1. State Standards 8.1 and 8.3

2. Totalitarianism
 Totalitarianism
 Total control of
everything
 Led by a single leader
 Not interested in
individual freedom
(civil liberties)
 Used modern
technology and
propaganda

3. Totalitarianism.
 Dictators gave way to
Totalitarianism in three
countries
1. Soviet Union (Russia)
2. Italy
3. Germany

4. Russia
 Emergence of Stalin
 Leadership crisis in
Russia gives rise to
Stalin
 Iosif Dzhugashvili
(Stalin)
 Stalin means “man of
steel”

5. Russia.
 Stalin
 Starts out as Secretary
General
 Uses this position to grow
his power
 Works his way to
becoming Dictator
 Establishes a powerful
Communist State

6. Russia..
 Collectivization
 Total government control
of economic activity
 Especially what was
produced and how
 Political Purges
 Stalin purges (cleans out)
the entire government to
eliminate all of his
enemies
 Solidified his dictatorship

7. Italy
 Benito Mussolini
 Becomes the leader of
the Fascist Party in Italy
 Fascism

8. Italy.
 Benito Mussolini
 Leads the Fascist Party’s
military wing
 Black Shirts
 Overthrows the king of
Italy and sets up his own
Fascist government.

9. Italy..
 Benito Mussolini
 Mussolini’s fascist
government was a more
relaxed version of
Nazism
 Mussolini known as El
Duce
 Wanted to restore Italy
to its former glory

10. Japan
• Split version of
Totalitarianism
• Emperor Hirohito
• Godlike leader of the
government
• Hideki Tojo
• Leader of the military
• Held most of the power
• Inspired by dreams of
Japanese greatness.

11. Dark Clouds on the Horizon
 Three of the most
powerful countries in the
world were now
controlled by single
leaders
1. Stalin in Russia
2. Mussolini in Italy
3. Tojo in Japan

12. Dark Clouds on the Horizon.
 Great Depression had
led to the rise of
dictators
 Bad economies had
given the Dictators the
chance to rise to power
 The fourth and most
powerful dictatorship
was yet to come
 Nazi Germany

13. Hitler’s Early Life
 Poor student
 Dropped out of school at
16
 Wanted to become an
artist or architect
 Could not gain admission
to any schools to study
 Military Career
 Joins German Army when
World War I starts
 Wounded twice
 Earned five medals

15. Hitler’s Abilities
 Hitler joins the German
worker’s Party
 Becomes NAZI Party
 Political Oratory
 Excellent public speaker
 Had excellent
Leadership abilities
 1921
 Voted the Fuhrer (leader)
of the NAZI party

16. The Nazi Party
 Violently Nationalistic
 Storm Troopers (SA)
 The Nazi’s military force
 Anti-Semitic
 Hatred of Jews
 Looked upon the
German people as
superior to other races
 Believed the Jews were
an inferior race

17. Hitler in Prison
 Hitler is thrown into prison
for a failed attempt to
overthrow the government
 While in prison he writes
Mein Kampf (My Struggle)
 Book about Hitler’s major
views
1. Outlined his belief in the
superiority of the Aryan Race
2. Outline his plan for taking
control of Europe
3. Conquest of Lebensraum
 Living space for the German
people

18. To Total Power
 To Power
 Nazi Party gains power
quickly and Hitler
becomes Chancellor of
Germany
 Hitler eliminates the
Government
 Becomes the complete
dictator of Germany
 Third Reich
 Hitler’s name for his new
Empire
 Hitler predicts his new
Reich will last 1,000 years

19. Dictator.
 Hatred towards Jews
 Gestapo
 Secret Police that begins to
relentlessly track down
enemies of the state
 Constantly hunted down
Jews and Hitler’s Enemies

20. Isolationists
 Isolationism
 Not becoming involved
in other nation’s issues
 American Neutrality Act
 US is neutral but can
sell weapons to Allies
 Lend Lease Bill
 US can “lend or lease”
weapons to Britain that
will be repaid after the
war

21. American Policy Toward Japan
 Japan becomes
aggressive in the Pacific
 American Embargo
 Stopped exports of
aviation fuel and iron to
Japan
 Japan has no resources
to supply their Empire
 What should Japan Do?

22. American Policy Toward Japan.
 ATTACK!
 Decides to attack the
American Fleet at Pearl
Harbor, Hawaii
 Must destroy the Pacific
Fleet in the Pacific

24. Pearl Harbor
 December 7th, 1941
 Radar station on Hawaii
detects oncoming
Japanese planes
 Report is ignored because
operators think it is an
expected shipment

26. Pearl Harbor.
 Devastating Attacks
 2,400 American lives
lost
 Japan loses 29 planes
 Disaster for America
 Boats and Planes had
been parked closely
together
 America’s Pacific Fleet
crippled

27. American Response
 Isolationism is OVER!
 FDR calls emergency
meeting of Congress
 Day of Infamy Speech
 Asks Congress to
declare war against
Japan
 Congress declares war