1. By Jessica Horn
Chemistry 120
Dr. Walters

2.  The element Vanadium is named after Vanadis,
the Scandinavian goddess of Beauty because the
element has beautiful multi-colored chemical
compounds.
 Vanadium was originally discovered by the
Spanish mineralogist Andres Manuel del Rio at
Mexico City in 1801.
 He prepared salts from the mineral vanadinite
(then called brown lead) but did not isolate the
pure metal.
 Rediscovered by Nils Sefstrom of Sweden in 1830.
 Metallic vanadium was first isolated by Henry E.
Roscoe in 1867, by reducing vanadium chloride
(VCl3) with hydrogen.

3. Nils Sefstrom Henry Enfield
of Sweden Roscoe

4.  Symbol of Element : V
 Atomic Number of Vanadium : 23
 Atomic Mass: 50.9415 amu
 Melting Point: 1890.0 °C - 2163.15 °K
 Boiling Point: 3380.0 °C - 3653.15 °K
 Crystal Structure: Cubic
 Density @ 293 K: 5.8 g/cm3
 Color of Vanadium : bright white
 Vanadium is solid at room temperature.

5.  Vanadium has good structural strength
 It possesses good corrosion resistance to
alkali metal, sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid
and salt water
 It oxidizes readily at temperatures greater
then 660°C

6.  There are two naturally
occurring isotopes -vanadium-
50 and vanadium-51.
 Vanadium-51 is much more
common, making up about
99.75 percent of all naturally
occurring vanadium.
 Other Isotopes include
 V-48 Half Life of15.98 days
 V-49 Half life 337.0 days
 V-50 Half Life of1.4E17 years
 V-51 Stable
 V-52 Half Life of 3.76 minutes

7.  Cost, pure: $220 per 100g
 Cost, bulk: $2.70 per 100g
 Vanadium is not found free in nature but is found combined in about
65 different minerals.
 Vanadium is also found in bauxite and in fossil fuel deposits.
 Commercially, production of the metal is by calcium reduction of
the pentoxide.

8.  The main use of vanadium is to make
alloys, especially with steel.
 When a small amount of vanadium is
added it increases strength, toughness,
and heat resistance.
 Vanadium steel alloys are used in gears,
axles and crankshafts.
 It is also made into ferrovanadium, a
vanadium-iron alloy.
 This form of vanadium is used in surgical
instruments

9.  Titanium-aluminum-vanadium alloy is used
in jet engines and for high-speed aircraft.
 Vanadium foil is used to cover titanium to
bond it with steel.
 Vanadium-gallium tape is used in
superconducting magnets.
 Vanadium pentoxide is used in ceramics
and as a catalyst for the production of
sulfuric acid.
 Vanadium pentoxide is also a potential
new source of battery power.

10.  http://www.chemicalelements.com/elements/v.html
 http://periodictable.com/Samples/023.10/s9s.JPG
 http://www.sciencephoto.com/image/228593/530wm/H4190389-
Nils_Sefstrom-SPL.jpg
 http://www.trueknowledge.com/images/thumbs/180/250/Sir_Henry_Enf
ield_Roscoe.gif
 http://www.facts-about.org.uk/science-element-vanadium.htm
 http://www.chemicool.com/elements/vanadium.html
 http://www.azom.com/article.aspx?ArticleID=1676
 http://www.chemistryexplained.com/elements/T-Z/Vanadium.html