Cより速いRubyプログラム

RubyKaigi 2007 Session

C Ruby
An Example of Ruby Program Faster Than C

makoto kuwata
http://www.kuwata-lab.com

copyright(c) 2007 kuwata-lab.com all rights reserved.

…


2007
Script Languages in 2007


PS3
Break Away from PS3 Syndrome

‣ PS3/PSP …
•

‣ Wii/DS …
•


Script Languages can't be Center Player

‣ Java
• Java
• ≠

‣
•
•

Problems and Truth about Script Languages

✓

✓

✓


About This Presentation


Point

≠
Language Speed ≠ Application Speed


Overview

‣ :

‣ : C Ruby

‣ : eRuby

‣ : C
≦ Ruby
≪≪≪≪≪ C


Conclusion

‣

•

‣
•


eRuby
Introduction to eRuby


eRuby
What is eRuby?

‣ eRuby (Embedded Ruby) …
Ruby ( )

‣ eRuby …
Ruby
Ruby
• eruby … C
• ERB … pure Ruby Ruby1.8

Example

<table>
<tbody>
<% for item in list %>
<tr>
<td><%= item %></td>
</tr>
<% end %>
</tbody> <% ... ... %>
<table> <%= ... ... %>


C eruby
Ruby Script Translated by eruby

print "<table>n"
print " <tbody>n"
for item in list ; print "n"
print " <tr>n"
print " <td>"; print(( item )); print "</td>n"
print " </tr>n"
end ; print "n"
print " </tbody>n" print
print "<table>n" 1


ERB
Ruby Script Translated by ERB

_erbout = ""; _erbout.concat "<table>n"
_erbout.concat " <tbody>n"
for item in list ; _erbout.concat "n"
_erbout.concat " <tr>n"
_erbout.concat " <td>"; _erbout.concat(( item ).to_s);
_erbout.concat "</td>n"
_erbout.concat " </tr>n"
end ; _erbout.concat "n"
_erbout.concat " </tbody>n"
_erbout.concat "<table>n"
_erbout 1

Output Example

<table>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>AAA</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>BBB</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>CCC</td>
</tr>
</tbody> :
<table>


Benchmark Environment

1: <html>
‣ 400 ..... : 53
10,000 53: <table>
54: <% for item in list %>
55: <tr>
‣ 10 56: <td><%= item['symbol'] %></td>
57: <td><%= item['name'] %></td>
‣ MacOS X 10.4 Tiger .....
79: </tr> : 17
(CoreDuo 1.83GHz) x20
80: <% end %>
‣ Ruby 1.8.6, eruby 1.0.5 81: </table>
..... :5
85: </html>


Benchmark Result

50.0

37.5

25.0

12.5

0
C eruby ERB


#1:
MyEruby#1: First Implementation


#1:
#1: First Implementation

### Program
input.each_line do |line|
line.scan(/(.*?)(<%=?|%>)/) do
case $2
when '<%' ; ... 1
when '<%=' ; ...
when '%>' ; ...
...
end
end
...
http://www.kuwata-lab.com/presen/erubybench-1.1.zip

#1: (2)
#1: First Implementation (2)

Ruby
### Translated
_buf = ""; _buf << "<html>n";
_buf << "<body>n" 1
_buf << " <table>n"
for item in list ; _buf << "n";
_buf << " <tr>n"
_buf << " <td>"; _buf << (item['name']).to_s;
_buf << "</td>n";
_buf << " </tr>n";
end ; _buf << "n";
...

#1:
#1: Benchmark Result

100

75

50

25

0
C eruby ERB MyEruby1


#2:
#2: Never Split Into Lines


#2:
#2: Never Split into Lines

## Before
input.each_line do |line|
line.scan(/(.*?)(<%=?|%>)/).each do
...
end
end

## After
input.scan(/(.*?)(<%=?|%>)/m).each do
...
end


#2: (2)
#2: Never Split into Lines (2)

Ruby
## Before
_buf << "<html>n"
_buf << " <body>n"
_buf << " <h1>title</h1>n"

## After
_buf << '<html>
<body>
<h1>title</h1>
';


#2:

100

75

50

25

0
C eruby ERB MyEruby1 MyEruby2


#2:

20

15

10

5

0
C eruby MyEruby2


#3:
#3: Replace Parsing with Pattern Matching


#3:
#3: Replace Parsing with Pattern Matching

## Before
input.scan(/(.*?)(<%=?|%>)/m) do
case $2
when '<%=' ; kind = :expr
when '<%' ; kind = :stmt
when '%>' ; kind = :text
...

## After
input.scan(/(.*?)<%(=?)(.*?)%>/m) do
text, equal, code = $1, $2, $3
s << _convert_str(text, :text)
s << _convert_str(code, equal=='=' ? :expr : :stmt)
...

#3:

20

15

10

5

0
C eruby MyEruby2 MyEruby3


#4:
#4: Tune Up Regular Expressions


#4:
#4: Tune Up Regular Expressions

## Before
input.scan(/(.*?)<%(=)?(.*?)%>/m) do
text, equal, code = $1, $2, $3
...

## After
pos = 0
input.scan(/<%(=)?(.*?)%>/m) do
equal, code = $1, $2
match = Regexp.last_match
len = match.begin(0) - pos
text = eruby_str[pos, len]
pos = match.end(0)
...

#4:

20

15

10

5

0
C eruby MyEruby2 MyEruby3 MyEruby4


#5:
#5: Inline Expansion of Method Call


#5:
#5: Inline Expansion of Method Call

### Before
...
s << _convert_str(code, :expr)
s << _convert_str(code, :stmt)
s << _convert_str(text, :text)
...

### After
...
s << "_buf << (#{code}).to_s; "
s << "#{code}; "
s << "_buf << '#{text.gsub(/[']/, '&')}'; "
...

#5:

20

15

10

5

0
C eruby MyEruby2 MyEruby3 MyEruby4 MyEruby5


#6:
#6: Array Buffer


#6:
#6: Array Buffer

Ruby
### Before
_buf = '';
_buf << '<td>'; _buf << (n).to_s; _buf << '</td>';
_buf

### After String#<<
_buf = []; 1 Array#push()
_buf.push('<td>', n, '</td>');
_buf.join


#7:
#7: Interpolation


#7:
#7: Interpolation

Ruby
### Before
_buf << '<tr>
<td>'; _buf << (n).to_s; _buf << '</td>
</tr>';
String#<<
### After
_buf << %Q`<tr>
<td>#{n}</td>
"...str..."
</tr>`
%Q`...str...`


#7:

20

15

10

5

0
y

2

3

4

5

6

7
ub

by

by

by

by

by

by
er

ru

ru

ru

ru

ru

ru
yE

yE

yE

yE

yE

yE
M

M

M

M

M

M
C

#8:
#7: File Caching


#8:
#8: File Caching

## After
def convert_file(filename, cachename=nil)
cachename ||= filename + '.cache'
if or
prog = convert(File.read(filename))
(prog)
else
prog =
end
return prog Ruby
end


#8:

20

15

10

5

0
y

2

3

4

5

6

7

8
ub

by

by

by

by

by

by

by
er

ru

ru

ru

ru

ru

ru

ru
yE

yE

yE

yE

yE

yE

yE
M

M

M

M

M

M

M
C

#9:
#7: Make Methods


#9:
#9: Make Methods

### Before
prog = myeruby.convert_file(filename)
eval prog

### After Ruby
def define_method(body, args=[])
eval "def self.evaluate(#{args.join(',')}); #{body}; end"
end
prog = myeruby.convert_file(filename)
args = ['list']
myeruby.define_method(prog, args)
myeruby.evaluate()

#9:

20

15

10

5

0
y

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9
ub

by

by

by

by

by

by

by

by
er

ru

ru

ru

ru

ru

ru

ru

ru
yE

yE

yE

yE

yE

yE

yE

yE
M

M

M

M

M

M

M

M
C

Principles of Tuning
:
#
#2 1 69.17
#8 2.44
#9 2.26
#2 1 4.91
#5 2.11
#6 Array#push() 0.94
#7 0.94
#3 4.20
#4 2.12

Comparison with Competitors

Lang Solution Time(sec)
Ruby eruby 15.32
ERB 42.67
MyEruby7 (interporation) 10.42
MyEruby8 (cached) 8.02
MyEruby9 (method) 5.11
Perl Template-Toolkit 26.40

Python Django 50.55
Kid (TurboGears) 344.16
Java Jakarta Velocity 13.24

Summary


Result

‣C 1.5 Ruby
• 2 3

•

‣
• Java Ruby


one more minute...


Erubis

• ERB 3 eruby 10%
•
eRuby • <% %>
• <%= %> HTML escape
• YAML
• Ruby
• (C/Java/PHP/Perl/Scheme/JavaSript)

• RoR 30% ( )


thank you


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