3. Monroe Doctrine James Monroe: 1822 Stated that the United States would not interfere with any European colonies already existing, but opposes any new colonies in North and South America U.S. continued to sign treaties with Latin America for trade and business
4. Why expand? After the frontier is settled, need new places to do business with Some consider our job to “lift up” those who are uncivilized Americans do have mixed feelings on the ideas of expansion Can we build our power peacefully? William Seward believed we could. Trade is the way we can do that.
5. The U.S. Goes Shopping Alaska: 1867, Purchased from Russia Midway Islands: 1867, a “midway” stopping point for ships on their way to China
6. Hawaii Independent tribes at first, King Kamehameha unifies them 1790’s begins trade with the U.S. Americans and Europeans devastated the island with diseases 1820’s Christian Missionaries arrive 1830’s Sugar Cane introduced, industry grows with American help Tariff’s relaxed for Hawaiian’s Queen does not agree with Hawaii’s annexation, farmers revolt, Hawaiians unhappy, farmers prevail 1898
7. Samoa On the trade route to Australia 1830’s missionaries arrive 1878 given trade rights and a place for a naval station 1899 GBR, US and GER meet and divide Samoa, without their permission Annexed 1899
8. China Many countries have stakes in China US was worried they would miss out on opportunities “Open Door Policy” Nations could trade freely throughout China, benefits US Boxer Rebellion: Secret society rebelling against the “Foreign Devils”, fought for 2 months until defeated A second “Open Door Policy” comes up: Maintain China’s independence and trade continues
9. Japan Japan ignores the open door policy Goes to war with Russia Conflict with the U.S. over trade Japan becomes a major naval power by 1905 Japanese immigration to the US grows greatly during this time of war with Russia Anti-Asian feelings emerge “Gentlemen’s Agreement” No more immigrants
10. Spanish American War Cubans treated poorly by Spain for years Cubans tried rebelling many times, unsuccessful Many Presidents stayed out of the issue Americans were appalled by Spain’s behavior, newspapers began telling stories of the Cuban people, brought attention to their plight President McKinley finally intervenes, sends the Maine, supposedly attacked, U.S. sends a msg to Spain to get out War declared on April 25, 1898
11. Philippines First violence of Spanish American war starts here Base for Spanish Navy President sends message to brace for attacks May 1st, attack Filipino’s support US, Spain treats them badly as well Finally defeated, Philippine’s gains independence from Spain, but under U.S. control
12. Continued… Cuba: Teddy Roosevelt and his Rough Riders charge San Juan Hill, Spanish American war ends Spain’s rule in this area of the world is mainly over Puerto Rico is quickly taken into US control War lasts only 4 months, few lives lost in battle, thousands lost to disease Treaty of Paris: Dec. 10, 1898 ends Spanish Strong holds
13. Shopping again! Cuba becomes a “protectorate” 1901, we give Cuba it’s independence, but they must allow us trade rights, we get Guantanamo Naval base and the right to intervene in their independence is ever threatened Guam and Puerto Rico are “territories,” American Citizens Philippines becomes an independent country finally in 1946 after much debate and bloodshed
14. Latin America 1901: US buys lease from France to build the Panama Canal Buys 99 year lease from Colombia for the land, but loses it when Colombians protest the sale T. Rose gets Panama to rise up against Colombia to declare their independence Nov. 6, 1903, Panama is now independent Hay Treaty gives land to US for Canal Opens Aug 14, 1914
15. T. Rose “Speak Softly and Carry A Big Stick” Respond to foreign affairs with military actions Exercise “international foreign policy” Instability in Latin America could lead to European takeovers Roosevelt Corollary: The right to intervene in Domestic Affairs of Latin America no matter what This went on for 30 years
16. Taft Intervene whenever American Business prosperity is threatened American investments bring stability Dollar Diplomacy: American business grows greatly in Latin America during this time Whenever our business would be threatened, military would intervene
17. Mexican Revolution Moral Diplomacy: Woodrow Wilson, felt that military action wasn’t always necessary, hoped that teaching people to act morally could get more done, teach people to elect good leaders Mexico was very poor with few rich leaders running the country Civil War in Mexico US tried to intervene and calm the war, but situations in Europe were taking the attention
18. We will fight when our interests are being threatened
