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Pourquoi ? Fukushima 1
Fukushima 2
Fukushima 3
Fukushima 4 Un site excavéadossé à unecolline ; les ouvragesd’eau et les sales des machines vont amplifier la vague
Un site excavéadossé à unecolline Fukushima 5
BWR : les principes Fukushima 6
Un réacteurinstallétrès haut (instrumentation par le bas) Fukushima 7
L’installationélevéeest un handicap vis-à-vis du séisme, le concepteurestincité à réduire le niveau de  la plateforme ; stockage combustible dans le BR Fukushima 8
Browns Ferry montre les dimensions Fukushima 9
ReactorCore Isolation CoolingSystem 20 m3/mn No electricalsupply Fukushima 10
Injection de sécurité – Aspersion enceintesont des ystèmes de sûreté ; alimentation électriquesecoure –  maisdéfaillante Fukushima 11
Le tsunami Planches suivantes à voirimpérativement en mode Diaporama Extrait d’un film pris par un ingénieur General Electric qui s’estmis à l’abri à l’annonce du tsunami On voitque la centrale a amplifié la vague de tsunami Ouvragesd’eau à l’amont “mur” constitué par les  s alles  des machines Colline  à laquelle les sallles des machines  étaientadossées Fukushima 12
Fukushima 13
Fukushima 14 Calage des installations – les unités 5 & 6 étaient plus hautes de 3m : le concepteur se doutaitquel’implantation 1 à 4 étaitbasse…
Fukushima 15
Calage des installations – les unités 5 & 6 étaient plus hautes de 3m : le concepteur se doutaitquel’implantation 1 à 4 étaitbasse… Fukushima 16
La zone inondée La slide suivantemontre la carte de la zone inondée L(excavation des installations les a mises en situation de noyage Fukushima 17
Construiresur le bedrock Fukushima 18
Le développement de l’accident Les slides suivantesmontrent le développement de l’accident Préparées par le Dr Braun (Areva Gmbh) A voir en mode Diaporama Fukushima 19
Reactor Service Floor(Steel Construction) Concrete Reactor Building(secondary Containment) Reactor Core Reactor Pressure Vessel Containment (Dry well) Containment (Wet Well) / Condensation Chamber  Spend Fuel Pool Fresh Steam line Main Feedwater Fukushima 20
11.3.2011 14:46 - Earthquake ,[object Object]
Power grid in northern Japan fails
Reactors itself are mainly undamagedSCRAM ,[object Object]
Heat generation due to radioactive Decay of Fission Products
After Scram          ~6%
After 1 Day           ~1%
After 5 Days         ~0.5%Fukushima 21
Containment Isolation ,[object Object]
Cuts off Machine hall
If containment isolation succeeds, a large early release of fission products is highly unlikelyDiesel generators start ,[object Object],Plant is in a stable save state Fukushima 22
11.3. 15:41 Tsunami hits the plant ,[object Object]
Actual Tsunami height >7m
Flooding of
Diesel Generators and/or
Essential service water building cooling the generatorsStation Blackout ,[object Object]
Only Batteries are still available
Failure of all but one Emergency core cooling systems Fukushima 23
The Fukushima Daiichi Incident2. Accident progression Reactor Core Isolation Pump still available ,[object Object]
Steam gets condensed in the Wet-Well
Turbine drives a Pump
Water from the Wet-Well gets pumped in Reactor
Necessary:
Battery power
Temperature in the wet-well must be below 100°CAs there is no heat removal from the building, the Core isolation pump cant work infinitely Fukushima 24
Reactor Isolation pump stops ,[object Object]
14.3. 13:25 in Unit 2(Pump failure)
13.3. 2:44 in Unit 3 (Batteries empty)Decay Heat produces still steam in Reactor pressure Vessel ,[object Object],Opening the steam relieve valves ,[object Object],Descending of the Liquid Level in the Reactor pressure vessel Fukushima 25
Reactor Isolation pump stops ,[object Object]
14.3. 13:25 in Unit 2(Pump failure)
13.3. 2:44 in Unit 3 (Batteries empty)Decay Heat produces still steam in Reactor pressure Vessel ,[object Object],Opening the steam relieve valves ,[object Object],Descending of the Liquid Level in the Reactor pressure vessel Fukushima 26
The Fukushima Daiichi Incident2. Accident progression Reactor Isolation pump stops ,[object Object]
14.3. 13:25 in Unit 2(Pump failure)
13.3. 2:44 in Unit 3 (Batteries empty)Decay Heat produces still steam in Reactor pressure Vessel ,[object Object],Opening the steam relieve valves ,[object Object],Descending of the Liquid Level in the Reactor pressure vessel Fukushima 27
Reactor Isolation pump stops ,[object Object]
14.3. 13:25 in Unit 2(Pump failure)
13.3. 2:44 in Unit 3 (Batteries empty)Decay Heat produces still steam in Reactor pressure Vessel ,[object Object],Opening the steam relieve valves ,[object Object],Descending of the Liquid Level in the Reactor pressure vessel Fukushima 28
Reactor Isolation pump stops ,[object Object]
14.3. 13:25 in Unit 2(Pump failure)
13.3. 2:44 in Unit 3 (Batteries empty)Decay Heat produces still steam in Reactor pressure Vessel ,[object Object],Opening the steam relieve valves ,[object Object],Descending of the Liquid Level in the Reactor pressure vessel Fukushima 29
The Fukushima Daiichi Incident2. Accident progression Measured, and here referenced Liquid level is the collapsed level. The actual liquid level lies higher due to the steam bubbles in the liquid ~50% of the core exposed ,[object Object],~2/3 of the core exposed ,[object Object]

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Accident de fukushima