1. VERB + ING

2. PARTICIPLE I
Verb Adjective Adverb

3. In the sentence Participle I can be :
attribute
The boy playing in the yard is
my son.
(translation :-ущ,-ющ,-ащ, -ящ)

4. Adverbial modifier of
(translation: - а, -я, -в, - вш
или придаточным )
TIME
When & While + P I
While travelling about the country, he saw very many
interesting things.
When reading a book, I always write out new words.

5. Having a lot of time before the beginning of
the performance, they decided to walk to the theatre.
Knowing the subject well, the student wasn’t afraid of
coming exam.

6. CAUSE
Not knowing what was the matter, we couldn’t
help her.
Knowing he couldn’t go to Alice he tried to
phone her.
Being busy, he couldn’t see me.
Remember : BEING +Adj. means БУДУЧИ

7.  MANNER
They walked by the lake holding hands.
He stood looking thoughtfully out of the window.
My friend sat on the sofa smoking a cigarette.

8. NOUN
Possessive PI
pronouns

9. Examples:
The rising sun
An approaching train
These running children PARTICIPLE I
My crying daughter
BUT !
the reading of books --- the verbal noun

10. THANK YOU VERY MUCH.
GOOD LUCK!!!