Photovoltaics and LED lighting

1. PhotovoltaicsUsing the sun to generate electricity

2. PV power for off-shore navigational aids eliminates trips to and from shore to refill generators with fossil fuels.

3. Solar-powered water pumps are very efficient and cost-effective in agricultural applications like this system in Kansas.

4. Many utility companies in the U.S. are turning to large PV systems to help meet peak power demand and reduce the need for building new power plants.

5. In 1987, the Swiss government started a program to mount PV arrays on a sound barrier along a main motorway.

6. Solar Roofing Shingles

7. Solar CarportNavy Installation – San Diego, California

8. LESS PUBLICIZED USES FOR PV

9. Maybe no uses are as dramatic and important as the portable PV panels and small refrigerators carried around Africa on the backs of camels.

10. Refrigerators like this, carried on the backs of camels and powered by PV panels, allow vaccines to be kept in good condition and transported to remote villages where medicines are needed.

11. Another farm application – keeping animals where they belong, behind PV-electrified fence chargers.

12. A PV-powered police car in Zermatt, Switzerland. Only electric, solar-powered, or horse-drawn vehicles are allowed in this quaint town in the Alps.

13. Roof Integrated PV (objects below chimney are solar hot water collectors)

14. LED Lighting Technology Now THE FUTURE OF LIGHTING TODAY

15. The first known report of a light-emitting solid-state diode was made in 1907 by the British experimenter H. J. Round. The first practical LED was invented by Nick Holonyak, Jr., in 1962 while he was at General Electric Company. The first LEDs became commercially available in late 1960s, and were red. They were commonly used as replacements for incandescent indicators, and in seven-segment displays, first in expensive equipment such as laboratory and electronics test equipment, then later in such appliances as TVs, radios, telephones, calculators, and even watches. These red LEDs were bright enough only for use as indicators, as the light output was not enough to illuminate an area. Later, other colors became widely available and also appeared in appliances and equipment. As the LED materials technology became more advanced, the light output was increased, and LEDs became bright enough to be used for illumination.Most LEDs were made in the very common 5 mm T1-3/4 and 3 mm T1 packages, but with higher power, it has become increasingly necessary to get rid of the heat, so the packages have become more complex and adapted for heat dissipation. Packages for state-of-the-art high power LEDs bear little resemblance to early LEDs.

16. APPLICATIONS

17. HOUSEHOLD TO PARKING LOTS

18. THIS REPLACES THE CODE REQUIRED ELECTRONIC BALLAST 4 PIN FLUORESCENT RECESSED FIXTURE IN THE NEW TITLE 24

19. TODAYS THERE ARE MANY USES FOR THIS LIGHTING

20. THE ACORN PENDANT LIGHT

21. DIRECTIONAL LIGHT

26. Los Angeles County Natural History Museum

27. Through these technologies we can reduce our energy demand and consumption. Photovoltaics can ease the demand on the current grid and reduce brown outs and disruptions we currently experience with the antiquated systems in use today. People considering PV should also note that reducing your consumption by as little as 1 kwh (1000 watts) per month can reduce the price of PV as much as $7000.00 for your home. So by reducing your consumption and conserving energy you can help yourself and the world one system at a time. Use electronic dimmers, occupancy sensors , vacancy sensors, and energy efficient light can make the difference in our world.

28. Let’s Keep This Alive For Our Children and Their Children