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QUARTERLY
                              MAGAZINE OF THE



THE VOICE OF THE MEMBERSHIP
NO. 285, 2012 ISSUE 1


                                 Issn: 1367–3882
INTEGRATING THE METROPOLITAN REGION THROUGH A CYCLE
     NETWORK IN BUDAPEST
     László Sándor Kerényi and Virág Bencze-Kovács, Transport Strategy Department,
     BKK Centre for Budapest Transport, Budapest, Hungary
                                                                                                                                                                                             framework of the Development Plan                  Budapest has decided to introduce
                                                                                                                                                                                             of Budapest Transportation System. In           a public bicycle system (called the
                                                                                                                                                                                             parallel with the values declared in the        ‘Budapest Bike’ or ‘BuBi’) from 2013,
                                                                                                                                                                                             Integrated Urban Development Strategy           covering a 12 km 2 area of the inner city,
                                                                                                                                                                                             of Budapest, the main role of cycling is:       with 74 stations and over 1,000 bicycles.
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             The system will provide an effective and
                                                                                                                                                                                                to create a sustainable, safe, healthy and   environmentally friendly alternative for
                                                                                                                                                                                                liveable urban environment by better         inner city travel, and will also promote
                                                                                                                                                                                                use of limited public space;                 cycling and therefore affect general travel
                                                                                                                                                                                                to revive the city centre by providing       behaviour. Apart from the technicalities
     Introduction                                                                                                                                                                               easy access to shops and other services;     of the BuBi system, a general study of the
     Having a fortunate geography in the                                                                                                                                                        to balance social inequalities and           existing network has been carried out,
     mostly flat Carpathian Basin, cycling in                                                                                                                                                   become a widely used form of mobility.       focusing on the weaknesses of the infra-
     Hungary is a traditional form of mobility,                                                                                                                                                                                              structure, and providing an action plan to
     especially on the Great Hungarian Plain.                                                                                                                                                The fields of action include:                   make the inner city more bicycle friendly.
     In local traffic, the modal share of cycling                                                                                                                                              changing attitudes of transportation          The proposed tools are the following:
                                                                                                                                                                                               experts towards cycling, and let it
     reaches 40% in certain rural communities.
                                                                                                                                                                                               become an equal form of mobility;                           audit all future road reconstruction
     The Hungarian Capital, Budapest experi-
                                                                                                                                                                                               creation of an adequate institutional,                      and development plans from a cyclist’s
     enced an increase in cycling over the last
                                                                                                                                                                                               legal and financial framework for effec-                    point of view, for the completion of
     5 years (see Figure 1), when the number of
                                                                                                                                                                                               tive and sustainable bicycle transport;                     the existing core network and elimi-
     daily cyclists doubled, yet the 3-5% modal
                                                                                                                                                                                               provision of attractive cycling facili-                     nating bottlenecks;
     share is under the Western European
                                                                                                                                                                                               ties including a safe and convenient                        open bus lanes for bicycles whenever
     average. Figure 2 shows bicycle use in
                                                                                                                                                                                               environment, available infrastructure,                      possible;
     Hungarian Regions, with a high potential
                                                                                                                                                                                               services and information, with the                          increase safety and integration of
     for increase in Budapest. In recognising
                                                                                                                                                                                               option of combined transportation.                          cycling by pictograms, advanced stop
     that the better use of cycling as an alterna-
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           lines (‘bike boxes’) at intersections
     tive mobility for different groups of people
                                                                                                                                                                                             Within the framework of a new city man-                       that help cyclists to cross the junction
     will lead to better quality of life, healthier                                                                                                                                          agement model, in late 2010, BKK Centre                       or turn more safely;
     lifestyle, a cleaner and more welcoming                                                                                                                                                 for Budapest Transport was created to                         open one way streets for contraf low
     urban environment, several actions have                                                                                                                                                 manage public transport, cycling, road                        cycling, especially in traffic calmed
     been taken for Central Hungary and the                                                                                                                                                  infrastructure management, parking, taxi                      (‘Tempo 30’) zones;
     City of Budapest, for both transportation                                                                                                                                               services and transport related development                    increase bicycle parking facilities, by
     and tourism. The declared goal of the City                                                                                                                                              projects of Budapest, as an integrated                        installing bicycle stands at public places
     of Budapest is to reach 10% modal share of                                                                                                                                              transport competence centre. BKK is                           and Bike and Ride (B+R) locations;
     cycling by 2020.                                                                                                                                                                        responsible for creating transport strate-                    introduce pedestrian and cyclist zones
         In order to define the main direc-                                                                                                                                                  gies, coordination of implementation,                         and reduce speed limits in the city
     tion for developing cycle infrastructure,                                                                                                                                               and preparation of integrated transport                       centre;
     the Budapest Cycling Concept was                                                                                                                                                        development projects. Better integration                      eliminate obstacles wherever possible
     created in 2010 with basic principles                                                                                                                                                   of cycling into the urban transport sys-
     and guidance based on the general                                                                                                                                                       tem is one of the most important tasks of
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             Figure 2: Once in two weeks
                                                                                                                                                                                             BKK, and also a great chance to change
     Figure 1: Increase of cycling                                                                                                                                                           urban mobility in Budapest.                     usage of bicycles in Hungarian
     in Budapest (1994-2010),                                                                                                                                                                                                                regions, based on data collec-
     based on traffic counting                                                                                                                                                               Actions for the inner city                      tion in September 2011
     data of 6 junctions                                                                                                                                                                     In the last few decades, cycling has been
         
                                                                                                                                                                                             treated as a leisure activity. The general
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20
geographical and natural facilities,
                                                                                             cultural values and heritage.
                                                                                                Nat iona l and reg iona l pol icies
                                                                                             highlight the following main areas of
                                                                                             development for Budapest:

                                                                                               EuroVelo 6: As a continuation of
                                                                                               the existing, high quality section
                                                                                               from Passau to Vienna, the National
                                                                                               Land Use Planning Act contains the
                                                                                               alignment of the proposed Hungarian
New cycle lane in Budapest Fóti Road,          EuroVelo 6 bike route by the Danube at Vác      section – the construction itself is the
established in November 2011 (Source:          (Source: Wikimedia Commons, Beroesz)
                                                                                               responsibility of the local municipali-
BKK, Péter Halász)
                                                                                               ties. In Budapest, the continuity and
   by a wide range of measures (ramps,         offices should also lead to construction of     high quality of the route must be
   sloped curbs, shortcuts).                   easy-to-use, safe and weather protected         ensured on both sides of the Danube.
                                               storages for bicycles at home.                  A tourist and recreational bicycle
These tools are now being used with               Car r y ing bicycles on suburban             route along Rákos-patak (a small
good results and responses both from           railway lines (4 lines ran by Budapest          creek that f lows from the Gödöll
transport professionals and the average        Transport Company, BKV, 11 more by              hills to the river Danube, connect-
user. After a joint learning process, wider    the State Railways, MÁV) is possible;           ing 3 cities in the agglomeration
usage of cycles will result in less cars and   however, the capacities and service lev-        (Gödöll , Isaszeg, Pécel) and 4 dis-
a friendly environment in the inner city.      els are limited. Local services are also        tricts of Budapest. One completed
                                               being reviewed to provide better access         section in District No. 17, which has
Actions for suburban areas                     to local recreational areas, such as the        been opened to the public, receives
In the last two decades, 15% of citizens,      Buda Hills.                                     good responses, can also be a good
300,000 people, moved out of the city                                                          basis for further development.
into the agglomeration, most of them           Regional and national                           Access to Lake Balaton: The planned
commute back to the capital daily. The                                                         reconstruction of Balaton Bicycle
size of the agglomeration of the City of
                                               policies and projects
                                               Adverse events in the world economy             Ringroad for 2012 is amended by
Budapest cannot be defined precisely, but                                                      the development of railway stations
                                               are changing travelling behaviour, also
daily trips are made to the inner city from                                                    (eliminating obstacles, creating a
                                               in day-to-day travel to work, and in
over 80 settlements of Central Hungary.                                                        bicycle-friendly environment).
   The interchanges between transport          recreational activities. There is a great
modes (mainly from one type of public          potential for cycling in inland tourism,
                                               as Budapest and the Central Hungarian         For further development, BKK is
transport to another, or from cars to pub-
                                               Region have prime and unique                  in regular contact with a cycling
lic transport) are located in the widely
                                                                                             commissioner appointed by the
spread suburban areas. From the network
point of view, the transition of a bicycle                                                   Hungarian Prime Minister.
friendly inner city to a separated rural
bicycle road must be resolved also in the                                                    Conclusion
suburban areas. Suburban infrastructure                                                      Budapest is convinced that the above-
development therefore focuses on the                                                         mentioned cycling measures pave a
following:                                                                                   good way towards integrating sustain-
                                                                                             able transport modes in the Central
   better Bike and Ride services at stops                                                    Hungarian Region, and will contribute
   and final stations of public transport (a                                                 to meeting the goals highlighted in the
   current project is being developed to                                                     White Paper of the European Union
   install 750 bicycle stands at 52 subway     B+R in Gyömr railway station near             regarding a competitive and resource
   and suburban railway stops);                Budapest (Source: MÁV Zrt.)                   efficient urban transport system.
   establishment of regional connections
   between        Budapest       and     its                                                 Virág Bencze-Kovács is a strategic
                                               László Sándor Kerényi is the Head
   agglomeration cities (Solymár, Buda                                                       coordinator in the Transport Strategy
                                               of the Transport Strategy Department
   Hills, Érd, Vác, Dunakeszi, Fót,                                                          Department at BKK Centre for Budapest
                                               at BKK Centre for Budapest Transport.
   Csömör-Kistarcsa, Gyál, Gödöll ).                                                         Transport. Her field of interest is cycling;
                                               His work focuses on transport
                                               development      policies, conceptual         her work focuses on changing policies
Efforts are being made towards the review      and strategic planning of urban               and also attitudes of both authorities
of the current National Construction           mobility for the Hungarian Capital.           and designers towards cycling.
Act, as the regulation of obligatory park-     laszlo.kerenyi@bkk.hu                         virag.bencze-kovacs@bkk.hu
ing facilities in new residential areas and


                                                                                                                                            21
Regions
                      THE VOICE OF THE MEMBERSHIP



            Transport is a key factor in economic development, as economic
            growth requires ready access to resources and market. This applies
            in particular for Metropolitan Regions as engines of economic
            growth and as regions with a very diverse population. However,
            this need for mobility and economic growth has, as side effects,
            rising volumes of traffic and levels of congestion with a significant
            impact on the environment. The above-mentioned issues are
            comprehensively tackled within the Catch-MR project (funded by
            Interreg IVC), where cooperation between metropolises and their
            surrounding functional regions is put to the fore in the cases of
            Berlin-Brandenburg, Budapest-Central Hungary, Gothenburg
            Region, Ljubljana Urban Region, Oslo-Akershus, Province of Rome,
            and Vienna-Lower Austria. Our guest Editor, Janez Nared, has
            therefore compiled a set of case studies from this project for our
            Regional Survey. Some challenging examples on how different
            metropolises face urban sprawl, mobility and congestion issues are
            presented. The most common example in three of the metropolitan
            regions (Berlin, Vienna and Oslo) is joint planning, where the
            metropolis and its hinterland cooperate to prevent urban sprawl
            and to improve public transport systems. These examples show great
            progress in planning, but still urban sprawl remains an important
            factor that should be dealt with. The other four examples present
            transport-related issues in the Ljubljana Urban Region, transport
            interchanges in Gothenburg, improvements of mobility in Casteli
            Romani (Rome) and the regional cycle network in Budapest.

            In our ‘Comment and Debate’ section, Tassilo Herrschel discusses
            the role that the RSA plays in debates on public policy. Also in this
            issue, Mandy Talbot looks at farm diversification and farm tourism,
            a paper that won the award for Best Paper at the RSA’s Rural
            Tourism Symposium. Amongst the reports of Research Network
            events, there is a final report from James Hopkins on his doctoral
            research relating to the history of the RSA.




     Regional Studies Association, PO Box 2058, Seaford, East Sussex BN25 4QU, UK
                 Tel: 00 44 (0)1323 899 698, Fax: 00 44 (0)1323 899 798
                  info@regionalstudies.org, www.regionalstudies.org

                            Registered Charity No: 1084165
            Registered Company, Limited By Guarantee In England No: 4116288

                               Typesetting and Printing by Sussex Living Ltd
32   48 Keymer Road, Hassocks, West Sussex BN6 8AR. Tel: 01273 847501 Email: studio@sussexliving.com

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R285 Integrating the metropolitan region through cycle network in Budapest

  • 1. QUARTERLY MAGAZINE OF THE THE VOICE OF THE MEMBERSHIP NO. 285, 2012 ISSUE 1 Issn: 1367–3882
  • 2. INTEGRATING THE METROPOLITAN REGION THROUGH A CYCLE NETWORK IN BUDAPEST László Sándor Kerényi and Virág Bencze-Kovács, Transport Strategy Department, BKK Centre for Budapest Transport, Budapest, Hungary framework of the Development Plan Budapest has decided to introduce of Budapest Transportation System. In a public bicycle system (called the parallel with the values declared in the ‘Budapest Bike’ or ‘BuBi’) from 2013, Integrated Urban Development Strategy covering a 12 km 2 area of the inner city, of Budapest, the main role of cycling is: with 74 stations and over 1,000 bicycles. The system will provide an effective and to create a sustainable, safe, healthy and environmentally friendly alternative for liveable urban environment by better inner city travel, and will also promote use of limited public space; cycling and therefore affect general travel to revive the city centre by providing behaviour. Apart from the technicalities Introduction easy access to shops and other services; of the BuBi system, a general study of the Having a fortunate geography in the to balance social inequalities and existing network has been carried out, mostly flat Carpathian Basin, cycling in become a widely used form of mobility. focusing on the weaknesses of the infra- Hungary is a traditional form of mobility, structure, and providing an action plan to especially on the Great Hungarian Plain. The fields of action include: make the inner city more bicycle friendly. In local traffic, the modal share of cycling changing attitudes of transportation The proposed tools are the following: experts towards cycling, and let it reaches 40% in certain rural communities. become an equal form of mobility; audit all future road reconstruction The Hungarian Capital, Budapest experi- creation of an adequate institutional, and development plans from a cyclist’s enced an increase in cycling over the last legal and financial framework for effec- point of view, for the completion of 5 years (see Figure 1), when the number of tive and sustainable bicycle transport; the existing core network and elimi- daily cyclists doubled, yet the 3-5% modal provision of attractive cycling facili- nating bottlenecks; share is under the Western European ties including a safe and convenient open bus lanes for bicycles whenever average. Figure 2 shows bicycle use in environment, available infrastructure, possible; Hungarian Regions, with a high potential services and information, with the increase safety and integration of for increase in Budapest. In recognising option of combined transportation. cycling by pictograms, advanced stop that the better use of cycling as an alterna- lines (‘bike boxes’) at intersections tive mobility for different groups of people Within the framework of a new city man- that help cyclists to cross the junction will lead to better quality of life, healthier agement model, in late 2010, BKK Centre or turn more safely; lifestyle, a cleaner and more welcoming for Budapest Transport was created to open one way streets for contraf low urban environment, several actions have manage public transport, cycling, road cycling, especially in traffic calmed been taken for Central Hungary and the infrastructure management, parking, taxi (‘Tempo 30’) zones; City of Budapest, for both transportation services and transport related development increase bicycle parking facilities, by and tourism. The declared goal of the City projects of Budapest, as an integrated installing bicycle stands at public places of Budapest is to reach 10% modal share of transport competence centre. BKK is and Bike and Ride (B+R) locations; cycling by 2020. responsible for creating transport strate- introduce pedestrian and cyclist zones In order to define the main direc- gies, coordination of implementation, and reduce speed limits in the city tion for developing cycle infrastructure, and preparation of integrated transport centre; the Budapest Cycling Concept was development projects. Better integration eliminate obstacles wherever possible created in 2010 with basic principles of cycling into the urban transport sys- and guidance based on the general tem is one of the most important tasks of Figure 2: Once in two weeks BKK, and also a great chance to change Figure 1: Increase of cycling urban mobility in Budapest. usage of bicycles in Hungarian in Budapest (1994-2010), regions, based on data collec- based on traffic counting Actions for the inner city tion in September 2011 data of 6 junctions In the last few decades, cycling has been treated as a leisure activity. The general   ¡ ¡ approach of bicycle infrastructure devel- c d Y ) Q R 5 ` e 3 1 Q Q R f opment was to build sections of bicycle q r 8 c Y Q 5 ` 3 Q R ( ) 0 1 2 3 4 5 a Q 3 1 5 b W 1 U R ¢ ¡ ¡ roads completely separated from the 6 7 8 v p 8 V 3 R 5 Q 1 W V 3 R 5 Q 1 W d ) R e 1 Q f S Q 1 R 4 0 1 R ) T U 1 p u 8 existing road infrastructure. The result is q r 8 £ ¡ ¡ P 3 4 5 3 Q R S Q 1 R 4 0 1 R ) T U 1 a cumbersome legacy: these sections are in p 6 8 X Y ) 5 ` 3 Q R a X Q 3 Y t 1 ) u 5 5 ` b 8 3 W Q 1 R U R many cases not interconnected; conf licts ¤ ¡ ¡ S Q 1 R 4 0 1 R ) T U 1 s q 8 ¥ ¡ ¡ 9 @ A B C D @ E g h i with cars and pedestrians are very regular ¦ § ¨ © @ F G H @ I G © § at every intersection and sidewalk. ! # ! $ % % $ % % ' $ % ! % 20
  • 3. geographical and natural facilities, cultural values and heritage. Nat iona l and reg iona l pol icies highlight the following main areas of development for Budapest: EuroVelo 6: As a continuation of the existing, high quality section from Passau to Vienna, the National Land Use Planning Act contains the alignment of the proposed Hungarian New cycle lane in Budapest Fóti Road, EuroVelo 6 bike route by the Danube at Vác section – the construction itself is the established in November 2011 (Source: (Source: Wikimedia Commons, Beroesz) responsibility of the local municipali- BKK, Péter Halász) ties. In Budapest, the continuity and by a wide range of measures (ramps, offices should also lead to construction of high quality of the route must be sloped curbs, shortcuts). easy-to-use, safe and weather protected ensured on both sides of the Danube. storages for bicycles at home. A tourist and recreational bicycle These tools are now being used with Car r y ing bicycles on suburban route along Rákos-patak (a small good results and responses both from railway lines (4 lines ran by Budapest creek that f lows from the Gödöll transport professionals and the average Transport Company, BKV, 11 more by hills to the river Danube, connect- user. After a joint learning process, wider the State Railways, MÁV) is possible; ing 3 cities in the agglomeration usage of cycles will result in less cars and however, the capacities and service lev- (Gödöll , Isaszeg, Pécel) and 4 dis- a friendly environment in the inner city. els are limited. Local services are also tricts of Budapest. One completed being reviewed to provide better access section in District No. 17, which has Actions for suburban areas to local recreational areas, such as the been opened to the public, receives In the last two decades, 15% of citizens, Buda Hills. good responses, can also be a good 300,000 people, moved out of the city basis for further development. into the agglomeration, most of them Regional and national Access to Lake Balaton: The planned commute back to the capital daily. The reconstruction of Balaton Bicycle size of the agglomeration of the City of policies and projects Adverse events in the world economy Ringroad for 2012 is amended by Budapest cannot be defined precisely, but the development of railway stations are changing travelling behaviour, also daily trips are made to the inner city from (eliminating obstacles, creating a in day-to-day travel to work, and in over 80 settlements of Central Hungary. bicycle-friendly environment). The interchanges between transport recreational activities. There is a great modes (mainly from one type of public potential for cycling in inland tourism, as Budapest and the Central Hungarian For further development, BKK is transport to another, or from cars to pub- Region have prime and unique in regular contact with a cycling lic transport) are located in the widely commissioner appointed by the spread suburban areas. From the network point of view, the transition of a bicycle Hungarian Prime Minister. friendly inner city to a separated rural bicycle road must be resolved also in the Conclusion suburban areas. Suburban infrastructure Budapest is convinced that the above- development therefore focuses on the mentioned cycling measures pave a following: good way towards integrating sustain- able transport modes in the Central better Bike and Ride services at stops Hungarian Region, and will contribute and final stations of public transport (a to meeting the goals highlighted in the current project is being developed to White Paper of the European Union install 750 bicycle stands at 52 subway B+R in Gyömr railway station near regarding a competitive and resource and suburban railway stops); Budapest (Source: MÁV Zrt.) efficient urban transport system. establishment of regional connections between Budapest and its Virág Bencze-Kovács is a strategic László Sándor Kerényi is the Head agglomeration cities (Solymár, Buda coordinator in the Transport Strategy of the Transport Strategy Department Hills, Érd, Vác, Dunakeszi, Fót, Department at BKK Centre for Budapest at BKK Centre for Budapest Transport. Csömör-Kistarcsa, Gyál, Gödöll ). Transport. Her field of interest is cycling; His work focuses on transport development policies, conceptual her work focuses on changing policies Efforts are being made towards the review and strategic planning of urban and also attitudes of both authorities of the current National Construction mobility for the Hungarian Capital. and designers towards cycling. Act, as the regulation of obligatory park- laszlo.kerenyi@bkk.hu virag.bencze-kovacs@bkk.hu ing facilities in new residential areas and 21
  • 4. Regions THE VOICE OF THE MEMBERSHIP Transport is a key factor in economic development, as economic growth requires ready access to resources and market. This applies in particular for Metropolitan Regions as engines of economic growth and as regions with a very diverse population. However, this need for mobility and economic growth has, as side effects, rising volumes of traffic and levels of congestion with a significant impact on the environment. The above-mentioned issues are comprehensively tackled within the Catch-MR project (funded by Interreg IVC), where cooperation between metropolises and their surrounding functional regions is put to the fore in the cases of Berlin-Brandenburg, Budapest-Central Hungary, Gothenburg Region, Ljubljana Urban Region, Oslo-Akershus, Province of Rome, and Vienna-Lower Austria. Our guest Editor, Janez Nared, has therefore compiled a set of case studies from this project for our Regional Survey. Some challenging examples on how different metropolises face urban sprawl, mobility and congestion issues are presented. The most common example in three of the metropolitan regions (Berlin, Vienna and Oslo) is joint planning, where the metropolis and its hinterland cooperate to prevent urban sprawl and to improve public transport systems. These examples show great progress in planning, but still urban sprawl remains an important factor that should be dealt with. The other four examples present transport-related issues in the Ljubljana Urban Region, transport interchanges in Gothenburg, improvements of mobility in Casteli Romani (Rome) and the regional cycle network in Budapest. In our ‘Comment and Debate’ section, Tassilo Herrschel discusses the role that the RSA plays in debates on public policy. Also in this issue, Mandy Talbot looks at farm diversification and farm tourism, a paper that won the award for Best Paper at the RSA’s Rural Tourism Symposium. Amongst the reports of Research Network events, there is a final report from James Hopkins on his doctoral research relating to the history of the RSA. Regional Studies Association, PO Box 2058, Seaford, East Sussex BN25 4QU, UK Tel: 00 44 (0)1323 899 698, Fax: 00 44 (0)1323 899 798 info@regionalstudies.org, www.regionalstudies.org Registered Charity No: 1084165 Registered Company, Limited By Guarantee In England No: 4116288 Typesetting and Printing by Sussex Living Ltd 32 48 Keymer Road, Hassocks, West Sussex BN6 8AR. Tel: 01273 847501 Email: studio@sussexliving.com