several links on this page you may find useful.

    Select WY Statutes. Then click on Wyoming Statutes, then Search Options. From this page you
    can do a keyword search through the statutes. Let’s say you wanted to locate the statute that
    requires cars to stop for pedestrians. What would you search for? Try a sample search. In the text
    field type “pedestrian rights” OR “pedestrian yield”. The correct statute is 31-5-6.


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   Adapted from document created by the Minnesota Association of Law Libraries http://www.aallnet.org/chapter/mall/handout.pdf
Locating Legal Information on the Internet
By Meg Martin, Wyoming State Law Library

    Go back to the law library webpage http://library.courts.state.wy.us/. Select WY Supreme Court
    Cases. This time select Wyoming Supreme Court Cases – expand. Select Advanced Search.
    Here you can search using Boolean connectors, natural language, words and phrases, and wildcards.
    (Check the help info.) Click on Execute Query after you have entered your search terms.

    Go back to the law library webpage http://library.courts.state.wy.us/. This time click on WY
    Municipal Codes. Select a municipality and follow the format for each Code (they are inconsistent
    in format.)

    Go back to the law library webpage http://library.courts.state.wy.us/. This time select eCFR. This
    version is the CFR as current in force, though it is still in beta format. For older versions of the CFR,
    you must choose Code of Federal Regulations from the taskbar on the left side of the eCFR
    page. You will have a choice of searching current data or 1996 through the current year.

    Go back to the law library webpage http://library.courts.state.wy.us/. Select U.S. Code. Try a
    sample search. (You may want to click on “help” to show how searches are put together here.) In
    the search box type ‘law library’ (using quotation marks) and click Search. Click on 2 USC sec. 137 to
    see who can use the law library.

    See also the Legal Research Guides available on the law library webpage
    http://www.courts.state.wy.us/LawLibrary/general.aspx.

Interesting Legal Websites
               Name                                              What’s so great about it
Statistical Resources on the Web            http://www.lib.umich.edu/govdocs/stats.html
                                                Provides searchable databases of statistics RE: consumers,
                                                health, housing, education, environment, etc.
                                                (Sample search: Select Environment and scroll down to
                                                ‘environmental maps,’ search for your zip code.)
Directory of Federal Government             http://www.lib.lsu.edu/gov/fedgov.html
Agencies                                        Searchable portal for all federal agency websites
Oyez Project                                http://www.oyez.org/oyez/frontpage
                                                US Supreme Court multimedia website. Listen to US Supreme
                                                Court oral arguments.
Patent Café                                 http://www.patentcafe.com/
                                                Patent Information for new inventors and small businesses
Wyoming Sex Offender                        http://attorneygeneral.state.wy.us/dci/so/so_registration.html
Registration                                    Search for offenders by county
Wyoming Department of Health -              http://wdhfs.state.wy.us/aging/
Aging Division                                  Organization that helps seniors find community services (e.g.,
                                                transportation, housekeeping and home care)
Wacky and/or Obscure Patents                http://www.patent.freeserve.co.uk/ OR
                                            http://www.delphion.com/gallery
                                                Select Contents at the top for a list of funny patents
Directory of Wyoming Government             http://wyoming.gov/government.asp
Agencies                                        Select local, state or federal agencies from this page. Or, scroll
                                                down to choose from the list of WY state agencies.
Open Secrets.org                            http://www.opensecrets.org/
                                                Research on campaign finance issues for the news media,
                                                academics, activists, and the public at large.
                                                Campaign contributions tracked by industry and candidate.


                                                                                                                Page 10 of 13
                                                                                                                     1/9/2008
   Adapted from document created by the Minnesota Association of Law Libraries http://www.aallnet.org/chapter/mall/handout.pdf
Locating Legal Information on the Internet
By Meg Martin, Wyoming State Law Library

Employment Labor                           http://www.worksonwork.irc.umn.edu/
                                               WorksOnWork currently indexes over 70,000 employment-
                                               related books, journal articles, working papers, proceedings,
                                               and web. Information may be accessed via author, title,
                                               keyword, or by unique subject headings developed by the
                                               Reference Room staff.

Helpful Websites

Miscellaneous
   Bankruptcy: http://www.bankruptcyaction.com/
   Daily life information: http://www.abalawinfo.org/
   Department of Corrections: http://doc.state.wy.us/corrections.asp
   Family Law issues
   o Child Support Enforcement: http://dfsweb.state.wy.us/csehome/cs.htm
   Department of Family Services: http://dfsweb.state.wy.us/
   Wyoming Children’s Access Network: http://www.wycan.org/
   DivorceNet Wyoming: http://www.divorcenet.com/states/wyoming
   Elder Issues: http://wdhfs.state.wy.us/aging/
   Medicare: http://www.medicare.gov/
   Forms (Wyoming only has one Wyoming-specific form—divorce packets which are available from
   district court clerks only)
   o http://www.alllaw.com/forms/
   o http://www.ilrg.com/forms/index.html
   o Findlaw: http://public.findlaw.com/?lid=Public_button
   o Legal Information Institute (Cornell): http://www.law.cornell.edu/
   o LexisOne: http://www.lexisone.com/
   o Nolo Press: http://www.nolo.com/
   o Zimmerman’s Guide: http://www.lexisone.com/zimmermanguide
   Housing
   o Mortgages: http://www.mortgage-x.com
   o Property values: http://www.realtor.org/research.nsf/pages/MetroPrice?OpenDocument
   Laws of other states: http://www.legalengine.com/lawsearchstatelocal2.html
   Lawyer Referral Service: http://www.wyomingbar.org/ and then select “need a lawyer?”
   LawHelpWY.org: http://www.wyominglawhelp.org/WY/index.cfm
   Statistics: http://www.lib.umich.edu/govdocs/stats.html
   Taxes (federal): http://www.taxsos.com/

Other Useful Sources
Wyoming Law Library and Library Associations
   American Association of Law Libraries (AALL): http://www.aallnet.org/index.asp
   University of Wyoming – George William Hopper Law Library: http://uwadmnweb.uwyo.edu/LawLib/
   Wyoming State Law Library: http://library.courts.state.wy.us/
   Special Libraries Association (SLA) Legal Division: http://units.sla.org/division/dleg/




                                                                                                               Page 11 of 13
                                                                                                                    1/9/2008
  Adapted from document created by the Minnesota Association of Law Libraries http://www.aallnet.org/chapter/mall/handout.pdf
Locating Legal Information on the Internet
By Meg Martin, Wyoming State Law Library


Forms and Print Materials

Forms

Court Forms and Legal Forms
Court forms relate to procedures when parties take matters before the court. Legal forms relate to
matters that don’t come before the court but which have full legal effect between the parties involved.
Court transactions require parties to act/not act—failure to comply can result in contempt. Non-court
transactions can be between individuals, individuals and businesses—by agreement, legal effect is
imposed upon the parties; failure to comply may result in a cause of action or lawsuit.

What they call themselves:
   Court forms (motion, affidavit, petition, summons, complaint, judgment, decree)
   “Out of court” forms (will, codicil, power of attorney, lease, purchase agreement)

Free Forms Sites: http://www.lectlaw.com

Commercial vendors
Miller Davis: http://www.millerdavis.com
Kemske/Oswald—1-800-782-3532

Strategy—Patrons must decide upon the form they need and select accordingly. The librarian cannot give
advice regarding the proper form a patron should choose. Forms relate to procedures determined by the
court as well as statutory authority.

Print Materials

Reference Materials
    Legal Research: How to Find and Understand the Law (Nolo Press)
    Legal Research Made Easy (Sphinx Press)
    National Survey of State Laws (Thomson/Gale)
    Black’s Law Dictionary

History and Overviews of the Law
    American Law in the Twentieth Century – by Lawrence M. Friedman form the Yale University Press.
    2002
    Famous Trials – http://www.law.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/ftrials.htm (University of Missouri-
    Kansas City Law School)
    Wyoming Historical Blue Book: a legal and political history of Wyoming

General – Self-help Materials
Nolo titles
    Beat Your Ticket
    Criminal Law Handbook
    Dog Law
    Every Landlord’s Legal Guide
    Every Tenant’s Legal Guide
    Everybody’s Guide to Small Claims Court

                                                                                                                Page 12 of 13
                                                                                                                     1/9/2008
   Adapted from document created by the Minnesota Association of Law Libraries http://www.aallnet.org/chapter/mall/handout.pdf
Locating Legal Information on the Internet
By Meg Martin, Wyoming State Law Library

   Neighbor Law
   Nolo’s Simple Will Book
   Represent Yourself in Court
   Social Security, Medicare & Government Pensions
Sphinx titles
   Grandparents’ Rights
   How to File Your Own Divorce
Any of the “Nutshells” series from West
   American Indian Law in a Nutshell
   Constitutional Law in a Nutshell
   Criminal Procedure in a Nutshell
   Employment Law in a Nutshell
   Personal Property in a Nutshell
   Real Property in a Nutshell




                                                                                                               Page 13 of 13
                                                                                                                    1/9/2008
  Adapted from document created by the Minnesota Association of Law Libraries http://www.aallnet.org/chapter/mall/handout.pdf

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Locating Legal Information On The Internet

  • 1. Locating Legal Information on the Internet By Meg Martin, Wyoming State Law Library Goals _________________________________________________________________ 2 Overview of the United States Legal System __________________________________ 2 Familiarizing Yourself with Legal Abbreviations _____________________________________________2 Overview of the United States Government________________________________________________2 Types of Legal Authority ______________________________________________________________2 Primary Authority __________________________________________________________________2 Constitutions ____________________________________________________________________2 Statutes ________________________________________________________________________2 Court Rules _____________________________________________________________________3 Wyoming Court Rules ___________________________________________________________3 Cases __________________________________________________________________________4 Overview of Court System________________________________________________________4 Secondary Authority ________________________________________________________________5 Mandatory and Persuasive Authority ___________________________________________________5 Typical Legal Information Requests in Public Libraries___________________________ 5 What/When to Refer a Question To a Law Library and/or Attorney _____________________________6 What a Librarian CAN Do ____________________________________________________________6 What a Librarian CANNOT Do_________________________________________________________6 Referrals _________________________________________________________________________7 Rules and Regulations Interpretation _________________________________________________7 Law Libraries (for additional resources, NOT legal advice) ________________________________7 Legal Services (to find a lawyer)_____________________________________________________7 Attorney Information______________________________________________________________7 Identifying and Retrieving Online Documents with a Citation _____________________ 7 How to Read a Legal Citation___________________________________________________________7 Where to Find Documents _____________________________________________________________7 Statutes, Codes and Legislation _______________________________________________________7 Courts and Case Law _______________________________________________________________8 Agencies and Administrative Law ______________________________________________________8 Municipal Ordinances _______________________________________________________________8 Find a Document by Citation ___________________________________________________________8 Starting Point for Retrieving Legal Information ________________________________ 9 Interesting Legal Websites _______________________________________________ 10 Helpful Websites _______________________________________________________ 11 Miscellaneous ______________________________________________________________________11 Other Useful Sources ______________________________________________________________11 Wyoming Law Library and Library Associations ________________________________________11 Forms and Print Materials ________________________________________________ 12 Forms ____________________________________________________________________________12 Court Forms and Legal Forms________________________________________________________12 Print Materials______________________________________________________________________12 Reference Materials _______________________________________________________________12 History and Overviews of the Law ____________________________________________________12 General – Self-help Materials ________________________________________________________12 Nolo titles _____________________________________________________________________12 Sphinx titles ____________________________________________________________________13 Any of the “Nutshells” series from West______________________________________________13 Page 1 of 13 1/9/2008 Adapted from document created by the Minnesota Association of Law Libraries http://www.aallnet.org/chapter/mall/handout.pdf
  • 2. Locating Legal Information on the Internet By Meg Martin, Wyoming State Law Library Goals To familiarize you with legal system in general, online legal websites To provide guidance through some online legal websites. To discuss what you can and can’t do for patrons looking for legal help or information Overview of the United States Legal System Familiarizing Yourself with Legal Abbreviations Cardiff Index to Legal Abbreviations http://www.legalabbrevs.cardiff.ac.uk Overview of the United States Government The United States was set up to have fourteen separate governments: the federal government, well as a government for each state. The United States Constitution grants specific, enumerated powers to the federal government, but any powers not granted to the federal government are reserved for the states under the Tenth Amendment. While each state has its own government, the federal constitution is considered to be the supreme law of the land, and therefore no state law can conflict with the U.S. Constitution. U.S. Const. art. VI, sec. 1, cl. 2. There are 3 branches of government for the federal government and each of the states. Each branch creates its own type of law. The legislative branch creates statutes. The executive branch creates regulations and the judicial branch creates case law. Types of Legal Authority When you do legal research, you are searching for authority to back up your position. Authority can be primary or secondary. Primary authority is actual law. Examples of primary authority are constitutions, cases, administrative regulations, statutes and court rules. Secondary authority is material that describes, explains or helps you find the law. Primary Authority Constitutions Constitutions set forth the functions and powers of a government, and guarantee rights to its citizens. Constitutions may be written or unwritten, and they may be made up of a single document or several. In the United States we have a written federal constitution that is generally considered to be the oldest in the world. A copy of the U.S. Constitution can be found at the beginning of the federal statutes. It is also reprinted in most state statutory compilations and in the back of Black’s Law Dictionary. In addition, each state has its own constitution that defines the powers of the state. The state constitutions tend to be longer and more detailed than our relatively short U.S. Constitution. No state law or constitution can contradict the federal constitution. However, a state may convey more rights to its citizens than the federal government does. You can find state constitutions in the state’s statutory compilation. Note that constitutions exist on a city and county level as well. These are called charters. Statutes Statutes are legislative law. They exist on a state and federal level. The federal statutes are grouped in 50 Titles. Each title represents a broad subject area. For example, all of the statutes in Title 7 pertain to Page 2 of 13 1/9/2008 Adapted from document created by the Minnesota Association of Law Libraries http://www.aallnet.org/chapter/mall/handout.pdf
  • 3. Locating Legal Information on the Internet By Meg Martin, Wyoming State Law Library Agriculture. Each Title is further broken down into sections. A typical citation to a federal statute appears as: 7 U.S.C. § 401 (year). The 7 represents the Title and the 401 represents the section within that Title. You can access the U.S. Code on the web at http://www.gpoaccess.gov/uscode/index.html Wyoming statutes are grouped into 42 numerical titles with a separate Title, #99, for Water Projects. Each title covers a different subject. Each title is broken into separate chapters and further into articles as necessary. A typical citation for a Wyoming statute appears as: Wyo. Stat. Ann. § 30-1-101 (year). To locate this statute you would go to the volume that contains Title 30 and look for your chapter. You can access Wyoming Statutes on the web at http://legisweb.state.wy.us/titles/statutes.htm. To search the Wyoming statutes, select Wyoming Statutes from the Home Page and then select “Search Options” located in the upper left corner of the page. Legislative law also exists at the city and county level. These are called ordinances. Most law libraries and many large public libraries will collect local ordinances in print. Many Wyoming ordinances are available on the internet at http://www.courts.state.wy.us/LawLibrary/wyoleg.aspx. Court Rules Court rules set forth the procedure of the courts. They cover details such as time limitations, formats for pleadings, and who can be party to a case. They exist on a federal, state and sometimes local level. Court rules are generally created by the highest court of the state, or on the federal level, by the U.S. Supreme Court. However, they are generally subject to amendment by the legislature. In addition to the general rules created by the highest court, each court is entitled to make its own rules, provided they do not conflict with the general rules. These are called local or special rules. It is crucial that legal researchers are aware of the rules, so they don’t miss important deadlines. Wyoming Court Rules In Wyoming, there are several sets of general rules. These include: Wyoming Rules of Civil Procedure - govern the procedure for civil cases in the district (trial) courts. Wyoming Rules of Criminal Procedure – govern the procedure for criminal cases in the district (trial) courts. Wyoming Rules of Evidence – govern proceedings in the courts of Wyoming. Wyoming Rules of Appellate Procedure – govern procedure in the Supreme Court and Court of Appeals in civil appeals. Uniform Rules for the District Courts of the State of Wyoming – govern procedure in the district courts of Wyoming. You can locate Wyoming court rules in the print version of the Wyoming Statutes. In addition, you can find the rules on the web at http://www.courts.state.wy.us/CourtRules.aspx. Federal rules of court – As with the state, there are several sets of general rules for the federal court. These include: Federal Rules of Civil Procedure Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure Federal Rules of Evidence Federal Rules of Appellate Procedure In addition, there are separate local rules for the U.S. Supreme Court, each federal Court of Appeal, each U.S. District Court, and each of the U.S. Bankruptcy Courts. Page 3 of 13 1/9/2008 Adapted from document created by the Minnesota Association of Law Libraries http://www.aallnet.org/chapter/mall/handout.pdf
  • 4. Locating Legal Information on the Internet By Meg Martin, Wyoming State Law Library Cases Overview of Court System Sometimes a case may involve state and federal issues. Where you bring a case depends on what court has jurisdiction. You can bring a case in federal court: if it arises under federal law if the case involves parties from 2 different states and the amount in controversy exceeds $75,000 Federal Court Structure Trial courts (U.S. District Court – each state has at least 1) Intermediate Appellate Court - Circuit Courts of Appeal – hear appeals from trial court Court of last resort - U.S. Supreme Court Otherwise, you bring the case in state court. State courts generally have the same structure as the federal system. In Wyoming: The District Court is a trial court of general jurisdiction. A district court exists in all 23 counties and is organized into 9 judicial districts. Felony criminal cases, large civil cases, and juvenile and probate matters are decided in the district court. The Circuit Courts are located in all 23 counties. The civil jurisdiction of the circuit courts covers cases in which the damages or recovery sought does not exceed $7,000. It hears all misdemeanor criminal cases and smaller civil cases. The Supreme Court is the highest level of court in the state. It hears appeals from decisions of the district courts and all decisions are published. In addition, municipal courts operate in all incorporated cities and towns and have jurisdiction over violations of municipal ordinances. Wyoming Supreme Court decisions are available on the web including decisions from 1990 to present. http://wyomcases.courts.state.wy.us/ There is one federal district in Wyoming. It is called the United States District Court, District of Wyoming. This is a federal trial court. Cases are heard in Cheyenne and Casper. http://www.ck10.uscourts.gov/wyoming/district/htmlpages/courtinfo.html The 10th Circuit Court of Appeals includes Wyoming. (See circuit map at http://www.law.emory.edu/FEDCTS/.) Cases from the U.S. District Court in Wyoming are appealed to the 10th Circuit Court of Appeals. Some of these decisions are published, but most are not. Recent decisions of the federal courts of appeal can be found online at the courts’ websites. See http://www.uscourts.gov/ for links. The United States Supreme Court is the court of last resort. Cases from the federal circuit courts of appeal and state courts can be appealed to this court. Review is discretionary; the U.S. Supreme Court agrees to hear a very small percentage of the requests for appeal it receives. All U.S. Supreme Court cases are published. You can find these decisions online at http://www.findlaw.com/casecode/supreme.html. See also the Court’s website at http://www.supremecourtus.gov/. Page 4 of 13 1/9/2008 Adapted from document created by the Minnesota Association of Law Libraries http://www.aallnet.org/chapter/mall/handout.pdf
  • 5. Locating Legal Information on the Internet By Meg Martin, Wyoming State Law Library Regulations Administrative regulations (also called rules) are created by administrative agencies. Agencies are given their rule making power by the legislature. Agencies are given this power because the legislature doesn’t have the time or expertise to create all of the details needed to govern what the agencies do. Generally the legislature will enact a law about a subject (such as water pollution). Then it will grant an agency (such as the EPA) rule making power over that area. The agency can then fill in the details that the statute does not include. Regulations exist on a state and federal level. The Wyoming Secretary of State is the registrar of rules for state agencies. Rules are updated daily in the Rules Database located on the web page. It can be accessed on the web at http://soswy.state.wy.us/rules/rules.htm. The Rules are grouped together by topic in the Weil’s Code of Wyoming Rules. This set is updated monthly. Use the index volume at the end of the set to locate regulations on a particular topic. Federal regulations are first published in the Federal Register. It is published every business day. In addition to final regulations, it includes proposed regulations, presidential documents and notices. The Federal Register (back to 1994) can be accessed online at http://www.gpoaccess.gov/fr/index.html Federal regulations are codified (grouped by topic) in the Code of Federal Regulations. They can be accessed online at http://www.gpoaccess.gov/cfr/index.html. Secondary Authority Secondary sources are materials written about the law. They may explain, describe or help you locate the law. Secondary sources are the best place to start your legal research if you are unfamiliar with the topic or issue. Examples of secondary sources are: Law dictionaries Legal encyclopedias Legal periodicals You will not find much secondary authority on the free web. A few places where you can look for legal periodical articles are: Law Reviews Online http://www.loc.gov/law/guide/lawreviews.html University Law Review Project http://www.lawreview.org/ Mandatory and Persuasive Authority As you do legal research, you need to be aware of what type of legal authority a judge must follow and what type of authority he/she can choose to follow. Primary authority is mandatory for a judge to follow it comes from the same jurisdiction and it deals with the same or similar facts and legal issues. If there is no authority from your jurisdiction that is “on point”, you can go outside of your jurisdiction. You can cite to a case or statute from another state, but it can only be persuasive authority. The judge can choose to follow it, but does not have to. Secondary authority can only be persuasive, never mandatory for a judge to follow. Typical Legal Information Requests in Public Libraries Patrons use public libraries to answer many legal questions. The greatest number of requests falls into the following areas: Family law—divorce, marriage, custody, visitation, guardianship, paternity, grandparent’s rights Page 5 of 13 1/9/2008 Adapted from document created by the Minnesota Association of Law Libraries http://www.aallnet.org/chapter/mall/handout.pdf
  • 6. Locating Legal Information on the Internet By Meg Martin, Wyoming State Law Library Traffic law—tickets, driver’s licenses, DUI/DWI Real estate law—landlord/tenant, purchasing real estate, title searches Estate Planning—probate, wills, trusts, estates, power of attorney, living will, health care directive Employment law—worker’s compensation, Family and Medical Leave Act, wrongful termination Business/consumer law—incorporation/corporation, tax, consumer complaints Court procedures in general—small claims court, subpoena, motions, judgments Criminal law—theft, assault, harassment Typical search strategies are a starting point in responding to these types of requests and include the following familiar types of resource—the only difference is the legal content of the tool: Dictionaries: Black’s Law Dictionary; nolo.com’s online legal dictionary Encyclopedias: West’s Encyclopedia of American Law; nolo.com’s online legal encyclopedia; Zimmerman’s legal encyclopedia available at lexisone.com Books: library catalogs; nolo.com; sphinxlegal.com Periodicals: Law Reviews Online http://www.loc.gov/law/guide/lawreviews.html University Law Review Project http://www.lawreview.org/ Pamphlets: Wyoming Law Help website http://www.wyominglawhelp.org/WY/index.cfm Primary and Secondary legal sources: see other sections of this guide KEY MESSAGE: Patrons may press a librarian for “answers”; librarians can offer information sources and referrals. What/When to Refer a Question To a Law Library and/or Attorney What a Librarian CAN Do Perform legitimate reference activities o If someone knows the name or subject or other identifying characteristics of a case, you can assist with retrieval o If someone knows a citation or topic or other identifying characteristic of a statute, you can assist with retrieval o If someone knows the name of a particular form, you can assist with retrieval o Show where the statutes are; explain how an index works; keep a list of handy URLs Adhere to general principles and ethics of library reference services (From the ALA Code of Ethics) o Provide the highest level of service to all library users o Provide accurate, unbiased, and courteous responses to all requests o Protect each library user's right to privacy and confidentiality o Distinguish between our personal convictions and professional duties Remember that you are the expert in retrieving information, not in the meaning of the information itself. What a Librarian CANNOT Do Anything that would harm a patron Advise on legal matters o You don’t prescribe controlled substances; you shouldn’t prescribe legal remedies o You don’t explain the lymphatic system to a patron; you shouldn’t try to teach divorce law Involve oneself with the legal problems of patrons Act as an expert on any area of law o Even if you just bought a house, got a divorce, collected a judgment…. o We cannot select which form o We cannot assist with completing a form Page 6 of 13 1/9/2008 Adapted from document created by the Minnesota Association of Law Libraries http://www.aallnet.org/chapter/mall/handout.pdf
  • 7. Locating Legal Information on the Internet By Meg Martin, Wyoming State Law Library o We cannot determine which statute o We cannot interpret a case Engage in situations where there is a potential conflict of interest o If both parties (on opposite sides) to a legal situation seek your assistance, they must be able to count on your information seeking assistance o A lawyer can generally only assist one party; a librarian must stand ready to assist any patron. The nearest we may come to offering legal advice is to suggest that the patron may wish to consult a lawyer or, if a government entity is involved, the agency issuing the rule. Referrals Rules and Regulations Interpretation Wyoming Agencies: http://wyoming.gov/government.asp Law Libraries (for additional resources, NOT legal advice) University of Wyoming George William Hopper Law Library: http://uwadmnweb.uwyo.edu/LawLib/ Wyoming State Law Library: http://library.courts.state.wy.us/ Legal Services (to find a lawyer) Lawyers Referral Service (Wyoming State Bar Association): http://www.wyomingbar.org/ Law Help Wyoming, a website providing help to low-income citizens with civil legal problems: http://www.wyominglawhelp.org/WY/index.cfm. Attorney Information Martindale-Hubbell: http://www.martindale.com/xp/Martindale/home.xml Find Law: http://www.findlaw.com Identifying and Retrieving Online Documents with a Citation How to Read a Legal Citation Citation Document/Publication Volume/Title Page/Section Roe v. Wade, 410 U.S. 113 U.S. Supreme Court Case / 410 113 U.S. Reports 42 U.S.C. § 1983 U.S. Statute / United States Code 42 1983 26 C.F.R. § 1.501(c)(3)-1 Federal Regulation / Code of Federal 26 1.501 (search Regulations to the section) Wyo. Stat. Ann. § 6-7-102 Wyoming Statute 2/6 6-7-102 Fed. R. Civ. P. 12 Federal Rules of Civil Procedure 12 W.R.C.P. 56 Wyoming Rules of Civil Procedure Wyoming Court 56 Rules Annotated Where to Find Documents Statutes, Codes and Legislation United States Constitution: http://www.gpoaccess.gov/constitution/browse.html Federal Statutes Official U.S. Code: http://uscode.house.gov/search/criteria.shtml Page 7 of 13 1/9/2008 Adapted from document created by the Minnesota Association of Law Libraries http://www.aallnet.org/chapter/mall/handout.pdf
  • 8. Locating Legal Information on the Internet By Meg Martin, Wyoming State Law Library Legal Information Institute: http://www4.law.cornell.edu/uscode/ Federal Legislation: http://thomas.loc.gov/ Wyoming Statutes, Legislation, and Constitution: http://legisweb.state.wy.us/ Courts and Case Law Federal courts United States Supreme Court: http://www.supremecourtus.gov/ Tenth Circuit Court of Appeals: http://www.kscourts.org/CA10/ U.S. District Court Wyoming: http://www.ca10.uscourts.gov/ Wyoming Courts: http://www.courts.state.wy.us/ Federal and State Case Law LexisOne (free registration): http://www.lexisone.com/caselaw/freecaselaw Findlaw: http://www.findlaw.com/casecode/ Agencies and Administrative Law Federal Agencies: http://www.washlaw.edu/doclaw/executive5m.html Code of Federal Regulations: http://www.gpoaccess.gov/cfr OR http://www.gpoaccess.gov/ecfr/ (beta site—more current) Federal Register: http://www.gpoaccess.gov/fr Wyoming Agencies: http://wyoming.gov/government.asp Wyoming Rules: http://soswy.state.wy.us/rules/rules.htm Municipal Ordinances Wyoming: http://www.courts.state.wy.us/LawLibrary/wyoleg.aspx Other states: http://www.bpcnet.com/codes.htm OR http://www.spl.org/default.asp?pageID=collection_municodes Find a Document by Citation Federal statute Your patron wants to see the 1. Go to federal civil rights statute: 42 http://uscode.house.gov/search/criteria.shtml USC 1983. 2. Enter title 42 and section 1983 in search boxes 3. Read section Federal Your patron wants to read the 1. Go to Thomas http://thomas.loc.gov/ legislation Medicare prescription drug bill 2. Choose Public Laws — Public Law No: 108-173. 3. Choose 108-151—108-199 4. Scroll down to 173 Federal court Your patron has just been 1. Go to Federal Rules of Civil Procedure rule handed a motion to dismiss (Cornell) according to Fed. R. Civ. P. http://www.law.cornell.edu/rules/frcp/overview. 12 htm 2. Scroll down to Rule 12 3. Click on the link to the text of the rule 4. Note the advisory comments—right column: Notes Federal case Your patron wants to see the 1. Go to FindLaw Page 8 of 13 1/9/2008 Adapted from document created by the Minnesota Association of Law Libraries http://www.aallnet.org/chapter/mall/handout.pdf
  • 9. Locating Legal Information on the Internet By Meg Martin, Wyoming State Law Library opinion for Roe v. Wade, 410 http://www.findlaw.com/casecode/supreme.htm U.S. 113 l OR LexisOne (LexisOne requires a free registration) 2. Scroll down on the page and enter the cite 3. Open the case Federal Your patron wants to see what 1. Go to the regular CFR site: administrative a “501-c-3” organization is. http://www.gpoaccess.gov/cfr/index.html rule 26 C.F.R. § 1.501(c)(3)-1 2. Select “Retrieve by CFR Citation” link 3. Enter title 26; part 1; section 501 Sometimes this works; sometimes not. BETTER: If you want an up-to-date version… 1. Go to http://www.gpoaccess.gov/ecfr/ 2. Select Title 26 from the browse list 3. Select 1.501-1.640 4. Check the third line of the results State statute Your patron wants to read the 1. Go to the Wyoming Legislature page: conceal/carry statute: Wyo. http://legisweb.state.wy.us/titles/statutes.htm Stat. Ann. 6-8-104 2. Choose Statutes 3. Choose Title 6, Chapter 8, Section 104 State legislation Your patron wants to look at 1. On the same Wyoming Legislature page: legislative session bill http://legisweb.state.wy.us/sessions/legsess.ht information for 2006 Budget m Session 2. Scroll down to Session Information - Archives 3. Select the Budget Session. 4. Choose Bill Information for 2006 Budget Session. 5. Choose the Category that you are interested in (status, by sponsor name, by subject index). State court rule Your patron has just received 1. Go to the Wyoming Court page: a notice that the other side http://www.courts.state.wy.us/CourtRules.aspx has filed for summary 2. Choose Wyoming Rules of Civil Procedure judgment: W.R.C.P. 56 3. Scroll down to Rule 56 and click on the link State case Your patron wants to read the 1. Go to http://library.courts.state.wy.us/ opinion for a fairly recent 2. Select WY Supreme Court Cases (1990-present) Wyoming 3. Select Wyoming Supreme Court Cases - expand. Supreme Court case. 4. Select the year of the case. 5. Open link for the title of the case you are interested in. Starting Point for Retrieving Legal Information There are many great websites out there that provide links to primary authority. Instead of trying to remember them all, try just one – the state law library web page. Go to http://library.courts.state.wy.us/. There are several links on this page you may find useful. Select WY Statutes. Then click on Wyoming Statutes, then Search Options. From this page you can do a keyword search through the statutes. Let’s say you wanted to locate the statute that requires cars to stop for pedestrians. What would you search for? Try a sample search. In the text field type “pedestrian rights” OR “pedestrian yield”. The correct statute is 31-5-6. Page 9 of 13 1/9/2008 Adapted from document created by the Minnesota Association of Law Libraries http://www.aallnet.org/chapter/mall/handout.pdf
  • 10. Locating Legal Information on the Internet By Meg Martin, Wyoming State Law Library Go back to the law library webpage http://library.courts.state.wy.us/. Select WY Supreme Court Cases. This time select Wyoming Supreme Court Cases – expand. Select Advanced Search. Here you can search using Boolean connectors, natural language, words and phrases, and wildcards. (Check the help info.) Click on Execute Query after you have entered your search terms. Go back to the law library webpage http://library.courts.state.wy.us/. This time click on WY Municipal Codes. Select a municipality and follow the format for each Code (they are inconsistent in format.) Go back to the law library webpage http://library.courts.state.wy.us/. This time select eCFR. This version is the CFR as current in force, though it is still in beta format. For older versions of the CFR, you must choose Code of Federal Regulations from the taskbar on the left side of the eCFR page. You will have a choice of searching current data or 1996 through the current year. Go back to the law library webpage http://library.courts.state.wy.us/. Select U.S. Code. Try a sample search. (You may want to click on “help” to show how searches are put together here.) In the search box type ‘law library’ (using quotation marks) and click Search. Click on 2 USC sec. 137 to see who can use the law library. See also the Legal Research Guides available on the law library webpage http://www.courts.state.wy.us/LawLibrary/general.aspx. Interesting Legal Websites Name What’s so great about it Statistical Resources on the Web http://www.lib.umich.edu/govdocs/stats.html Provides searchable databases of statistics RE: consumers, health, housing, education, environment, etc. (Sample search: Select Environment and scroll down to ‘environmental maps,’ search for your zip code.) Directory of Federal Government http://www.lib.lsu.edu/gov/fedgov.html Agencies Searchable portal for all federal agency websites Oyez Project http://www.oyez.org/oyez/frontpage US Supreme Court multimedia website. Listen to US Supreme Court oral arguments. Patent Café http://www.patentcafe.com/ Patent Information for new inventors and small businesses Wyoming Sex Offender http://attorneygeneral.state.wy.us/dci/so/so_registration.html Registration Search for offenders by county Wyoming Department of Health - http://wdhfs.state.wy.us/aging/ Aging Division Organization that helps seniors find community services (e.g., transportation, housekeeping and home care) Wacky and/or Obscure Patents http://www.patent.freeserve.co.uk/ OR http://www.delphion.com/gallery Select Contents at the top for a list of funny patents Directory of Wyoming Government http://wyoming.gov/government.asp Agencies Select local, state or federal agencies from this page. Or, scroll down to choose from the list of WY state agencies. Open Secrets.org http://www.opensecrets.org/ Research on campaign finance issues for the news media, academics, activists, and the public at large. Campaign contributions tracked by industry and candidate. Page 10 of 13 1/9/2008 Adapted from document created by the Minnesota Association of Law Libraries http://www.aallnet.org/chapter/mall/handout.pdf
  • 11. Locating Legal Information on the Internet By Meg Martin, Wyoming State Law Library Employment Labor http://www.worksonwork.irc.umn.edu/ WorksOnWork currently indexes over 70,000 employment- related books, journal articles, working papers, proceedings, and web. Information may be accessed via author, title, keyword, or by unique subject headings developed by the Reference Room staff. Helpful Websites Miscellaneous Bankruptcy: http://www.bankruptcyaction.com/ Daily life information: http://www.abalawinfo.org/ Department of Corrections: http://doc.state.wy.us/corrections.asp Family Law issues o Child Support Enforcement: http://dfsweb.state.wy.us/csehome/cs.htm Department of Family Services: http://dfsweb.state.wy.us/ Wyoming Children’s Access Network: http://www.wycan.org/ DivorceNet Wyoming: http://www.divorcenet.com/states/wyoming Elder Issues: http://wdhfs.state.wy.us/aging/ Medicare: http://www.medicare.gov/ Forms (Wyoming only has one Wyoming-specific form—divorce packets which are available from district court clerks only) o http://www.alllaw.com/forms/ o http://www.ilrg.com/forms/index.html o Findlaw: http://public.findlaw.com/?lid=Public_button o Legal Information Institute (Cornell): http://www.law.cornell.edu/ o LexisOne: http://www.lexisone.com/ o Nolo Press: http://www.nolo.com/ o Zimmerman’s Guide: http://www.lexisone.com/zimmermanguide Housing o Mortgages: http://www.mortgage-x.com o Property values: http://www.realtor.org/research.nsf/pages/MetroPrice?OpenDocument Laws of other states: http://www.legalengine.com/lawsearchstatelocal2.html Lawyer Referral Service: http://www.wyomingbar.org/ and then select “need a lawyer?” LawHelpWY.org: http://www.wyominglawhelp.org/WY/index.cfm Statistics: http://www.lib.umich.edu/govdocs/stats.html Taxes (federal): http://www.taxsos.com/ Other Useful Sources Wyoming Law Library and Library Associations American Association of Law Libraries (AALL): http://www.aallnet.org/index.asp University of Wyoming – George William Hopper Law Library: http://uwadmnweb.uwyo.edu/LawLib/ Wyoming State Law Library: http://library.courts.state.wy.us/ Special Libraries Association (SLA) Legal Division: http://units.sla.org/division/dleg/ Page 11 of 13 1/9/2008 Adapted from document created by the Minnesota Association of Law Libraries http://www.aallnet.org/chapter/mall/handout.pdf
  • 12. Locating Legal Information on the Internet By Meg Martin, Wyoming State Law Library Forms and Print Materials Forms Court Forms and Legal Forms Court forms relate to procedures when parties take matters before the court. Legal forms relate to matters that don’t come before the court but which have full legal effect between the parties involved. Court transactions require parties to act/not act—failure to comply can result in contempt. Non-court transactions can be between individuals, individuals and businesses—by agreement, legal effect is imposed upon the parties; failure to comply may result in a cause of action or lawsuit. What they call themselves: Court forms (motion, affidavit, petition, summons, complaint, judgment, decree) “Out of court” forms (will, codicil, power of attorney, lease, purchase agreement) Free Forms Sites: http://www.lectlaw.com Commercial vendors Miller Davis: http://www.millerdavis.com Kemske/Oswald—1-800-782-3532 Strategy—Patrons must decide upon the form they need and select accordingly. The librarian cannot give advice regarding the proper form a patron should choose. Forms relate to procedures determined by the court as well as statutory authority. Print Materials Reference Materials Legal Research: How to Find and Understand the Law (Nolo Press) Legal Research Made Easy (Sphinx Press) National Survey of State Laws (Thomson/Gale) Black’s Law Dictionary History and Overviews of the Law American Law in the Twentieth Century – by Lawrence M. Friedman form the Yale University Press. 2002 Famous Trials – http://www.law.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/ftrials.htm (University of Missouri- Kansas City Law School) Wyoming Historical Blue Book: a legal and political history of Wyoming General – Self-help Materials Nolo titles Beat Your Ticket Criminal Law Handbook Dog Law Every Landlord’s Legal Guide Every Tenant’s Legal Guide Everybody’s Guide to Small Claims Court Page 12 of 13 1/9/2008 Adapted from document created by the Minnesota Association of Law Libraries http://www.aallnet.org/chapter/mall/handout.pdf
  • 13. Locating Legal Information on the Internet By Meg Martin, Wyoming State Law Library Neighbor Law Nolo’s Simple Will Book Represent Yourself in Court Social Security, Medicare & Government Pensions Sphinx titles Grandparents’ Rights How to File Your Own Divorce Any of the “Nutshells” series from West American Indian Law in a Nutshell Constitutional Law in a Nutshell Criminal Procedure in a Nutshell Employment Law in a Nutshell Personal Property in a Nutshell Real Property in a Nutshell Page 13 of 13 1/9/2008 Adapted from document created by the Minnesota Association of Law Libraries http://www.aallnet.org/chapter/mall/handout.pdf