The document discusses several key events from the Late Middle Ages in Europe: 1) The Avignon Papacy from 1309-1376 saw seven popes reside in Avignon, France rather than Rome, weakening papal authority. 2) The Black Death plague of 1347-1351 killed an estimated 1/3 to 2/3 of Europe's population through bubonic, pneumonic, and septicemic plague spread by fleas on rats. 3) The Hundred Years' War between England and France from 1337-1453 saw victories by the English at battles like Crecy and Agincourt through the use of the longbow against French knights.

1. Pagsasara ng Gitnang
Panahon

2. Labanan ng Papa at ng Hari
Boniface VIII
• Bilang Supreme Pontiff, mas
mataas siya sa lahat ng hari.
• Ang kaparian ay walang
karapatan na makialam sa
mga batas.
• Pagbabawal na patawan ng
buwis at huliin ang kaparian
hangang walang paalam sa
Santo Papa.

3. Avignon Papacy (1309-1376)
• Panahon kung saan pitong Santo Papa ang nanirahan sa Avignon.
• Nagsimula ang lahat matapos mahalal na Papa ang isang Pranses
na si Clement V, noong 1309. Siya ay nanirahan sa Pransya, at
inilipat ang pamahalaan ng Simbahan sa Avignon, kung saan ito
nanatiling sa susunod na 67 taon. Tinawag itong "Babylonian
Captivity of the Papacy.” Pitong Papa, lahat Pranses, ang
nanirahan sa lampas 70 taon.

4. • Clement V

6. • Nagkagulo lahat ng mahalal ang isang Italyano
bilang papa si Urban VI. Matapos ang ilang
buwan nagiba ang pananaw ng mga kardinal
sa kaniya, dahil gusto niya ng Reporma.
• Ang Kolehiyo ng mga Kardinal na karamihan ay
Pranses ay inihalal si Kardinal Robert mula sa
Geneva bilang Papa na kinuha ang pangalang
Clement VII, at nanirahan siya sa Avignon.

7. • Avignon France, Aragon, Castile and
León, Cyprus, Burgundy, Savoy, Naples, and Scotland recognized
the Avignon claimant;
• Rome Denmark, England, Flanders, the Holy Roman
Empire, Hungary, Ireland (English
Dominion), Norway, Poland, Sweden, Republic of Venice, and
other City States of northern Italy,

9. • Sa kalaunan ang mga kardinal ng ay nagkasundo nakasundo at
isang Konseho sa Pisa ang ipinatawag upang subukan ang
paglutas ng pagtatalo, ngunit ito ay dumagdagdag sa problema sa
pamamagitan ng pagpili ng isa pang antipope, Alexander V (isang
Griyego) pagpanaw niya noong 1410, nahalal si John XXIII.

10. • Ipinatawag ng Emperador ang Council of
Constance upang resolbahin ang
problema. Ang Papa sa Roma na si
Gregory XII ay nagbitiw noong
1415, samantalang ang dalawa ay pinilit
paalisin.
• Nahalal si Papa Martin Vi bilang bagong
papa. Noong 1417.

12. The Black Death
1347-1351

13. Coming out of the East, the Black Death
reached the shores of Italy in the spring
of 1347 unleashing a rampage of death
across Europe unprecedented in
recorded history. By the time the
epidemic played itself out three years
later, anywhere between one and two
thirds of Europe's population had fallen
victim to the pestilence.

14. The Origins
Usually thought to have started in China or Central
Asia, it had reached the trade city of Caffa by 1346
and from there, black rats carried it onto merchant
ships. It then spread throughout the
Mediterranean and ravaged Europe.

16. The Culprits

18. What Was the Black
Death?
The Black Death is categorized into three specific
types of plague caused by the same
bacteria, yersinia pestis:
- Bubonic Plague (infection in the lymph nodes, or
buboes)
- Pneumonic Plague (the infection in the lungs)
- Septicemic Plague (the infection in the blood [also
the most deadly of the three])

19. Bubonic Plague
The bubonic plague was the most commonly seen
form during the Black Death. The classic sign of
bubonic plague was the appearance of buboes in
the groin, the neck and armpits, which oozed
black pus and bled.

20. Bubonic Plague

21. Bubonic Plague

23. How Did It Spread?
In towns and cities people lived very close
together. The filth that littered streets and
gave rats the perfect environment to breed
and increase their numbers. Having no defense
and no understanding to the cause of the
pestilence, the men, women and children
caught in its onslaught were
bewildered, panicked, and finally devastated.

24. Path of the Plague
The plague traveled on trade routes and
caravans. Its path of death was generally
from south to north and east to west
passing through
Italy, France, England, Germany, Denmark,
Sweden, Poland, Finland, and eventually
reaching as far as Greenland..

27. Efforts to Stop the
Plague
Cities were hardest hit. In crowded cities, it was
not uncommon for as much as fifty percent of
the population to die.
Although governments had medical workers try
to prevent the plague, the plague persisted.
Most medical workers quit and journeyed
away because they feared getting the plague
themselves.

28. Efforts to Stop the
Plague
There were; however, methods that did
work. For example, in Milan, city officials
immediately walled up houses found to
have the plague. Venice took sophisticated
and stringent quarantine and health
measures, including isolating all incoming
ships on a separate island.

29. Plague Doctors

30. Monks in the Black
Plague
Many people also turned
to the monasteries
where the well
educated and always
helpful monks would
try to care for the sick.
This in turn infected
monks and they began
to die off as well.

31. The Death Toll
At best, it can be estimated that between
1/3 and 2/3 of European population were
decimated by the disease.
(25-50 million people out of 75 million)

33. Jews and the Black
Plague
Because Jews were less
susceptible to the Black
Plague than their neighbors
(likely the result of Jewish
ritual regarding personal
hygiene), Jews were accused
of poisoning Christian
wells, were thought to be the
source of the plague.

35. 100 Years War
• Edward III of England–
inaangkin ang trono ng
Pransiya.
• Ang England ay may
mga teritoryo na
napapasailalim sa
France at kaalayado ang
mga taga-Burgundy at
Flanders

36. Phillip IV “the Fair”
(king of France)
Isabelle King Edward II
(king of England)
King Edward III
(king of England)
Edward III =apo ni Philip

38. No Way! Say French
• Naniniwala ang mga Pranses sa Male
Primogeniture (oldest son would
inherit the entire estate of his
parents (or nearest ancestor), and, if
there was no male heir, the
daughters would take (receive the
property) in equal shares.) Dahil ang
pag-aangkin ni Edward ay nagmula sa
Babae, hindi siya maari maging hari ng
mga pranses.

39. English Victories
• Crecy (1346),
• Poitiers (1356)
• Agincourt (1415)
• New Technology – The
Longbow

40. The English Longbow
• Long, hand-drawn bow
used in medieval Europe
• Could easily penetrate a
four inch oak door – or the
armor of a French knight.
• Used successfully at
Crecy, Poitiers, and
Agincourt.

41. The Battle of Crecy
(How to lose a battle in 3 hours)
1) English (blue) on hill
2) Marshy ground in front of
English
3) French send in Italian
mercenaries
4) English Longbows cut down
Italians
5) Italians retreat
6) French run over Italians to get
at British.
7) Marshy ground slows up
French
8) Longbows cut down French
9) Repeat the process until
French army is destroyed
10) Rebuild army and come back
to do the same exact thing 10
years later at Poiters – and again
at Agincourt.

42. Joan of Arc
• 1429
• The voice of God told sent this 17-
year old peasant girl to save
France
• Meets France’s boy king (the
Dauphin)
• Given and army
• Defeats the English
• Battle of Orleans

43. •Joan is captured by English allies
•Joan is tried by the Church as a
heretic
•Burnt at the stake May 1431

44. Results of the War
• England lost all of its continental
possessions, except Calais
• French farmland was devastated
• $$$
• Population declined
• Growth of nationalism

45. More Effects
• Power In England moves
toward Parliament and away
from king
• French Kings more powerful
• Longbow and Cannon
Changed defenses
• Beginning of the end of the
Feudal System