2.  Iron was discovered
by the Ancients.
 Beads were found
in Egypt from 3,500
B.C. that were made
from meteoric iron.
 Cast iron was made and
used in China as early
as 550 B.C.

3. What is it's state at room temperature?
Solid, often a grainy powder
What is it's color?
Metallic gray to black
What are it's melting and boiling points?
Melting: 1536 ˚C
Boiling: 2861 ˚C
What is it's density?
7.8 g/cm3 at 20 ˚C

4. Are any of these properties important in the common
uses of the element?
 Iron‟s high, but reasonable melting point and
malleability allow it to be used for many things. These
properties allow it to be hammered into shape by a
blacksmith and strengthened by carbon and other
elements into a tough alloy. Steel, cast iron, and wrought
iron are all examples of this. They differ by the amount
of other material that is included.
 It softens at a red heat, and may be readily welded at a
white heat; above this point it becomes brittle.
 Iron is magnetic, and can be temporarily magnetized. It
is often used for components of instruments or machines
that require magnetic parts.

5. Iron is a relatively abundant element in the
universe.
 Many types of stars, including the Sun, contain
iron.
 Siderites are a type of widely-found iron
meteorite.
 The Earth‟s inner and outer cores are composed
mainly of iron, and it is the fourth most
abundant element in the crust.
 Minerals such as hematite, taconite and
magnetite all contain iron.

6. There are many known isotopes of iron, but these
are the most abundant:
Isotopes of the Element Iron with a Known Natural Abundance
Mass Number Natural Abundance Half-life
54 5.845% > 3.1×10+22 years
56 91.754% Stable
57 2.119% Stable
58 0.282% Stable
http://education.jlab.org/itselemental/iso026.html

7. Isotopes Fe-57 and Fe-58 are the most commonly
used, generally for nutritional studies. These studies
include research in iron-loss by human adolescents,
bodily conditions for effective iron absorption,
genetic iron control, and interventions for anemia.
The Fe-54 isotope is used for the production of
radioactive Fe-55, which is used as an electron
capture detector and in X-ray fluorescence. Fe-56 can
be used for the production of radioactive Co-55,
which is used as a tumor seeking agent in bleomycin.
Copyright 1993-2011 Mark Winter [The University of Sheffield and WebElements Ltd, UK].
All rights reserved.

8. Iron is mined from the Earth in the form of
various minerals. Hematite (70% Fe) and
magnetite (72% Fe) are the two major minerals
that are mined out of most iron mines in the
world.
Shaft and strip mining are both used to obtain
iron.

12. “Iron ore is most commonly refined within a blast
furnace. A blast furnace is a large reaction vessel
where ore, limestone and coke (a form of coal
which is 85% to 90% carbon) is loaded from the
top and air is forced into the bottom of the
furnace. The iron is reduced and sinks to the
bottom of the furnace, where it is called pig iron.
A layer of slag, consisting of the impurities
contained in the ore, forms on top of the pig iron
and is removed.“
http://mset.rst2.edu/portfolios/j/jolin_c/ToolsVisWeb/Mappler/refining.htm

13. Oxidation of carbon in the coke:
Reduction of iron in magnetite:
Photo of blast furnace in Germany

14. As of October 13, 2011, the cost of iron ore was in
the $170 per ton range.
The price of already-processed iron is much
higher. For example: in 2008, iron was valued at
$309 per ton.

15. There have been many uses of iron throughout
the ages.
Before coin and paper money was invented, iron
bars were used as currency in many areas of the
world. These are from 19th century Nigeria.

16.  In Celtic folklore,
iron was used to
repel fairy people,
such as the Fomhoire ,
the Tuatha De
Dannan, and Mac Dara.
 Parents would
place iron bars in their
children‟s beds so that
the fairies would not
steal them and leave a
changeling in their
place.

17. Iron was also widely used
to make weapons, jail cell
bars, and shackles („irons‟).

18. Iron also plays an
important part in the
body. It is needed to
form hemoglobin, which
transports oxygen in the
bloodstream. Without it,
one may become anemic.
Iron is also stored in the
bone marrow, spleen
and liver.

19. Iron is a huge percentage
of our planet and is
erupted to the surface as
basaltic lava.

20. As the lava cools into rock
as part of the crust, the
iron magnetizes, recording
the ever-changing direction
of the Earth‟s magnetic
field at that time. This is
called a magnetic anomaly.

21. Not only does iron come from within the Earth, but it
also comes from outer space, in the form of meteorites.
Iron meteorites, or siderites, are used to help
astronomers learn more about space, and geologists
more about Earth.

22. The most abundant compounds
of iron (steel and stainless steel)
are used for construction,
appliances, and art as well.

23. And sometimes for many of these things at once!

24. “Iron oxide is used in
welding and for
purifying ores, because
when mixed with
powdered aluminum it
can be ignited to cause a
thermite reaction.”
(Clairenstein)

25.  Fe4(Fe[CN]6)3 , also known as Prussian blue, makes
the blue color in blueprints.
 FeS2 , or iron pyrite, is known as fool‟s gold. It is used
to produce sulfur dioxide for the paper industry and
sulfuric acid for the chemical industry.

38.  Iron Face, from Scooby-
Doo, Where Are You?
 Ironface, from The
Scooby-Doo/Dynomutt
Hour

40.  The 1911 Classic Encyclopedia. From the 11th
Edition of the Encyclopedia Britannica, 1911.
http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Iron Page last modified
0205, 3/8/2007.
 http://mset.rst2.edu/portfolios/j/jolin_c/ToolsVisWeb/
Mappler/refining.htm
 http://www.lenntech.com/periodic/elements/fe.h
tm Copyright © 1998-2011 Lenntech B.V
 http://education.jlab.org/itselemental/iso026.html
Steve Gagnon. Copyright and maintenance
information unknown.

41.  http://chemistry.about.com/od/elementfacts/a/iro
n.htm Copyright 2011 About.com. All rights
reserved. The New York Times Company.
 http://www.webelements.com/iron/isotopes.html
Copyright 1993-2011 Mark Winter. The University of
Sheffield, and WebElements Ltd, UK.
 http://www.mine-engineer.com/mining/iron-ore-
price.htm . John Steely. Copyright and maintenance
information unknown.
 Goody Clairenstein. The Uses for Zinc, Copper, Silver,
Iron and Gold & Their Important Compounds. Copyright
1999-2011
http://www.ehow.com/info_8562257_uses-iron-
gold-important-compounds.html

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