1. ALGORITHM VS. PSEUDO CODE
Algorithm is a set of instructions or steps applied to a problem with a view to solve it.
In simple words we can say that algorithm is method of solving a problem. Pseudo
code describes algorithm itself. Pseudo code makes no use of syntax of a specified
programming language. So, it cannot be executed in a computer. But it contains
almost the same detail as a programming language does and has the same structure.
ALGORITHM
Algorithm is group of instructions or a set of steps applied to solve a problem. An
easy example of algorithm is a recipe in a cook book. When a problem is solved with
the help of a computer, some specific instructions have to be given to it. That is why
the study of algorithm constitutes an integral part of the computer science. When
algorithm is applied in a computer, a number of elementary operations are combined
together. For example, to solve a complex mathematical problem, some simple
operations like subtractions and additions are applied.
But applying algorithm to computer code is not so simple a matter. It is very tedious
task to convert an algorithm in assembly language. However, use of high level
languages like Java or C is much easier. The analysis of resources is required before
designing an algorithm. Generally, big O notation is used for performing time and
storage analysis. An algorithm is expressed with the help of natural languages,
flowcharts, and pseudo code.
PSEUDO CODE
Pseudo code is a method of representing algorithm. It has not a specific syntax to
write a language which is used in programming language. Therefore it cannot be
executed on a computer. A number of formats are available to write pseudo codes.

2. They are mostly borrowed from the structures of popular languages like C, Lisp and
FORTRAN etc. When details are not important, they are expressed in natural
language. Algorithms are expressed in pseudo code as they are not understood by the
programmers who are familiar with other languages of programming. Pascal is
another language which is similar to pseudo code which makes the transformation of
pseudo code to the target program code easier. Control structures such as WHILE, IF-
THEN-ELSE, REPEAT-UTIL, FOR and CASE present in many high level languages
are allowed to include by Pseudo code
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN ALGORITHM AND PSEUDO CODE
As we have described, an algorithm is a set of instructions which provide solution to a
specific problem. A Pseudo code, on the other hand is a method used to define an
algorithm. An algorithm is written in a natural language while pseudo code can be
written in high level programming languages. But not a specified language syntax is
used in pseudo code. It, therefore, can be understood by the programmers acquainted
with different programming languages. Besides, transformation of an algorithm
written in pseudo code to programming code is easier than an algorithm written in
natural language.
PARADIGMS OF PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES
The term paradigm describes a set of techniques, methods, theories and standards that
together represent a way of thinking for problem solving. According to [Wegner,
1988], paradigms are “patterns of thought for problem solving”. Language paradigms
were associated with classes of languages. First the paradigms are defined. Thereafter,
programming languages according to the different paradigms are classified. The
language paradigms are divided into two parts: imperative and declarative paradigms

3. as shown in the Figure 1. Imperative languages can be further as classified into
procedural and object-oriented approach. Declarative languages can classified into
functional languages and logical languages. In Figure 1, the examples of languages in
each category are also given.