The muslim-league

Growth of Communalism
Questions Answers
When did Hindus and
Muslims fight for first time
and who exploited them?
Hindus and Muslim fought for the first
time during First War of
Independence in 1857. Both
communities were exploited by
British.
What made British to exploit
Hindus and Muslims? And
Why?
1. The Unity between Hindus and
Muslims posed a danger to British
imperialism; and
2. The uprising of 1857 made British
realize that they had to divide the
two communities in order to
prolong their rule in India.
Hence British exploited both
communities for fight.

Growth of Communalism
Questions Answers
What method British adopted
to encourage two
communities to fight?
British tried to sow the seeds of
disagreement between Hindus and
Muslims; and encouraged them to
fight.
How British tackled rising
tide of National Movement
using communalism?
British named the National
Movement as a movement for
establishing the ‘Hindu Kingdom’ in
India and encouraged Muslim to set
their own political organization
How and when Muslim
League was formed?
In 1906, the Muslim League was
formed due to British policy of
‘Divide and Rule’

Questions Answers
How British spread
communal hatred?
British tried to spread communal
hatred through - Press; Posters;
Public Platform and Literature;
(PPP-L)
Why the number of Muslims
educated in Western
Education system remained
small?
The number of educated Muslim in
western education system remained
small; because it was affordable
only to upper class Muslims, called
Zamindars; but they were
conservative and hostile to modern
education system.
Factors promoting the formation of Muslim League

Questions Answers
Why British discriminated
Muslims in the recruitment of
Civil and Military services?
British government had consciously
discriminated Muslims; because
they were holding Muslims
responsible for Uprising of 1857.
Hence, Muslims were not recruited
in Civil and Military services.
Why Muslim Community did
not keep up with the modern
trends in social and cultural
spheres?
Muslim Community was proud of
their own literature; hence did not
adopt Western Education system.
Therefore, Muslim community did
not keep up with the trends in
social and cultural spheres.

Questions Answers
Why more Hindus were
getting entry into
Government services
compared to Muslims?
As the Modern Education was
essential to get entry into
Government services; and more
Hindus adopted Western system of
Education compared to Muslims.
Therefore more Hindus got entry in
Government Services.
Who was Sir Sayyid Ahmed
Khan?
Sir Sayyid Ahmed Khan was a great
educationist and social reformer;
and considered Hindus and
Muslims as ‘One Quam’. He founded
Mohammedan Anglo-Oriental
College in Aligarh.

Questions Answers
How Sir Sayyid Ahmad Khan
changed his ‘One Quam’
views?
Sir Sayyid Ahmed Khan under the
influence of the British Principal of
Mohammedan Anglo-Oriental
College changed his views of ‘one
Quam’ in 1880.
Why Sir Sayyid Ahmed Khan
believed that Hindus will
dominate the Muslims in case
of withdrawal of British rule?
Sir Sayyid Ahmed Khan believed
that since the Hindus formed
majority of the Indian population
they would dominate the Muslims
in case of withdrawal of British

Questions Answers
Which rules were considered
of Muslim period by British
Historians?
The Turks; Afghans; and Mughals
rules, who followed Islam as their
religion were considered Muslim
Rules by few British historians.
In Hindu rule period, how
was the Muslim rulers were
considered?
In Hindu period, the Muslim rulers
were considered as foreign invaders
who had settled in India,
How British infused
communal feelings based on
History of India?
Some of the British Historian
portrayed that Hindus considered
their ruler, Maharana Pratap Singh
and Shivaji as national Heroes;
whereas Mughal rulers, Aurangzeb
and Akbar as foreigners.

Questions Answers
‘Indian History was
misinterpreted by some
British Historians’ give two
points
Few British communal Historians –
1. Ignored the notion of a
composite culture; and
2. Failed to interpret that the
diversity in India was class-
wised and region-wise; but not
religion-wise.
How British propagated
communal bias within the
society?
British propagated communal bias
through Poetry; Dramas; Novels;
Short Stories and News Papers, etc.

Questions Answers
What events of Assertive
nationalists annoyed
Muslims?
The event that annoyed Muslims were-
1. Shivaji and Ganpati Festival started by
Tilak
2. Concept of India as a Mother by
Aurobindo Ghosh
3. Anti Partition agitation with dip in
Ganga
Why Indian educated youth
started demanding
reservations based on caste
and religion?
Indian Educated youth demanded
reservation on the basis of caste, because –
1. India lack modern industrial
development; creating acute
unemployment among educated youth.
2. This increased fierce competition among
themselves to secure the few available
jobs .

Questions Answers
Why the Mohammedan
Anglo-Oriental Association
(MAO) was formed?
To counter the growing influence and
popularity of the Congress; British
encouraged Muslims to form MAO.
Write any two objectives of
the Muslim League
Objectives of the Muslim League were
1. To promote, among the Muslims of
India support for the British
government, and
2. To remove any misconceptions
regarding the intention of the
government in relation to Indian
Muslims

Q: Enlist the Factors promoting formation of the Muslim
League
Factors promoting formation of Muslim League were –
1. The loss of Sovereignty by Mughal Rulers.
2. British Policy of Divide and Rule
3. Relative Backwardness of the Muslim community in
Education; Trade & Industry
4. Role of Sir Sayyid Ahmad Khan
5. Erroneous in interpretation of History
6. Rise of Assertive Nationalism
7. Economic Backwardness of the Community.

Q: With the reference to the formation of Muslim League,
discuss – loss of Sovereignty of Mughal rulers.
Loss of Sovereignty of Mughal ruler was one of the factors for
formation of Muslim League; as –
1. British established their supremacy in India after dethroning
Mughal rulers; making Muslims bitter enemies of British; and they
participated in Wahabi Movement to re-establish Mughal rule.
2. The British government continuously discriminated against the
Muslim; holding them responsible for uprising of 1857.
3. After 1870, British changed their attitude and developed
disagreement between two communities; encouraged communal
tension; & helped Muslim League to form

Q: With the reference to the formation of Muslim League,
discuss British Policy of Divide and Rule.
The British Policy of Divide and Rule helped formation of Muslim
League as –
1. After the First War of Independence in 1857; British became
apprehensive about Safety & Stability of their empire in India
2. British saw the unity between Hindus and Muslims as threat
to their empire.
3. Hence, to check the feeling of United Nationalism in India and
to encourage Communal separation; British adopted Divide
and Rule Policy in India.

Q: Discuss the manner in which the Divide and Rule policy was
implemented.
The British used Policy of Divide and Rule to develop communal tension &
separation between Hindu and Muslim –
1. In 1871, Lord Mayo Government introduced Urdu as medium of
instructions for Muslims in primary and secondary schools; &
increased aid to schools run by Muslims.
2. British treated Hindus, Muslims and Sikhs as separate communities &
accepted their communal leaders as authentic representatives.
3. British tried to spread communal hatred through the Press, Posters;
Literature; and Public platform.
4. Justified Bengal partition by convincing Muslims that it was done to
create a New Muslim majority province.
5. Used cast structure to exploit Brahmins against non-Brahmins

Q: With the reference to the Divide and Rule policy discuss –
Relative Backwardness of the Muslim community in
Education; Trade & Industry
Relative backwardness of the Muslims community in Education was one
of the points exploited by British under Divide and Rule Policy; because-
1. Muslims were conservative & hostile to modern education;
therefore very few Muslims were educated in Western education
system.
2. Muslims were discriminated in the recruitment to civil and military
services;
3. Muslims were relatively less involved in the growth of any organized
industry.
4. Muslims did not keep up with the modern trends in social and
cultural sphere.

Role of Sir Sayyid Ahmad Khan.
1. Sir Sayyid Ahmed Khan was a great educationist and social reformer;
and considered Hindus and Muslims as ‘One Quam’.
2. He founded Mohammedan Anglo-Oriental Collage’ (MAO), at Aligarh.
3. Under the influence of the Principal of MAO Collage; he changed his
views of ‘One Quam’ in 1880.
4. He founded ‘United Indian Patriotic Association’ in 1888 to oppose
Congress; which was supported by the Principal of MAO Collage; whose
idea was Anglo-Muslim unity is possible but unity of Hindu-Muslims is
impossible.
5. He felt that having British rule was a “guarantee for the welfare and
progress of the Muslim.” Hence, asked educated Muslims to support the
British, so that they would be rewarded by government jobs.

wrong interpretation of Indian History.
1. Some British and communal historians divided Indian history into
the Hindu and the Muslim periods.
2. Hindu rulers like Maharana Pratap and Shivaji portrayed Muslim
rulers, Akabar and Aurangzeb as foreigners.
3. Some communal historians highlighted the myth that Indian
society and culture was at great height in ancient time; but
declined during medieval Mughal period.
4. The British & communal historians ignored the notion of a
composite culture in India. They failed to interpret that the
diversity was primarily class-wise and region-wise and not
religion-wise.

Q: With reference to the Divide and Rule policy discuss –
Rise of Assertive Nationalism.
1. The speeches and actions of some of the assertive
nationalists annoyed some sections of Indians.
2. The propagation of Shivaji and Ganpati Festival by Tilak;
the concept of India as a mother by Aurobindo Ghosh;
and taking dip in Ganga to protest Partition of Bengal –
were not accepted by some of the Muslims.

Q: With the reference to the Divide and Rule policy discuss
– Economic Backwardness of the society.
1. Due to the British colonial policies, India lack modem
industrial development; which lead to acute
unemployment among the educated youth; and fierce
competition among them.
2. Hence; people started demanding reservations on the
basis of caste; creed and religion.
3. British used this opportunity to push their divide and
rule policy.

Q: Enlist the Events leading to the formation of the Muslim
League.
1. The Hindi – Urdu Controversy.
2. Formation of Mohammedan Anglo-Oriental
Association.
3. The Aligarh Politics
4. Partition of Bengal
5. Muslim deputation to the Viceroy, Lord Minto
Events leading to the formation of Muslim League

Q: What was the Hindi-Urdu controversy that led to
formation of Muslim League? .
1. In Uttar Pradesh Urdu was the court language; and all
the petitions to the court was submitted in Urdu.
2. Some sections of the society objected this practice.
3. In 1900, the Government instructed that petition can be
submitted in Hindi, Devnagri script; and Court summon
official announcements in Hindi and Urdu.
4. Muslims oppose this summons & agitated against it.
Events leading to the formation of Muslim League

Q: What were the objectives of Muslim League? .
The Aims and Objectives of the Muslim League were –
1. To promote, among the Muslims of India, support for the
British government, and to remove any misconceptions
regarding the intention of the government in relation to Indian
Muslims.
2. To protect and advance the political rights and interests of the
Muslims and to represent their needs and aspirations to the
government in mild and moderate language.
3. To prevent the rise of feelings of hostility between the
Muslims of India and other communities.
Aims and Objectives of the Muslim League

Questions Answers
“Policies of Muslim League to
some extend weakened
nationalist sentiment -
explain
Formation and Policies of Muslim
League weakened Nationalists
movement as –
1. British welcomed formation of
Muslim League and supported the
League to provide an opposition to
Congress.
2. British supported the objective that
Muslim interests were different
from those of Hindus.
How British created rift
between Congress and
Muslim League
To please Muslims the demand of
separate electorate was intentionally
incorporated in Morley-Minto
Reforms in 1906; to create rift
between League and Congress.
Impact of Muslim League on National Movement

Questions Answers
Name the Muslim Scholars
influenced by Deoband school of
Muslim studies and inspired by
Nationalist sentiment?
Muslim Scholars influenced by Deoband
school of Muslim studies and inspired
by Nationalist sentiment were –
1. Maulana Abdul Kalam Azad
2. Habibur Rahman
3. Hakim Ajmal Khan
4. Mazhar-ul-Haq
How Congress supported
League?
The Congress cooperated with
Muslim League in Khilafat Movement ;
and this issue was included as one of
the demands of the Non-Cooperation
Movement.

Questions Answers
‘The Partition of the Country on
communal lines’ – explain
• The communal divide continued.
• The League raised first its demand
for separate Pakistan in 1930 .
• In 1940 sessions of League at Lahore.
Mohammad Ali Jinnah put forward
his two-nation theory.
• Thus despite a sever opposition from
Gandhiji, the country drifted towards
partition.

Q: With reference to the Impact of Muslim League,
describe the League’s Role in the beginning.
1. The League had separate entity; and initially stood apart form
the National Movement.
2. League sort greater representations of Muslims in all the
services; including representations in Assemblies.
3. Political Activities of League were directed not so much
against foreign rules; but were against Congress.
4. The top leaders of Muslim League did not fight for the
grievances of mass Muslims.

Q: Describe the reasons for the Phase of Rapprochement within
the Muslim League.
Some of the new leaders of Muslim League realized the rapprochement
with congress was desirable; because of –
1. Britain’s hostility to Turkey in the Turko-Italian War; and Balkan
wars made large sections of Muslim critical on British Policies
2. The annulment of Partition of Bengal in 1911, was seen as
detrimental to the interests of Muslims in India.
3. The younger Muslim leaders disliked the loyalist politics of the
Aligarh group and the leadership of big Nawabs and Zamindars.
4. Some young scholars influenced by Deoband School of Muslim
studies were inspired by Nationalist sentiments.

The muslim-league

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