Presentation from Day 2 of the CALLing on Ethiopia workshop at ASTU in Adama, Ethiopia.

1. CALLing on
Ethiopia:
Computer Assisted
Language Learning
at Adama
University Sarah Guth, University
Language Center
Day 2:
Francesca Helm, Dept. of
Teaching Culture Political Science
through CALL
University of Padova, Italy

2. 2 31/10/2012
Do you agree?
Language teaching can no longer make do with
focusing on the target language and target
countries – and on cultures as territorially defined
phenomena. […] Apart from developing the
students‟ communicative (dialogic) competence
in the target language, language teaching ought
also as far as possible to enable students to
develop into multilingually and multiculturally
aware world citizens.
(Risager, 2007 p. 1)
CALLing on Ethiopia, Sarah Guth and
Francesca Helm

3. 3 31/10/2012
What does „culture‟ mean?
 In small groups come up with a definition
of the word „culture‟.
CALLing on Ethiopia, Sarah Guth and
Francesca Helm

4. 4 31/10/2012
US definition of „culture‟?
 The Standards for Foreign Language Learning developed by the
American Council on the Teaching of Foreign Languages (National
Standards in Foreign Language Education Project, 1996)
 5 C‟s for foreign language learning:
 Communication
 Connections
 Comparisons
 Communities
 Culture
 The „Culture‟ standard, or the three Ps of culture: practices, perspectives
and products
 practices refer to “patterns of behavior accepted by a society and deal with
aspects of culture such as rites of passage, the use of forms of discourse, the
social „pecking order‟, and the use of space” and derive from
 perspectives, which are “the traditional ideas and attitudes [...] of a culture” ( p.
50)
 products can be tangible or intangible, but it is important for students to be
aware that whatever form a product takes, “[...] its presence within the culture
is required or justified by the underlying beliefs and values (perspectives) of that
culture” (p. 51). CALLing on Ethiopia, Sarah Guth and
Francesca Helm

5. 5 31/10/2012
EU definition of „culture‟?
 the Common European Framework of Reference (CEFR)
(Council of Europe, 2001) aims to provide a European
standard for the teaching and assessment of foreign
languages in order to promote mobility throughout the
multicultural, multilingual European Union. In this
document, the key to developing plurilingualism and
pluricultural competence is know whatThe document
Do you interculturality. the
states that in learning a foreign language:
 CEFR, or Common
“the learner does not simply acquire two distinct, unrelated
ways of acting and communicating. The language learner
European Framework of
becomes plurilingual and develops interculturality. The linguistic
and cultural competences in respect of each language are
Reference, is?
modified by knowledge of the other and contribute to
intercultural awareness, skills and know-how. They enable the
individual to develop an enriched, more complex personality
and an enhanced capacity for further language learning and
greater openness to new cultural experiences.” (p. 43)
CALLing on Ethiopia, Sarah Guth and
Francesca Helm

6. 6 31/10/2012
Intercultural Competence
 Notion of intercultural competence originally
developed within the context of the world of
business, e.g. Hofstede‟s cultural dimensions
to enable business people to work effectively
with people from other cultures.
 Hofstede developed 4 dimensions to
characterize national cultures:
 Power distance (PDI)
 Individualism (IDV)
 Masculinity/Femininity (MAS)
 Uncertainty Avoidance (UAI)
CALLing on Ethiopia, Sarah Guth and
Francesca Helm

7. 7 31/10/2012
Hofstede‟s Dimensions
 Power distance (PDI): H=4, L=2
 the extent to which the less powerful members of institutions and
organisations within a country expect and accept that power is
distributed unequally
 Individualism (IDV): H=0, L=6
 In Individualist societies people are supposed to look after themselves
and their direct family only. In Collectivist societies people belong to
„in groups‟ that take care of them in exchange for loyalty.How do you t
 Masculinity/Femininity (MAS): H=6, L=0 Ethiopia will ra
 A high score (masculine) = society will be driven by competition,
these dimensi
achievement and success, with success being defined by the winner /
best in field; a low score (feminine) = the dominant values in society or low
High
are caring for others and quality of life
 Uncertainty Avoidance (UAI): H=3, L=3
 the way that a society deals with the fact that the future can never be
known: should we try to control the future or just let it happen? This
ambiguity brings with it anxiety and different cultures have learnt to
deal with this anxiety in different ways.
CALLing on Ethiopia, Sarah Guth and
Francesca Helm

8. 8 31/10/2012
CALLing on Ethiopia, Sarah Guth and
Francesca Helm
http://geert-hofstede.com/countries.html

9. 9 31/10/2012
Critical Analysis
 Does this fit with what you think and feel
about your country?
 What might the limitations to this
approach be?
CALLing on Ethiopia, Sarah Guth and
Francesca Helm

10. 10 31/10/2012
Intercultural Communicative Competence
 Michael Byram (1997) expanded on this concept within the
context of foreign language learning and moved beyond
simply „intercultural competence‟ to „intercultural
communicative competence‟.
 In other words, Byram‟s model of ICC places importance on
the communicative aspect of intercultural competence
CALLing on Ethiopia, Sarah Guth and
Francesca Helm

11. 11 31/10/2012
a culture? the culture?
 these documents refer to:
 „a culture‟, „the culture‟, „that culture‟ and
'target culture'
 this reflects a notion which is popular in many L2
teaching and learning contexts where one
language is still considered to equal one culture
and where culture is associated with a nation
(e.g. French culture is that of France)
 Do you feel like you could say there is a
culture or the culture in Ethiopia?
CALLing on Ethiopia, Sarah Guth and
Francesca Helm

12. 12 31/10/2012
Does language = culture?
 In strong versions of this 'national' paradigm,
the standard language of the native speaker
is idealized and the language learner is seen
as aspiring to the native model including
what is considered to be appropriate
behavior in the target culture. This process of
acculturation assumes that there is indeed a
standard language and, consequently, a
standard culture.
 Do you feel you could say there is „a‟
language and „a‟ culture in Ethiopia?
CALLing on Ethiopia, Sarah Guth and
Francesca Helm

13. 13 31/10/2012
Does this make more sense?
 New paradigms such as English as a Lingua
Franca (Seidlhofer, 2009) and the
transnational paradigm (Risager, 2007)
challenge this native speaker model and
place the learner in a local and/or global
context, not the target, national context.
 L2 learners, who are complex, often
multilingual subjects with multiple identities,
appropriate the language(s) and cultures
studied in a way that they find comfortable,
without losing or disguising their original
identity/ies.
CALLing on Ethiopia, Sarah Guth and
Francesca Helm

14. 14 31/10/2012
Is English the future?
 “monoglot English graduates face a
bleak eonomoic future as qualified
multilingual youngsters from other
countries are proving to have a
competitive advantage over their British
counterparts” (Graddol)
 What advantages do you think you and
your students might have over native
speakers of English in an ever-globalized
world?
CALLing on Ethiopia, Sarah Guth and
Francesca Helm

15. 15 31/10/2012
Krachu‟s 3 circles: do you agree?
CALLing on Ethiopia, Sarah Guth and
Francesca Helm

16. 16 31/10/2012
What role does EFL play in Ethiopia?
 We don‟t know, so we ask you:
 English (at least for now) is the language of
international communication and research – is this
relevant to your students?
 What role does Jamaican English (Patwa) or other
types of English play in schools in Ethiopia?
 What role do different „Englishes‟ play in Ethiopian
society? Patwa? Indian English? British English? US
English?
 Do people react differently depending on the
„English‟ people use?
 Is any specific „English‟ regarded as more
important than others? If so, how can you fight
this?
CALLing on Ethiopia, Sarah Guth and
Francesca Helm

17. 17 31/10/2012
What about ELF?
 What‟s ELF? – English as a Lingua Franca:
 Situations in which English is used as the language
of communication, but the majority, or all, of the
participants are non-native speakers of English.
 This is becoming more and more commonplace
both in „spare time‟ where people participate in
conversations on social networks, using English to
communicate their ideas.
 If the English is not accurate, but effective from a
communicative point of view, do we still promote
it?
CALLing on Ethiopia, Sarah Guth and
Francesca Helm

18. 18 31/10/2012
Just a few questions before we break…
 What does culture learning entail besides acquiring
knowledge?
 What impact have the Internet and Web 2.0 had on
languages and cultures?
 How do you think the Internet can be used to integrate
culture learning into the language classroom?
 How aware do you think students are of their own cultural
identity and the influence of language and location (be it
physical or online) on their culture?
 What considerations do teachers need to take into
account when planning to use CALL for culture and
language teaching?
 What skills and competencies do teachers and learners
need to engage in culture learning through CALL?
CALLing on Ethiopia, Sarah Guth and
Francesca Helm

19. 19 31/10/2012
Afternoon workshop
 First,
let‟s see what you think:
Word Associations
 Go to this site and write down the first 1-5
words that come to mind. If you can do it
in English, please do so, if not do it in your
native language and we can translate.
CALLing on Ethiopia, Sarah Guth and
Francesca Helm

20. 20 31/10/2012
CALLing on Ethiopia, Sarah Guth and
Francesca Helm

21. 21 31/10/2012
Word association task
- compare the responses
- are they similar or not?
- What words appear more frequently in one
list rather than another?
- What words appear only in one list?
- Do these words generate positive, negative
or neutral associations?
CALLing on Ethiopia, Sarah Guth and
Francesca Helm

22. 22 army 31/10/2012
ITALY GERMANY JORDAN USA
war, nation, war, Jews killing Strong
death Jews power Brave
safety, Conflict the power of forceful, brave
Afghanistan, weapons state money
death Jesus just a name war, killing,
violenza "God's chosen Liberation bombs, death,
duty, courage, people", dead Power Overextended
war sea security, border
today wars are bible Japan
useless Jews, Muslims, israeli Army
War Christians killing people in
military, Jerusalem Gaza
organization, trouble War,
war difficult subject power,security
soldier,war for Germans
Error
uniform,
general
Danger, CALLing on Ethiopia, Sarah Guth and
exploitation Francesca Helm
necessary

23. 23 discrimination 31/10/2012
ITALY GERMANY JORDAN USA
loneliness, blacks, Bush blacks and
ingiustizia attack, awful whites
North, South segregation very bad thing Acts of hatred
racism,violence habits, Destruction bad,
ignorance tradition, USA, Israel unnecessary
prejudice rights black, Muslims immigration,
Racism-Sexual prejudice black and Colombia
apartheid happens to white police, anti-
racism often United Nations semitism,
immigrants mobbing, the worst thing- genocide
age, nationality prejudices ---bad people - unjust
gender being gay/ ----vanity-
immigrants, women
women Nazi regime,
social and Martin Luther
economic one King
Stadium stupid,
Women Blacks understanding
Weak
CALLing on Ethiopia, Sarah Guth and
Francesca Helm

24. 24 education 31/10/2012
ITALY GERMANY JORDAN USA
University, school school, learn, great university
University, family childhood important college
school, teacher school, teacher, good future Important
teachers books what we have in smart, intelligent,
knowledges university, school the future necessary
School-Family- Study fees Future necessary, time-
Study important My passport consuming
school university way to broaden university,compute diploma
scuola, famiglia one´s horizon r Advancement
culture growth possibilities, my university
enrichment children knowledge
graduation Job, Chances, soul food
Riforma Gelmini, Money understanding life
pochi soldi hard work, smartpeople
polite, teaching, knowledge,
respect basics for
becoming a
socialized person,
great opportunity CALLing on Ethiopia, Sarah Guth and
Francesca Helm

25. 25 identity 31/10/2012
ITALY GERMANY JORDAN USA
culture, names, nationlity, country Palestinian person
style id-card land myself
individual, langugae, culture important thing Unique
country, habits Private just a name true, me
nationality,religion character, culture, Islam confidence
personal attitude, moral Islam name, image,
character culture friends, family, Palestinian, Self
background things I like culture,name
Culture-Personality Nationality, Palestine
multi Cultural Jordanaian Arab
what I am Background,
name, character Language
myself,trademark searching for it
Culture culture, history,
document, experience
national part of one´s
card personality,
I.D Card flexibility CALLing on Ethiopia, Sarah Guth and
changing Francesca Helm

26. 26 immigration 31/10/2012
ITALY GERMANY JORDAN USA
different culture, difficulty travel, new beginning lebanees Mexico
integration, Padua, problems, integration homeless my ancesters
cultures
me bad idea Jobs
culture,boats
refuge wars ellis island who think that the hard-working, smart
too many cultural differences other world is the United States,
problemi,scontri di idee, Turkish people best discrimination
discriminazione welcome forced day labor
crime, integration, America Looking for another legal?
integrazione, forza lavoro
integration, minorities chance
non-Eu citizen, Albanian,
integration integration, culture illegal immigration,
integration,society clash displacement of
Brothers important, sometimes Palestinians
discrimination, illegal difficult France
to protect language problems, not good
poor countries
insecurity, some one who needs
a problem
clandestine, africa disadvantage assistance, harsh
poverty, loneliness, new opportunities conditions, fatigue
integration, different
cultures
illegality, difficult life
person, wish, escape
illegal, exploitation
Alone Difficulties CALLing on Ethiopia, Sarah Guth and
Discrimination Francesca Helm
nord africa afghanistan
cina

27. 27 individualism 31/10/2012
ITALY GERMANY JORDAN USA
solitude extraordinary, good being original
identity,own ideas strange not bad very good
community moral, society, it causes bad Uniqueness
loneliness no joy freedom imprestion creative
Solitude-Mind fake every one do searching, finding,
egoismo personal what he or she believing
selfishness characteristics want me, personality
loneliness character self-reliance Autonomy
what I want to be freedom Bad
ideologia libertà important freedom,
Independent, uniqueness selfishness
social position being myself, being myself
autonomy,indepe friends with myself no cooperation
ndence identity, variety, isolation, grief
Evil important not to
our society lose
makes problems self-confidence,
freedom, choose doing whatever you
modern society want
CALLing on Ethiopia, Sarah Guth and
West Widespread important
Francesca Helm
Downfall freedom, choice,
otherness
ambition, originality

28. 28 power 31/10/2012
ITALY GERMANY JORDAN USA
responsability, strong, politics weapon government
fame, loneliness, money, relations, family citizens
drug politics every thing in life Money
Government, USA something will strong, glory
mafia, US politicians, economics disapear in the military
economics,politics Politics future Money
too few people dangerous Need control
strength control female Power Corrupts
Strenght-Politics USA, war, money America, Nuclear
women USA power
pericolosità responsibility, danger education
success money Strength, Decisions Oil
politics and money strong, energy Knowledge
abuse, money, overrated, especially double-edged
manage by America sword
Opportunity position, money,
Usa, force media
action, money, unbalanced,
force capitalism
United States, war CALLing on Ethiopia, Sarah Guth and
Francesca Helm

29. 29 31/10/2012
Mapping stereotypes
What about stereotypes?
What stereotypes do you
have of different countries?
What stereotypes do you
think they have of your
country? What is the
foundation of these
stereotypes?
CALLing on Ethiopia, Sarah Guth and
Francesca Helm

30. 30 31/10/2012
Make a task
Here are several online resourcs regarding
mapping stereotypes. In groups develop a
task (pre-task, task, post-task) using these
resources.
 Reading: Stereotype maps: Is that what
they think of us? (article from the
Guardian newspaper)
 Speaking/Discussion: maps on the website
(picture maps of different parts of the
world seen by different peoples)
 Listening: an interview with the designer
CALLing on Ethiopia, Sarah Guth and
Francesca Helm