The document discusses infectious diseases and how vaccination can prevent them. It defines a pathogen as a microorganism that causes disease and lists bacteria and viruses as examples. It describes how bacteria and viruses can enter the body and cause infectious diseases. It then explains how vaccinations work by exposing the body to inactive or dead forms of pathogens to allow the immune system to develop antibodies and memory cells to quickly fight off future infections without causing illness.
1. Infectious diseases
WALT: To understand how
vaccination can be used to prevent
some diseases.
WILF:
State what a pathogen is and name
examples. (PASS)
Describe how bacteria and viruses can
cause infectious disease. (MERIT)
Explain how vaccinations can be used
to prevent infection. (DISTINCTION)
Keywords
Pathogen
Bacteria
Virus
Vaccine
Memory
cells
2. What is a pathogen?
A microorganism
that causes an
infectious
disease.
They can be:
~ a bacteria
~ a virus
E.Coli
Influenza
5. Food may contain
food poisoning
bacteria like
salmonella.
The HIV can be transferred
through body fluids via
sexual intercourse or
sharing of syringes.
Influenza and cold
viruses can be spread
through the air through
coughs and sneezes.
Houseflies can pass the
dysentery bacteria from
human faeces to food.
Water may
contain
bacteria
that may
cause
cholera.
6. So a pathogen has managed to beat all our
defences, what happens next?
Our immune system is ready to fight!
Our immune system is
made up of different
types of white blood
cells.
7. At the site of the
infection…
White blood cells
that are ready and
waiting.
They can pull
(engulf) pathogens
inside them and
digest them.
Bacteria White blood
cell
8. In your blood…
If the microbes don’t all
get killed, your next line
of defence
is launched –
These zoom round in
antibodies.
your blood like
Antibodies are
guided missiles until
produced by
they lock onto their
special white
target
blood cells called
(pathogen), making
B cells.
it easier to be
10. … antibodies only last a few days,
but memory cells, which remember
how to make them, last a lifetime.
These make antibodies
so quickly that the
microbes are all
destroyed before
they can make you ill.
11. People can become immune against a pathogen through
vaccination.
Vaccination involves putting a small amount of an
inactive form of a pathogen, or dead pathogen, into the
body. When injected into the body, they stimulate B cells
to produce antibodies against the pathogen and
produces memory cells.
Different vaccines are needed for different pathogens.
12. Task: Create a storyboard or
flow chart showing how
vaccines work.
Memory cells remain in
the blood in case you
later become infected.
White blood cells produce
antibodies, which attach to
the pathogen.
Patient is injected
with an inactive
pathogen, this is
the vaccine.
Following the
antibodies being
made, memory
cells are then
made.
The patient is now immune.
14. Find your answer! (Or
question!)
Talk to each
Find the person
who has your
matching question
OR answer.
Found them? Come
up to the front!
other!
15. How a pathogen can enter
the body?
Example?
Bacteria or
virus?
How a pathogen can enter
the body?
Salmonella
Example?
Bacteria or
virus?
Salmonella
Contaminated water.
Contaminated water.
Transferred through body
fluids, for example…
Transferred through body
fluids, for example…
Influenza (flu)
Influenza (flu)
Houseflies landing on
faeces and then onto food.
How a pathogen can enter
the body?
Houseflies landing on
faeces and then onto food.
Example?
Bacteria or
virus?
How a pathogen can enter
the body?
Salmonella
Example?
Salmonella
Contaminated water.
Contaminated water.
Transferred through body
fluids, for example…
Transferred through body
fluids, for example…
Influenza (flu)
Houseflies landing on
faeces and then onto food.
Influenza (flu)
Houseflies landing on
faeces and then onto food.
Bacteria or
virus?
Hinweis der Redaktion
Pupils only need to know about bacteria and viruses however I think it is worth mentioning about the presence of fungi and protozoa as other forms of pathogens.
Recall classification: prokaryotes, no nucleus.
Create a table showing method, example and type of pathogen.