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Shodh, Samiksha aur Mulyankan (International Research Journal)—ISSN-0974-2832,Vol. II, Issue-11-12 (Dec.2009—Jan.2010)        163



÷Ê⁄Uà ∑§ ÁŸÿʸà √ÿʬÊ⁄U ◊¥ ∑ΧÁ· ©Uà¬ÊŒÊ¥ ∑§Ë ÁSÕÁÃ
•ÊÁÕ¸∑§ ©UŒÊ⁄UË∑§⁄UáÊ ∑§ ‚¢Œ÷¸ ◊¥ •äÿÿŸ

                                                                                                         *«UÊÚ. ‡ÊË‹øãº˝ ªÈåÃÊ
‡ÊÊœ¬òÊ-•Õ¸‡ÊÊSòÊ

      fdlh Hkh ns'k dh vFkZO;oLFkk esa fons'kh O;kikj dk             izfØ;k esa d`f"k fodkl dks izkFkfed LFkku fn;k tkuk pkfg;s
egRoiw.kZ LFkku gksrk gS A izfrf"Br ,oa uo izfrf"Br vFkZ'kkfL=;ksa   D;ksafd ?kjsyq ekax dh vkiwfrZ] vkRefuHkZjrk ,oa fu;kZr o`f)
us ns'k ds vkfFkZd fodkl esa vUrjkZ"Vªh; O;kikj dks vR;f/kd          tSlh vk/kkjHkwr leL;k,W d`f"kxr fodkl ls gh gy dh tk
                                                              1
egRo nsrs gq, mls fodkl dk batu fu:fir fd;k Fkk A                    ldrh gS A d`f"k dk fodkl ,oa foLrkj gksus ls ns'k dh
Hkkjr esa Lora=k izkfIr ds ckn viuk;s x;s vkfFkZd fu;kstu            fu;kZr {kerk c<+ tkrh gS ftldk izHkko vf/kd ek=k esa
                                                                                                                   3
ds izkjEHk ls gh fons'kh fofue; laca/kh dfBukbZ;k lkeus vk;h         fons'kh fofue; vftZr djuk gksrk gS A
gSA ljdkj us fu;kZr lao)Zu dh vko';drk dks Lohdkj                           Hkkjr tSls fodkl'khy ns'k [kk|&inkFkksZ vkSj dPps eky
djds vk;kr&fu;kZr uhfr] jktdks"kh; ,oa ekSfnzd uhfr;ksa ds           ds fu;kZrd jgs gS A tSls&tSls vkfFkZd fodkl c<+rk gS]
}kjk fu;kZrksa esa o`f) djus ds fo'ks"k iz;kl fd;s gS A Hkkjr        dPps eky dk fu;kZr de gks tkrk gS D;ksfd ns'k esa c<rs gq,
tSls vYifodflr ns'k vf/kdrj fu;kZrksa ds fy, dqN d`f"k               m|ksxksa ds fy, dPps eky dh ekax c<+ tkrh gS A tula[;k
inkFkksZ d mRiknu esa fof'f"Vdj.k djrs gS A tc fu;kZr ;ksX;          dh rhoz o`f) ds dkj.k fu;kZr ds fy, miyC/k [kk| vfrjsd
oLrqvksa dk mRiknu c<+krs gS rks muds fu;kZrksa esa o`f) gksrh       ;k rks cgqr de gks tkrk gS ;k ?kkVs esa ifjofrZr gks tkrk gS
gS ftlls os vf/kd fons'kh fofue; dekrs gS A tc vFkZO;oLFkk           A ifj.kkeLo:i fodkl'khy vFkZO;oLFkk dks vius fu;kZr
[kk|&mRiknuesa vkRe fuHkZjrk ds y{; dks izkIr djus dk                c<kus ds fy, ubZ oLrqvksa vkSj u;s cktkj <wa<us iM+rs gS A
                                                                     4
iz;Ru djrh gS rks [kk|kUuksa ds c<+s gq, foØ; vfrjsd ls                   Hkkjr ds fons'kh O;kikj dk vf/kdka'k Hkkx d`f"k ls izkIr
fons'kh fofue; esa cpr gksrh gSA [kk| rFkk fu;kZr ;ksX;              gksrk gS A fdUrq d`f"k fu;kZrksa dks vksj mnkj cukus ds lEca/
Qlyksa ds vf/kd mRiknu ls u dsoy fons'kh fofue; dh                   k esa foey tkyku dk rdZ gS fd bl fn'kk esa cgqr lksp
cpr rFkk dekbZ gksrh gSS cfYd vFkZO;oLFkkds vU; {ks=ks dk            le>dj pyus dh vko';drk gS D;ksfd Hkkjr esa d`f"k {ks=
                         2
fodkl Hkh gksrk gS A                                                 dk ldy ?kjsyw mRikn esa fgLls dh n`f"V ls rFkk jkstxkj]
      izkphu dky ls gh Hkkjr ds vkfFkZd fodkl esa d`f"k dk           xjhch vkSj miHkksDrk dY;k.k dh n`f"V ls cgqr egRo gSA
egRoiw.kZ LFkku gS] D;ksafd ;gkW dh vf/kdka'k tula[;k d`f"k          mnkgj.k ds fy, [kk|kUuksa esa fu;kZrksa dks vdLekr [kksy nsus
ls gh thfodksiktZu djrh gS A blds lkFk gh vkfFkZd                    ls ?kjsyq dherksa eas rsth ls o`f) gks ldrh gS ftldk xjhc
fodkl ds fy, d`f"k vU; m|ksxksa ds fy, dPps eky dh iwfrZ             turk ij cqjk izHkko iM+ ldrk gS A vesfjdk vkSj ;wjksfi;
djrh gS A d`f"k lHkh m|kasxks dh tuuh vkSj ekuo thou dh              la?k ds ns'kksa }kjk vius d`f"k fu;kZrksa dks tks O;kid lgk;rk
iks"kd jgh gS A bls vkfFkZd fodkl dh dqath Hkh dgk tkrk              nh tkrh gS mlls Hkkjr ds fy, fLFkfr fLFkfr vkSj tfVy gks
gS D;ksafd vkS|ksfxdj.k ewy :i ls d`f"kxr fodkl dh gh nsu            tkrh gS A mi;qZDr dkj.kks ls foey tkyku dk rdZ gS fd
gS A fo'ks"k :i ls Hkkjr tSls ns'k ftudk izeq[k O;olk; d`f"k         ^^O;kikj mnkjhdj.k dh izfØ;k igys mu xSj&[kk| oLrqvksa
gS vius lhfer lk/kuksa }kjk vkfFZkZd fodkl dh ÅWph nj rc             esa izkjEHk djuk pkfg;s ftudk fu/kZu yksxks ds miHkksx esa
                                                                                                   5
rd izkIr ugh dj ldrs tc rd fd os vius vk/kkjHkwr d`f"k               egRoiw.kZ LFkku ugh gS A** Hkkjr esa o"kZ 1991 ls viuk;s
m|ksx dks mUur u dj ys A izks- yqbZl] dksys] gwoj okbuj              x;s O;kikj lq/kkjks dk eq[; m}s'; fu;kZr lao)Zu xfrfof/k;ksa
rFkk fdUMy ctZj tSls vFkZ'kkfL=;ksa dk er gS fd fodkl                dks c<+kok nsuk gS A blds vUrxZr d`f"k {ks= ds fu;kZrksa dks

             * ‚„UÊÿ∑§ ¬˝Êäÿʬ∑§, •Õ¸‡ÊÊSòÊ Áfl÷ʪ, ‡ÊÊ‚∑§Ëÿ SŸÊÃ∑§ÊûÊ⁄U ◊„UÊÁfllÊ‹ÿ, Ÿ⁄UÁ‚¢„Uª…∏U (◊.¬˝.)
164      ‡ÊÊœ, ‚◊ˡÊÊ •ÊÒ⁄U ◊ÍÀÿÊ¢∑§Ÿ (•ãÃ⁄U⁄UÊCÔ˛UËÿ ‡ÊÊœ ¬ÁòÊ∑§Ê)—ISSN-0974-2832,Vol. II, Issue-11-12 (Dec.2009—Jan.2010)

fo'ks"k izksRlkgu fn;k x;k gS A vk;kr fu;kZr uhfr 2002&07            izkIr vk; ,oa mldk ns'k ds dqy fu;kZr esa ;ksxnku lkj.kh&1
esa Hkkjr ljdkj us d`f"k fu;kZrksa dks izksRlkfgr djus ds fy,        esa n'kkZ;k x;k gSa A
dbZ egRoiw.kZ dneksa dh ?kks"k.kk dh A blesa rkts o ifj"d`r]                d`f"k mRiknksa ds fu;kZr dh lajpuk Hkkjr esa d`f"k
Qy Qwy] lfCt;kW] iksYVªh o Ms;jh mRikn rFkk xsgwW o pkoy             mRiknksa ds fu;kZr O;kikj dh lajpuk esa fu;kstudky esa
mRiknksa ds fy, ifjogu lgk;rk dh O;oLFkk dh xbZ A                    egROkiw.kZ ifjorZu gq;s gS A vkfFkZd lq/kkjksa ds iwoZ ¼1981ls
blls fdlku d`f"k fofo/khdj.k ds fy, izsfjr gksxsa A Hkkjrh;          1991½ d`f"k fu;kZr esa tgkW [kyh] dktq fxjh] elkys] phuh
[kk| fuxe ds ikl tek [kk|kUuksa ds Hk.Mkjksa dks fu;kZr djus         vksj 'khjk] dikl ,oa eNyh rFkk eNyh ls cuh oLrqvksa dh
ds fy, Hkh ifjogu lgk;rk dh O;oLFkk djus dk izko/kku                 ek=k esa o`f) gqbZ] ogha dkQh] pk; vkSj esV] rEckdw ,oa pkoy
fd;k x;k gS A blds vfrfjDr d`f"k fu;kZr {ks= cukus dk                dh fu;kZr ek=k esa deh ifjYkf{kr gqbZ A vkfFkZd lq/kkjksa ds
izko/kku fd;k x;k gS ftlls {ks= fo'ks"k esa miyC/k ckxokuh           ckn ¼1991 ls 2008½ dh vof/k es dkQh ] [kyh] rEckdq ]
                                                         6
mRiknksa ds fu;kZrksa dks izksRlkfgr fd;k tk lds A u;h               dktw fxjh] elkys ] phuh vksj 'khjk ]dikl ,oa pkoy dh
fons'kh O;kikj uhfr 2004&09 esa d`f"k {ks= ds fy;s Qyksa]            +fu;kZr ek=k esa mYys[kuh; o`f) gqbZ gS A fdUrq pk; vkSj esV
lfCt;kW] Qwyksa] rqPN ou mRiknksa] nqX/k] eqxhZikyu rFkk muds        dh fu;kZr ek=k essa deh vk;h gS d`f"k oLrqvksa dh fu;kZr ek=k
ewY; o`f) mRiknksa ds fy;s o ,d u;h fo'ks"k d`f"k mit                ,oa mlesa gq, ifjorZu dk C;kSjk lkj.kh&2 esa fn;k x;k gSA
;kstuk izkjEHk dh xbZ gS A bl ;kstuk dk mn~ns'; ,sls                        lkj.kh&1 Hkkjr esa d`f"k oLrqvksa ds
mRiknksa ds fu;kZrdkssa dk izksRlkgu nsdj Qyksa] lfCt;ksa ] Qwyksa   fu;kZr ls izkIr vk;
] lk/kkj.k oU; mit] Ms;jh] ikSYVªh] ekal vksj buds ewY;                     o"kZ             d`f"k oLRkqvkasa  dqy fu;kZr
laacaf/kr mRiknksa dks c<kok nsuk gS A7                                                        ds fu;kZr          vk; esa
       mn~ns'; ,oa v/;;u izfof/k             Hkkjr es a vkfFkZ d                             ls izkIr vk;      d`f"k fu;kZr
mnkjhdj.k vkSj O;kikj lq/kkjksa dh uhfr ¼1991½ dks viuk;s                                     ¼djksM :-½       dk izfr'kr
gq, Ms< n'kd ls vf/kd le; gks x;k gS A izLrqr 'kks/k&i=                     1960&61               284               44-2
dk mn~ns'; Hkkjr esa O;kikj lq/kkj ,oa fu;kZr lao)Zu uhfr                   1980&81               2057              30-6
dk d`f"k mRiknksa ds fu;kZrksa ij izHkko dk v/;;u djuk gS                   1990&91               6317              19-4
A blds vUrxZr d`f"k fu;kZrksa dh lajpuk ,oa mlesa gq;s                      2000&01              28535              14-0
egRoiw.kZ ifjorZuksa dk xgu fo'Yks"k.k fd;k x;k gS A mlesa                  2007&08              76006              11-6
rqyukRed v/;;u ds fy;s vkfFkZd mnkjhdj.k ds iwoZ ,oa                        L=ksr%&vkfFkZd leh{kk 2008&09] lkj.kh&7-3 ¼d½] ¼[k½
mnkjhdj.k ds ckn Hkkjr esa d`f"k mRIkknksa ds fu;kZr dk              i`"B A 86 ls 89 lkj.kh&1 ls Li"V gS fd tgkW o"kZ 1960&61
rqYkukRed fo'ys"k.k fd;k x;k gS A bl 'kks/k&i= dh v/                 esa d`f"k oLRkqvksa ds fu;kZr ls dqy 284 djksM :i;sa izkIr gq;s
;;u izfof/k f}rh;d leadks ds fo'ys"k.k ij vk/kkfjr gS A              Fks tks c<dj 1990&91 esa 6317 djksM :i;s RkFkk 2007&08
       vUrjkZ"Vªh; O;kikj esa d`f"k dk ;ksxnku fo'o ds               esa 76006 djksM :i;s gks x;s A fdUrq dqy fu;kZr O;kikj
fu;kZr O;kikj esa Hkkjr dk fgLlk lu~ 1942 esa 2-2 izfr'kr            esa d`f"k fu;kZr dk izfr'kr fujUrj de gks jgk gS A tgkW ;g
Fkk Tkks yxkrkj de gksdj 1983 esa 0-5 izfr'kr jg x;k                 izfr'kr 1960&61 esa 44-2 Fkk ] ?kVdj 1990&91 esa 19-4
ftlls ns'k ds le{k fons'kh eqnzk dk ladV mRiUu gqvk A                RkFkk 2007&08 esa 11-6 izfr'kr jg x;k A
rRi'pkr o"kZ 1991 esa viuk;s x;s vkfFkZd lq/kkjksa ds ckn                   lkj.kh&2 ds fo'ys"k.k ls Li"V gS o"kZ 1980&81 ls
fo'o fu;kZr esa Hkkjr dk fgLlk c<dj o"kZ 2001 esa 0-7                2007&08 dh vof/k esa Hkkjr esa d`f"k fu;kZr dh ek=k esa lcls
izfr'kr rFkk o"kZ 2008 esa 1-1 izfr'kr gks x;k gS A8 Hkkjr ds        vf/kd o`f) phuh vksj 'khjk ds fu;kZr esa ¼5654-3 izfr'kr½ gqbZ
fons'kh O;kikj dk ,d c<k Hkkx d`f"k ls izkIr gksrk gS A foxr         gS A blds ckn dikl dh fu;kZr ek=k es 1083-6 izfr'kr]
dqN o"kksZ esa Hkkjr ds fu;kZr ,oa d`f"k oLrqvksa ds fu;kZr dh       pkoy esa 790-1 izfr'kr] [kyh esa 679-8 izfr'kr] elkys esa
ek=k ,oa ewY; essa cMksRrjh gqbZ gS A d`f"k {ks= ls fu;kZr dh        627-4 izfr'kr] dktw fxjh esa 290-1 izfr'kr] dkQh esa 104-
tkus okyh oLrqvksa esa pk;] dkWQh] rEckdq] dktq] twV] dikl]          2 izfr'kr rFkk rEckdw essa dsoy 89-8 izfr'kr dh o`f) gqbZ A
Åu] cknku] [kk| rsy] lqikjh] xksan] fdlfel] peMk] [kyh]              fdUrq pk; vkSj esV dh fu;kZr ek=k esa bl vof/k esa yxHkx
elkys] pkoy] ,oa Qy izeq[k gS A d`f"k oLrqvksa ds fu;kZr ls          14 izfr'kr dh deh vk;h gS A
Shodh, Samiksha aur Mulyankan (International Research Journal)—ISSN-0974-2832,Vol. II, Issue-11-12 (Dec.2009—Jan.2010)   165


    eq[; fu;kZrksa esa d`f"k mRiknksa dh fLFkfr           vU; vkSj voxhZd`r enksa dh oLrqvksa dk fgLlk c<k gS A
    Hkkjr ds fu;kZr O;kikj esa foxr nks n'kdksa esa d`f"k eq[; fu;kZrksa esa d`f"k vkSj lacaf/kr oLrqvksa dk Hkkx lkj.kh&3
mRiknksa dk fgLlk fujUrj de gqvk gS A tcfd v;Ld vkSj esa n'kkZ;k x;k gSA
[kfut fofufeZr oLrq,] dPpk rsy ,oa isVªkfy;e mRikn]
                                   lkj.kh&2 Hkkjr esa d`f"k fu;kZr dh ek=k ¼gtkj Vu½
     oLrq,a                    1980&81            1990&91                 2007&08               1981 ls 2008 esa
                                                                                                ifjorZu ¼izfr'kr½
 1- dkQh                     87-3             86-5                178-3                         104-2
 2- pk; vksj esV             229-2            199-1               197-4                         ¼&½ 13-9
 3- [kyh                     886-0            2447-8              9609-0                        679-8
 4- rEckdw                   91-3             87-1                173-3                         89-8
 5- dktw fxjh                32-3             55-5                126-0                         290-1
 6- elkys                    84-2             103-3               612-5                         627-4
 7- phuh vksj f'kjk          97-0             191-0               5582-0                        5654-3
 8- dikl                     131-6            374-4               1557-6                        1083-6
 9- pkoy                     726-7            505-0               6468-1                        790-1
 10- eNyh rFkk eNyh          69-4             158-9               &                             &
      ls cuh oLrq,Wa
 L=ksr%&vkfFkZd leh{kk 2008&09] i`"V A& 86 ls 88 rd
                        lkj.kh&3 eq[; fu;kZrksa esa d`f"k dk fgLlk ¼izfr'kr½
 oLrq lewg                                1995&96                 2000&01                  2007&08
  I- d`f"k vksj lacaf/kr oLrq,a           19-2                    13-5                        11-6
      ftlesa ls
 1- pk;                                   1-1                     1-0                         0-3
 2- dkQh                                  1-4                     0-6                         0-3
 3 vukt                                   4-7                     1-7                         0-5
 4- vfufeZRk rEckdw                       0-4                     0-3                         0-2
 5- elkys                                 0-7                     0-8                         0-6
 6- dktw                                  1-2                     0-9                         0-3
 7- vk;y ehYl                             2-2                     1-0                         1-2
 8- Qy lfCt;ka vkSj nkys                  0-7                     0-6                         0-5
 9- lkeqfnzd mRikn                        3-2                     3-1                         1-1
 10- dikl                                 0-2                     0-1                         1-4
  II- v;Ld vkSj [kfut                     3-7                     2-6                         5-0
  III fofufeZr oLrq,W                     75-2                    78-0                        64-4
  IV- dPpk rsy ,oa iSVªksfy;e mRikn 1-4                           4-2                         17-8
 V- vU; vkSj voxhZd`r ensa                0-5                     1-7                         1-2
      dqy ;ksx                            100-0                   100-0                      100-0
      L=ksr%& vkfFkZd leh{kk 1997&98 i`"B 5&89] vkfFkZd leh{kk 2002&03 i`"B 3 ls S- 87 ,oa vkfFkZd leh{kk 2008&09
lkj.kh 7-3 ¼[k½ i`"B A&89 ls ladfyr A
166     ‡ÊÊœ, ‚◊ˡÊÊ •ÊÒ⁄U ◊ÍÀÿÊ¢∑§Ÿ (•ãÃ⁄U⁄UÊCÔ˛UËÿ ‡ÊÊœ ¬ÁòÊ∑§Ê)—ISSN-0974-2832,Vol. II, Issue-11-12 (Dec.2009—Jan.2010)

       lkj.kh &3 ds fo'sy"k.k ls Li"V gS fd Hkkjr ds eq[; ewY; esa izeq[k ;ksxnku pk; vksj esV ¼16-9 izfr'kr½] eNyh
fu;kZrksa esa ,d vksj d`f"k tgkW d`f"k ,oa lacaf/kr oLrqvksa dk rFkk eNyh ls cuh oLrq,a ¼15-2 izfr'kr½] dikl ¼13-4
fgLlk ?kVk gS] ogh nwljh vkSj d`f"k fu;kZr dh izeq[k oLrqvksa izfr'kr½] [kyh ¼9-6 izfr'kr½ rFkk pkoy ¼7-3 izfr'kr½ dk gks
dh vkarfjd lajpuk esa Hkh ifjorZu gqvk gS A ns'k ds eq[; x;k Fkk A O;kikj mnkjhdj.k ds ckn o"kZ 2007&08 esa d`f"k
fu;kZrksa esa o"kZ 1995&96 ls 2007&08 dh vof/k esa d`f"k fu;kZr ewY; esa lokZf/kd fgLlk Øe'k% eNyh rFkk eNyh ls
OkLrqvksa] ;Fkk& pk;] dkQh ] vukt] vfufeZRk rEckdq ] elkys cuh oLrq,a ¼9-1 izfr'kr½] pkoy ¼15-5 izfr'kr½] dikl ¼11-
dktw] vk;y ehYl] Qy lfCt;kW vkSj nkyas] lkeqfnzd mRIkkn 7 izfr'kr½] [kyh ¼10-7 izfr'kr½] phuh vkSj 'khjk ¼7-4
dk fgLlk de gqvk gS A dsoy dikl dk fgLlk bl vof/ izfr'kr½] elkys ¼5-5 izfr'kr½ ,oa Qy lfCt;ka vkSj nkysa ¼5-
k esa c<k gS A d`f"k fu;kZrksa dk ,d egRoiw.kZ ifjorZu ;g Hkh 3 izfr'kr½ dk gks x;k gS A
gS fd mnkjhdj.k ds iwoZ o"kZ 1980&81 esa d`f"k fu;kZr ewY;           fo'o d`f"k fu;kZrksa esa Hkkjr dh Hkkxhnkjh Hkkjr esa
esa izeq[k ;ksxnku dh oLrq,a & pk;] vkSj esV ¼20-7 izfr'kr½] fu;ksftr vkfFkZd fodkl ,oa u;h d`f"k fodkl j.kuhfr
pkoy ¼10-9 izfr'kr½ eNyh vkSj eNyh ls cuh oLrq,a ¼10- ¼gfjr Økafr½ ds QyLo:i d`f"k mRiknu ,oa mRikndrk esa
5 izfr'kr½] dkQh ¼10-4 izfr'kr½] rFkk dikl ¼8-0 izfr'kr½ fujUrj o`f) gqbZ gS A fdUrq fo'oO;kih d`f"k fu;kZrksa esa Hkkjr
Fkh A fdUrq mnkjhdj.k ds izkjaHk ¼1990&91½ esa d`f"k fu;kZr dk fgLlk fujUrj ?kVk gS A blds fy;s izeq[k :i ls
mRrjnk;h dkj.k ns'k esa tula[;k dh rzho xfr ls o`f) gksuk gS A c<rh gqbZ tula[;k dh [kk| t:jrksa dks iwjk djus
ds mijkURk d`f"k mRiknksa dk fu;kZr ;ksX; vfrjsd de gh cprk gS A fo'o d`f"k fu;kZrksa esa Hkkjr dk fgLlk lkj.kh&4 esa
n'kkZ;k x;k gS A
                            lkj.kh&4 fo'o O;kih fu;kZrksa esa Hkkjr dk fgLlk
            oLrq,a                              1980                          1990                      2006
      1- pk; vkSj esV                           27-7                          22-1                      9-1
      2- elkys                                  14-5                          7-7                       13-1
      3- RkEckdq vkSj rEckdq mRikn              4-4                           0-8                       1-0
      4- dkWWQh]pk;] dksdks elkys               4-0                           4-0                       2-7
            vkSj mlls fufeZr oLrq,a
      5- pkoy                                   3-7                           6-4                       14-0
      6- eNyh ,oa mlls fufeZr oLrq,             2-0                           1-6                       2-2
      7- vukt vksj mlls fufeZr oLrq,a 0-5                                     0-6                       2-2
      8- ekWl vksj mlls fufeZr oLrq,a           0-4                           0-2                       0-9
      9- lfCt;kW vkSj Qy                        1-1                           0-8                       1-3
      10- dkWQh vkSj mlds vuqdYIk               2-1                           1-7                       2-4
      11- i'kqvksa ds pkjs dh lkexzh            1-6                           2-2                       3-8
      12- vfufeZr rEckdq vksj pwjk              4-4                           2-1                       0-0
      L=ksr%&vkfFkZd leh{kk 2008&09 lkj.kh&7]5 i`"B A&101 ls 103 ls ladfyr A
                                                                    fo'oO;kih d`f"k fu;kZrksa esa Hkkjr dh fgLlsnkjh lcls
      lkj.kh& 4 ls Li"V gS fd fo'o esa pk; vkSj esV ds
                                                             vf/kd pkoy esa c<h gS rFkk ;g o"kZ 1980 esa 3-7 izfr'kr ds
fu;kZr esa o"kZ 1980 esa Hkkjr dk fgLlk ,d pkSFkkbZ ls vf/
                                                             c<dj 2006 esa 14-0 izfr'kr gks xbZ gS A
kd ¼27-7 ifr'kr½ Fkk tks fujURkj ?kVdj o"kZ 2006 esa 9-1
                                                                    blds vfrfjDr vukt vkSj mlls fufeZr oLrq,a] eNyh
izfr'kr jg x;k A blh izdkj elkys ]rEckdq vksj rEckdw
                                                             ,oa mlls fufeZr oLrq,a] eNyh ,oa mlls fufeZr oLrq,a] ekWl
vkSj mRikn ] dkQh] pk;] dksdks] elkys vkSj mlls fufeZr
                                                             vkSj mlls fufeZr oLrq,a] lfCt;kW vkSj Qy] dkQh vksj
oLRkq,a] vfufeZr rEckdq vkSj pwjk ds fu;kZr esa Hkh Hkkjr dh
                                                             mlds vuqdYi i'kqvksa ds pkjs dh lkexzh ds fu;kZr esa fo'o
fgLlsnkjh fujUrj ?kVh gS A
                                                             esa Hkkjr dh Hkkxhnkjh c<h gS A
Shodh, Samiksha aur Mulyankan (International Research Journal)—ISSN-0974-2832,Vol. II, Issue-11-12 (Dec.2009—Jan.2010)                                 167


       fu"d"kZ                                                                          lq>ko
       1- Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk esa d`f"k dk egRoiw.kZ LFkku gSA                          1- Hkkjr esa d`f"k mRiknrk dk Lrj vHkh Hkh fodflr ns'kksa
fu;ksftr vkfFkZd fodkl ,oa gfjr Økafr ds QyLo:i d`f"k                           dh rqyuk esa de gS A vr% d`f"k esa fu;kZr ;ksX; vfrjsd
mRiknu ,oa mRikndrk esa o`f) gqbZ gS A fdUrq dqy fu;kZr                         c<kus ds fy;s d`f"k mRiknksa dh mRikndrk esa vkSj vf/kd o`f)
O;kikj esa d`f"k fu;kZrksa dk izfr'kr fujUrj de gks jgk gS A                    djus dh vko';drk gS A blds fy;s lHkh d`f"k vkxrksa]
dqy fu;kZrksa esa d`f"k dk Hkkx 1960&60 esa 44-2 izfr'kr Fkk                    ;Fkk& mRre cht] [kkn] dhVuk'kd nok,W] _.k] fo|qr ]
tks ?kVdj 1990&91 esa 19-4 izfr'kr RkFkk 2007&08 esa 11-                        flpkabZ lqfo/kkvksa dh miyC?krk c<kuh gksxh A d`f"k dks
6 izfr'kr jg x;k gSA 2- ns'k esa o"kZ 1991 ls viuk;s                            thou&;kiu dk lk/ku ds LFkku ij ,d ykHknk;d O;olk;
x;s O;kikj lq/kkjksa dk eq[; mn~ns'; fu;kZr lao)Zu xfrfof/                      cukuk gksxkA 2- fo'o O;kikj laxBu dh LFkkiuk ,oa Hkkjr
k;ksa dks c<kok nsuk gS A blds varxZr d`f"k {ks= ds fu;kZrksa                   }kjk mnkjhdj.k dh uhfr dks viukus ds ckn d`f"k fu;kZr
dks fo'ks"k izksRlkgu fn;k x;k gS A foxr dbZ o"kksZ ls viuk;h                   O;kikj dks c<kuk ,d pqukSrhiw.kZ dk;Z gks x;k gS A vr% vc
xbZ uohu O;kikj uhfr;kas ds QyLo:i fu;kZr ds {ks= esa
                                                                                ;g vko';d gks x;k gS fd dk;Zdq'kyrk esa lq/kkj djds
laj{k.kkRed mik;ksa dks gVkus dh vuqdqy izfrfØ;k gqbZ gS A
                                                                                mRiknu ykxr dks de djus rFkk mRikfnr oLRqkvksa dh
3- vkfFkZd lq/kkjksa ds ckn fo'o ds fu;kZr O;kikj esa Hkkjr dk
                                                                                xq.koRrk esa Js"Brk ykus ds iz;kl fd;s tk;s blds fy;s
fgLlk c<k gS vkSj ;g o"kZ 2001 esa 0-7 izfr'kr rFkk o"kZ
                                                                                f'kf{kr ;qokvksa dks d`f"k O;olk; dks viukus ds fy;s izsfjr
2008 esa 1-1 izfr'kr gks x;k gS A fdUrq dqy fu;kZr O;kikj
esa d`f"k mRiknksa dk Hkkx fujUrj de gqvk gS tcfd v;Ld                          djuk vko';d gS A 3- ns'k esa fu;kZr laca/kh lwpukvksa ds
vkSj [kfut] fofufeZr OkLrq,a] dPpk rsy ,oa isVªksfy;e mRiknksa                  xzkeh.k {ks=ksa rd foLrkj rFkk fu;kZr O;kikj ds izf'k{k.k
dk fgLlk c<+ x;k gSA 4- fo'o O;kih d`f"k fu;kZrksa esa Hkkjr                    ¼Vªsfuax½ dk vf/kd iz;kl fd;k tkuk pkfg;s A Hkkjrh;
dk fgLlk fujUrj ?kVk gS A mnkjhdj.k ds iwoZ fo'o ds pk;                         d`f"k mRiknksa dk fons'kksa esa izpkj de gS D;ksfda bl fn'kk esa
fu;kZr esa Hkkjr dk Hkkx yxHkx ,d pkSFkkbZ Fkk tks fd                           fd;s x;s ljdkjh iz;kl vf/kd izHkkoh ugh jgs gS] bl ij
mnkjhdj.k ds ckn fujUrj ?kVdj o"kZ 2007&08 easa dsoy 9-                         fo'ks"k /;ku nsuk vko';d gS A lwpuk & izkS|ksfxdh ,oa lapkj
1 izfr'kr jg x;k gS A fo'o d`f"k fu;kZr esa Hkkjr dh                            lqfo/kkvksa dk foLrkj djuk bl fn'kk esa egROkiw.kZ dne gksxk
Hkkxhnkjh lcls vf/kd pkoy esa c<h gS rFkk ;g 1980 esa 3-                        A 4- d`f"k fu;kZrksa es o`f) ds fy;s cktkj dk foLrkj djuk
7 izfr'kr c<dj 2006 esa 14-0 izfr'kr gks xbZ gSA 5- Hkkjr                       vko';d gS A laj{k.kkRed izfrca/k yxkus okys fodflr
ds d`f"k fu;kZrksa esa visf{kr o`f) ugh gksus ds fy;s ns'k dh rzho              ns'kksa ds lkFk f}i{kh; le>kSrs djds Hkkjrh; fu;kZrksa dk
xfr ls c< jgh tula[;k izeq[k :i ls mRrjnk;h gS A blds                           cktkj foLRk`r fd;k tk ldrk gS A vQzzhdk vkSj nf{k.k
lkFk gh fodflr ns'kksa dh foHksnkRed iz'kqYd uhfr;kW] fons'kh                   vesfjdk ds ns'kksa dk Hkkx Hkkjr ds fons'kh O;kikj esa cgqr de
_.kksa dk c<rk Hkkj] Js"B fdLe ds mRiknksa dh deh rFkk                          gS ;s Hkkjrh; d`f"k fu;kZr ds fy;s esa cMh ef.M;ka           cu
vUrjkZ"Vªh; laLFkkvksa ds ncko Hkh izeq[k pqUkkSfr;kW cudj mHkjs                ldrs gS A bu              ns'kksa ds lkFk&lkFk e/;iwoZ ,f'k;k ds
gS A blds vfrfjDr Hkkjr dks fons'kh O;kikj ds {ks= esa ,d                       fodkl'khy ns'kksa esa Hkh Hkkjr ds fu;kZr c<us dh i ; k Z I r
vksj tgkW fodflr ns'kksa ls izfrLi/kkZ dk lkeuk djuk iMrk                       lEHkkouk,W gS A bu lq>koksa dks dk;Z :i esa ifjf.kr djus ij
gS ] ogha nwljh vksj phu] nf{k.k dksfj;k] b.Mksusf'k;k]                         Hkkjr ds fu;kZr O;kikj esa d`f"k mRiknksa dk fgLlk c<+k;k tk
Jhyadk vkfn fodkl'khy ns'kksa ls Hkh izfr;ksfxrk djuh iM+                       ldrk gSA
jgh gS A


‚ãŒ÷¸                            ª˝ ã Õ
       1- Jalan, Bimal, the Indian Economy, Problems and Prospects, New Dehli, 1992 . 2. Jhingan, M.L. Economics of
Development ant planning, Vrinda Publicarions (P) Ltd. Dehli, 2007, Page 382 . 3. Singh, S.p. , Economics Development and
planning,s chand and company Ltd. New Dehli, 2003, page 302-03. 4. Dutt, Ruolra & Sundaram, K.p.m, Indian Economy, s
chand and company Ltd. New Dehli, 2009, page 636-37 . 5. Jalan, Bimal, India's Economic policy : preparing for the Twenty
First century, New Dehli, 1996, page 102. 6. feJ ,oa iqjh] Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk] fgeky;k ifCyfalax gkÅl] eqEcbZ] 2006 i`"B 578 7- fons'k O;kikj uhfr
2004&2009] okf.kT; ,oa m|ksx ea=ky; okf.kT; foHkkx] Hkkjr ljdkj] ubZ fnYyh 2005] i`"B& 39 8- vkfFkZd leh{kk 2008&09] Hkkjr ljdkj foRr ea=ky;] vkfFkZd izHkkx]
ubZ fnYyh] 2009 ] i`"B& 142

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INTERNATIONAL INDEXED REFEREED RESEARCH PAPER
 

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  • 1. Shodh, Samiksha aur Mulyankan (International Research Journal)—ISSN-0974-2832,Vol. II, Issue-11-12 (Dec.2009—Jan.2010) 163 ÷Ê⁄Uà ∑§ ÁŸÿʸà √ÿʬÊ⁄U ◊¥ ∑ΧÁ· ©Uà¬ÊŒÊ¥ ∑§Ë ÁSÕÁà •ÊÁÕ¸∑§ ©UŒÊ⁄UË∑§⁄UáÊ ∑§ ‚¢Œ÷¸ ◊¥ •äÿÿŸ *«UÊÚ. ‡ÊË‹øãº˝ ªÈåÃÊ ‡ÊÊœ¬òÊ-•Õ¸‡ÊÊSòÊ fdlh Hkh ns'k dh vFkZO;oLFkk esa fons'kh O;kikj dk izfØ;k esa d`f"k fodkl dks izkFkfed LFkku fn;k tkuk pkfg;s egRoiw.kZ LFkku gksrk gS A izfrf"Br ,oa uo izfrf"Br vFkZ'kkfL=;ksa D;ksafd ?kjsyq ekax dh vkiwfrZ] vkRefuHkZjrk ,oa fu;kZr o`f) us ns'k ds vkfFkZd fodkl esa vUrjkZ"Vªh; O;kikj dks vR;f/kd tSlh vk/kkjHkwr leL;k,W d`f"kxr fodkl ls gh gy dh tk 1 egRo nsrs gq, mls fodkl dk batu fu:fir fd;k Fkk A ldrh gS A d`f"k dk fodkl ,oa foLrkj gksus ls ns'k dh Hkkjr esa Lora=k izkfIr ds ckn viuk;s x;s vkfFkZd fu;kstu fu;kZr {kerk c<+ tkrh gS ftldk izHkko vf/kd ek=k esa 3 ds izkjEHk ls gh fons'kh fofue; laca/kh dfBukbZ;k lkeus vk;h fons'kh fofue; vftZr djuk gksrk gS A gSA ljdkj us fu;kZr lao)Zu dh vko';drk dks Lohdkj Hkkjr tSls fodkl'khy ns'k [kk|&inkFkksZ vkSj dPps eky djds vk;kr&fu;kZr uhfr] jktdks"kh; ,oa ekSfnzd uhfr;ksa ds ds fu;kZrd jgs gS A tSls&tSls vkfFkZd fodkl c<+rk gS] }kjk fu;kZrksa esa o`f) djus ds fo'ks"k iz;kl fd;s gS A Hkkjr dPps eky dk fu;kZr de gks tkrk gS D;ksfd ns'k esa c<rs gq, tSls vYifodflr ns'k vf/kdrj fu;kZrksa ds fy, dqN d`f"k m|ksxksa ds fy, dPps eky dh ekax c<+ tkrh gS A tula[;k inkFkksZ d mRiknu esa fof'f"Vdj.k djrs gS A tc fu;kZr ;ksX; dh rhoz o`f) ds dkj.k fu;kZr ds fy, miyC/k [kk| vfrjsd oLrqvksa dk mRiknu c<+krs gS rks muds fu;kZrksa esa o`f) gksrh ;k rks cgqr de gks tkrk gS ;k ?kkVs esa ifjofrZr gks tkrk gS gS ftlls os vf/kd fons'kh fofue; dekrs gS A tc vFkZO;oLFkk A ifj.kkeLo:i fodkl'khy vFkZO;oLFkk dks vius fu;kZr [kk|&mRiknuesa vkRe fuHkZjrk ds y{; dks izkIr djus dk c<kus ds fy, ubZ oLrqvksa vkSj u;s cktkj <wa<us iM+rs gS A 4 iz;Ru djrh gS rks [kk|kUuksa ds c<+s gq, foØ; vfrjsd ls Hkkjr ds fons'kh O;kikj dk vf/kdka'k Hkkx d`f"k ls izkIr fons'kh fofue; esa cpr gksrh gSA [kk| rFkk fu;kZr ;ksX; gksrk gS A fdUrq d`f"k fu;kZrksa dks vksj mnkj cukus ds lEca/ Qlyksa ds vf/kd mRiknu ls u dsoy fons'kh fofue; dh k esa foey tkyku dk rdZ gS fd bl fn'kk esa cgqr lksp cpr rFkk dekbZ gksrh gSS cfYd vFkZO;oLFkkds vU; {ks=ks dk le>dj pyus dh vko';drk gS D;ksfd Hkkjr esa d`f"k {ks= 2 fodkl Hkh gksrk gS A dk ldy ?kjsyw mRikn esa fgLls dh n`f"V ls rFkk jkstxkj] izkphu dky ls gh Hkkjr ds vkfFkZd fodkl esa d`f"k dk xjhch vkSj miHkksDrk dY;k.k dh n`f"V ls cgqr egRo gSA egRoiw.kZ LFkku gS] D;ksafd ;gkW dh vf/kdka'k tula[;k d`f"k mnkgj.k ds fy, [kk|kUuksa esa fu;kZrksa dks vdLekr [kksy nsus ls gh thfodksiktZu djrh gS A blds lkFk gh vkfFkZd ls ?kjsyq dherksa eas rsth ls o`f) gks ldrh gS ftldk xjhc fodkl ds fy, d`f"k vU; m|ksxksa ds fy, dPps eky dh iwfrZ turk ij cqjk izHkko iM+ ldrk gS A vesfjdk vkSj ;wjksfi; djrh gS A d`f"k lHkh m|kasxks dh tuuh vkSj ekuo thou dh la?k ds ns'kksa }kjk vius d`f"k fu;kZrksa dks tks O;kid lgk;rk iks"kd jgh gS A bls vkfFkZd fodkl dh dqath Hkh dgk tkrk nh tkrh gS mlls Hkkjr ds fy, fLFkfr fLFkfr vkSj tfVy gks gS D;ksafd vkS|ksfxdj.k ewy :i ls d`f"kxr fodkl dh gh nsu tkrh gS A mi;qZDr dkj.kks ls foey tkyku dk rdZ gS fd gS A fo'ks"k :i ls Hkkjr tSls ns'k ftudk izeq[k O;olk; d`f"k ^^O;kikj mnkjhdj.k dh izfØ;k igys mu xSj&[kk| oLrqvksa gS vius lhfer lk/kuksa }kjk vkfFZkZd fodkl dh ÅWph nj rc esa izkjEHk djuk pkfg;s ftudk fu/kZu yksxks ds miHkksx esa 5 rd izkIr ugh dj ldrs tc rd fd os vius vk/kkjHkwr d`f"k egRoiw.kZ LFkku ugh gS A** Hkkjr esa o"kZ 1991 ls viuk;s m|ksx dks mUur u dj ys A izks- yqbZl] dksys] gwoj okbuj x;s O;kikj lq/kkjks dk eq[; m}s'; fu;kZr lao)Zu xfrfof/k;ksa rFkk fdUMy ctZj tSls vFkZ'kkfL=;ksa dk er gS fd fodkl dks c<+kok nsuk gS A blds vUrxZr d`f"k {ks= ds fu;kZrksa dks * ‚„UÊÿ∑§ ¬˝Êäÿʬ∑§, •Õ¸‡ÊÊSòÊ Áfl÷ʪ, ‡ÊÊ‚∑§Ëÿ SŸÊÃ∑§ÊûÊ⁄U ◊„UÊÁfllÊ‹ÿ, Ÿ⁄UÁ‚¢„Uª…∏U (◊.¬˝.)
  • 2. 164 ‡ÊÊœ, ‚◊ˡÊÊ •ÊÒ⁄U ◊ÍÀÿÊ¢∑§Ÿ (•ãÃ⁄U⁄UÊCÔ˛UËÿ ‡ÊÊœ ¬ÁòÊ∑§Ê)—ISSN-0974-2832,Vol. II, Issue-11-12 (Dec.2009—Jan.2010) fo'ks"k izksRlkgu fn;k x;k gS A vk;kr fu;kZr uhfr 2002&07 izkIr vk; ,oa mldk ns'k ds dqy fu;kZr esa ;ksxnku lkj.kh&1 esa Hkkjr ljdkj us d`f"k fu;kZrksa dks izksRlkfgr djus ds fy, esa n'kkZ;k x;k gSa A dbZ egRoiw.kZ dneksa dh ?kks"k.kk dh A blesa rkts o ifj"d`r] d`f"k mRiknksa ds fu;kZr dh lajpuk Hkkjr esa d`f"k Qy Qwy] lfCt;kW] iksYVªh o Ms;jh mRikn rFkk xsgwW o pkoy mRiknksa ds fu;kZr O;kikj dh lajpuk esa fu;kstudky esa mRiknksa ds fy, ifjogu lgk;rk dh O;oLFkk dh xbZ A egROkiw.kZ ifjorZu gq;s gS A vkfFkZd lq/kkjksa ds iwoZ ¼1981ls blls fdlku d`f"k fofo/khdj.k ds fy, izsfjr gksxsa A Hkkjrh; 1991½ d`f"k fu;kZr esa tgkW [kyh] dktq fxjh] elkys] phuh [kk| fuxe ds ikl tek [kk|kUuksa ds Hk.Mkjksa dks fu;kZr djus vksj 'khjk] dikl ,oa eNyh rFkk eNyh ls cuh oLrqvksa dh ds fy, Hkh ifjogu lgk;rk dh O;oLFkk djus dk izko/kku ek=k esa o`f) gqbZ] ogha dkQh] pk; vkSj esV] rEckdw ,oa pkoy fd;k x;k gS A blds vfrfjDr d`f"k fu;kZr {ks= cukus dk dh fu;kZr ek=k esa deh ifjYkf{kr gqbZ A vkfFkZd lq/kkjksa ds izko/kku fd;k x;k gS ftlls {ks= fo'ks"k esa miyC/k ckxokuh ckn ¼1991 ls 2008½ dh vof/k es dkQh ] [kyh] rEckdq ] 6 mRiknksa ds fu;kZrksa dks izksRlkfgr fd;k tk lds A u;h dktw fxjh] elkys ] phuh vksj 'khjk ]dikl ,oa pkoy dh fons'kh O;kikj uhfr 2004&09 esa d`f"k {ks= ds fy;s Qyksa] +fu;kZr ek=k esa mYys[kuh; o`f) gqbZ gS A fdUrq pk; vkSj esV lfCt;kW] Qwyksa] rqPN ou mRiknksa] nqX/k] eqxhZikyu rFkk muds dh fu;kZr ek=k essa deh vk;h gS d`f"k oLrqvksa dh fu;kZr ek=k ewY; o`f) mRiknksa ds fy;s o ,d u;h fo'ks"k d`f"k mit ,oa mlesa gq, ifjorZu dk C;kSjk lkj.kh&2 esa fn;k x;k gSA ;kstuk izkjEHk dh xbZ gS A bl ;kstuk dk mn~ns'; ,sls lkj.kh&1 Hkkjr esa d`f"k oLrqvksa ds mRiknksa ds fu;kZrdkssa dk izksRlkgu nsdj Qyksa] lfCt;ksa ] Qwyksa fu;kZr ls izkIr vk; ] lk/kkj.k oU; mit] Ms;jh] ikSYVªh] ekal vksj buds ewY; o"kZ d`f"k oLRkqvkasa dqy fu;kZr laacaf/kr mRiknksa dks c<kok nsuk gS A7 ds fu;kZr vk; esa mn~ns'; ,oa v/;;u izfof/k Hkkjr es a vkfFkZ d ls izkIr vk; d`f"k fu;kZr mnkjhdj.k vkSj O;kikj lq/kkjksa dh uhfr ¼1991½ dks viuk;s ¼djksM :-½ dk izfr'kr gq, Ms< n'kd ls vf/kd le; gks x;k gS A izLrqr 'kks/k&i= 1960&61 284 44-2 dk mn~ns'; Hkkjr esa O;kikj lq/kkj ,oa fu;kZr lao)Zu uhfr 1980&81 2057 30-6 dk d`f"k mRiknksa ds fu;kZrksa ij izHkko dk v/;;u djuk gS 1990&91 6317 19-4 A blds vUrxZr d`f"k fu;kZrksa dh lajpuk ,oa mlesa gq;s 2000&01 28535 14-0 egRoiw.kZ ifjorZuksa dk xgu fo'Yks"k.k fd;k x;k gS A mlesa 2007&08 76006 11-6 rqyukRed v/;;u ds fy;s vkfFkZd mnkjhdj.k ds iwoZ ,oa L=ksr%&vkfFkZd leh{kk 2008&09] lkj.kh&7-3 ¼d½] ¼[k½ mnkjhdj.k ds ckn Hkkjr esa d`f"k mRIkknksa ds fu;kZr dk i`"B A 86 ls 89 lkj.kh&1 ls Li"V gS fd tgkW o"kZ 1960&61 rqYkukRed fo'ys"k.k fd;k x;k gS A bl 'kks/k&i= dh v/ esa d`f"k oLRkqvksa ds fu;kZr ls dqy 284 djksM :i;sa izkIr gq;s ;;u izfof/k f}rh;d leadks ds fo'ys"k.k ij vk/kkfjr gS A Fks tks c<dj 1990&91 esa 6317 djksM :i;s RkFkk 2007&08 vUrjkZ"Vªh; O;kikj esa d`f"k dk ;ksxnku fo'o ds esa 76006 djksM :i;s gks x;s A fdUrq dqy fu;kZr O;kikj fu;kZr O;kikj esa Hkkjr dk fgLlk lu~ 1942 esa 2-2 izfr'kr esa d`f"k fu;kZr dk izfr'kr fujUrj de gks jgk gS A tgkW ;g Fkk Tkks yxkrkj de gksdj 1983 esa 0-5 izfr'kr jg x;k izfr'kr 1960&61 esa 44-2 Fkk ] ?kVdj 1990&91 esa 19-4 ftlls ns'k ds le{k fons'kh eqnzk dk ladV mRiUu gqvk A RkFkk 2007&08 esa 11-6 izfr'kr jg x;k A rRi'pkr o"kZ 1991 esa viuk;s x;s vkfFkZd lq/kkjksa ds ckn lkj.kh&2 ds fo'ys"k.k ls Li"V gS o"kZ 1980&81 ls fo'o fu;kZr esa Hkkjr dk fgLlk c<dj o"kZ 2001 esa 0-7 2007&08 dh vof/k esa Hkkjr esa d`f"k fu;kZr dh ek=k esa lcls izfr'kr rFkk o"kZ 2008 esa 1-1 izfr'kr gks x;k gS A8 Hkkjr ds vf/kd o`f) phuh vksj 'khjk ds fu;kZr esa ¼5654-3 izfr'kr½ gqbZ fons'kh O;kikj dk ,d c<k Hkkx d`f"k ls izkIr gksrk gS A foxr gS A blds ckn dikl dh fu;kZr ek=k es 1083-6 izfr'kr] dqN o"kksZ esa Hkkjr ds fu;kZr ,oa d`f"k oLrqvksa ds fu;kZr dh pkoy esa 790-1 izfr'kr] [kyh esa 679-8 izfr'kr] elkys esa ek=k ,oa ewY; essa cMksRrjh gqbZ gS A d`f"k {ks= ls fu;kZr dh 627-4 izfr'kr] dktw fxjh esa 290-1 izfr'kr] dkQh esa 104- tkus okyh oLrqvksa esa pk;] dkWQh] rEckdq] dktq] twV] dikl] 2 izfr'kr rFkk rEckdw essa dsoy 89-8 izfr'kr dh o`f) gqbZ A Åu] cknku] [kk| rsy] lqikjh] xksan] fdlfel] peMk] [kyh] fdUrq pk; vkSj esV dh fu;kZr ek=k esa bl vof/k esa yxHkx elkys] pkoy] ,oa Qy izeq[k gS A d`f"k oLrqvksa ds fu;kZr ls 14 izfr'kr dh deh vk;h gS A
  • 3. Shodh, Samiksha aur Mulyankan (International Research Journal)—ISSN-0974-2832,Vol. II, Issue-11-12 (Dec.2009—Jan.2010) 165 eq[; fu;kZrksa esa d`f"k mRiknksa dh fLFkfr vU; vkSj voxhZd`r enksa dh oLrqvksa dk fgLlk c<k gS A Hkkjr ds fu;kZr O;kikj esa foxr nks n'kdksa esa d`f"k eq[; fu;kZrksa esa d`f"k vkSj lacaf/kr oLrqvksa dk Hkkx lkj.kh&3 mRiknksa dk fgLlk fujUrj de gqvk gS A tcfd v;Ld vkSj esa n'kkZ;k x;k gSA [kfut fofufeZr oLrq,] dPpk rsy ,oa isVªkfy;e mRikn] lkj.kh&2 Hkkjr esa d`f"k fu;kZr dh ek=k ¼gtkj Vu½ oLrq,a 1980&81 1990&91 2007&08 1981 ls 2008 esa ifjorZu ¼izfr'kr½ 1- dkQh 87-3 86-5 178-3 104-2 2- pk; vksj esV 229-2 199-1 197-4 ¼&½ 13-9 3- [kyh 886-0 2447-8 9609-0 679-8 4- rEckdw 91-3 87-1 173-3 89-8 5- dktw fxjh 32-3 55-5 126-0 290-1 6- elkys 84-2 103-3 612-5 627-4 7- phuh vksj f'kjk 97-0 191-0 5582-0 5654-3 8- dikl 131-6 374-4 1557-6 1083-6 9- pkoy 726-7 505-0 6468-1 790-1 10- eNyh rFkk eNyh 69-4 158-9 & & ls cuh oLrq,Wa L=ksr%&vkfFkZd leh{kk 2008&09] i`"V A& 86 ls 88 rd lkj.kh&3 eq[; fu;kZrksa esa d`f"k dk fgLlk ¼izfr'kr½ oLrq lewg 1995&96 2000&01 2007&08 I- d`f"k vksj lacaf/kr oLrq,a 19-2 13-5 11-6 ftlesa ls 1- pk; 1-1 1-0 0-3 2- dkQh 1-4 0-6 0-3 3 vukt 4-7 1-7 0-5 4- vfufeZRk rEckdw 0-4 0-3 0-2 5- elkys 0-7 0-8 0-6 6- dktw 1-2 0-9 0-3 7- vk;y ehYl 2-2 1-0 1-2 8- Qy lfCt;ka vkSj nkys 0-7 0-6 0-5 9- lkeqfnzd mRikn 3-2 3-1 1-1 10- dikl 0-2 0-1 1-4 II- v;Ld vkSj [kfut 3-7 2-6 5-0 III fofufeZr oLrq,W 75-2 78-0 64-4 IV- dPpk rsy ,oa iSVªksfy;e mRikn 1-4 4-2 17-8 V- vU; vkSj voxhZd`r ensa 0-5 1-7 1-2 dqy ;ksx 100-0 100-0 100-0 L=ksr%& vkfFkZd leh{kk 1997&98 i`"B 5&89] vkfFkZd leh{kk 2002&03 i`"B 3 ls S- 87 ,oa vkfFkZd leh{kk 2008&09 lkj.kh 7-3 ¼[k½ i`"B A&89 ls ladfyr A
  • 4. 166 ‡ÊÊœ, ‚◊ˡÊÊ •ÊÒ⁄U ◊ÍÀÿÊ¢∑§Ÿ (•ãÃ⁄U⁄UÊCÔ˛UËÿ ‡ÊÊœ ¬ÁòÊ∑§Ê)—ISSN-0974-2832,Vol. II, Issue-11-12 (Dec.2009—Jan.2010) lkj.kh &3 ds fo'sy"k.k ls Li"V gS fd Hkkjr ds eq[; ewY; esa izeq[k ;ksxnku pk; vksj esV ¼16-9 izfr'kr½] eNyh fu;kZrksa esa ,d vksj d`f"k tgkW d`f"k ,oa lacaf/kr oLrqvksa dk rFkk eNyh ls cuh oLrq,a ¼15-2 izfr'kr½] dikl ¼13-4 fgLlk ?kVk gS] ogh nwljh vkSj d`f"k fu;kZr dh izeq[k oLrqvksa izfr'kr½] [kyh ¼9-6 izfr'kr½ rFkk pkoy ¼7-3 izfr'kr½ dk gks dh vkarfjd lajpuk esa Hkh ifjorZu gqvk gS A ns'k ds eq[; x;k Fkk A O;kikj mnkjhdj.k ds ckn o"kZ 2007&08 esa d`f"k fu;kZrksa esa o"kZ 1995&96 ls 2007&08 dh vof/k esa d`f"k fu;kZr ewY; esa lokZf/kd fgLlk Øe'k% eNyh rFkk eNyh ls OkLrqvksa] ;Fkk& pk;] dkQh ] vukt] vfufeZRk rEckdq ] elkys cuh oLrq,a ¼9-1 izfr'kr½] pkoy ¼15-5 izfr'kr½] dikl ¼11- dktw] vk;y ehYl] Qy lfCt;kW vkSj nkyas] lkeqfnzd mRIkkn 7 izfr'kr½] [kyh ¼10-7 izfr'kr½] phuh vkSj 'khjk ¼7-4 dk fgLlk de gqvk gS A dsoy dikl dk fgLlk bl vof/ izfr'kr½] elkys ¼5-5 izfr'kr½ ,oa Qy lfCt;ka vkSj nkysa ¼5- k esa c<k gS A d`f"k fu;kZrksa dk ,d egRoiw.kZ ifjorZu ;g Hkh 3 izfr'kr½ dk gks x;k gS A gS fd mnkjhdj.k ds iwoZ o"kZ 1980&81 esa d`f"k fu;kZr ewY; fo'o d`f"k fu;kZrksa esa Hkkjr dh Hkkxhnkjh Hkkjr esa esa izeq[k ;ksxnku dh oLrq,a & pk;] vkSj esV ¼20-7 izfr'kr½] fu;ksftr vkfFkZd fodkl ,oa u;h d`f"k fodkl j.kuhfr pkoy ¼10-9 izfr'kr½ eNyh vkSj eNyh ls cuh oLrq,a ¼10- ¼gfjr Økafr½ ds QyLo:i d`f"k mRiknu ,oa mRikndrk esa 5 izfr'kr½] dkQh ¼10-4 izfr'kr½] rFkk dikl ¼8-0 izfr'kr½ fujUrj o`f) gqbZ gS A fdUrq fo'oO;kih d`f"k fu;kZrksa esa Hkkjr Fkh A fdUrq mnkjhdj.k ds izkjaHk ¼1990&91½ esa d`f"k fu;kZr dk fgLlk fujUrj ?kVk gS A blds fy;s izeq[k :i ls mRrjnk;h dkj.k ns'k esa tula[;k dh rzho xfr ls o`f) gksuk gS A c<rh gqbZ tula[;k dh [kk| t:jrksa dks iwjk djus ds mijkURk d`f"k mRiknksa dk fu;kZr ;ksX; vfrjsd de gh cprk gS A fo'o d`f"k fu;kZrksa esa Hkkjr dk fgLlk lkj.kh&4 esa n'kkZ;k x;k gS A lkj.kh&4 fo'o O;kih fu;kZrksa esa Hkkjr dk fgLlk oLrq,a 1980 1990 2006 1- pk; vkSj esV 27-7 22-1 9-1 2- elkys 14-5 7-7 13-1 3- RkEckdq vkSj rEckdq mRikn 4-4 0-8 1-0 4- dkWWQh]pk;] dksdks elkys 4-0 4-0 2-7 vkSj mlls fufeZr oLrq,a 5- pkoy 3-7 6-4 14-0 6- eNyh ,oa mlls fufeZr oLrq, 2-0 1-6 2-2 7- vukt vksj mlls fufeZr oLrq,a 0-5 0-6 2-2 8- ekWl vksj mlls fufeZr oLrq,a 0-4 0-2 0-9 9- lfCt;kW vkSj Qy 1-1 0-8 1-3 10- dkWQh vkSj mlds vuqdYIk 2-1 1-7 2-4 11- i'kqvksa ds pkjs dh lkexzh 1-6 2-2 3-8 12- vfufeZr rEckdq vksj pwjk 4-4 2-1 0-0 L=ksr%&vkfFkZd leh{kk 2008&09 lkj.kh&7]5 i`"B A&101 ls 103 ls ladfyr A fo'oO;kih d`f"k fu;kZrksa esa Hkkjr dh fgLlsnkjh lcls lkj.kh& 4 ls Li"V gS fd fo'o esa pk; vkSj esV ds vf/kd pkoy esa c<h gS rFkk ;g o"kZ 1980 esa 3-7 izfr'kr ds fu;kZr esa o"kZ 1980 esa Hkkjr dk fgLlk ,d pkSFkkbZ ls vf/ c<dj 2006 esa 14-0 izfr'kr gks xbZ gS A kd ¼27-7 ifr'kr½ Fkk tks fujURkj ?kVdj o"kZ 2006 esa 9-1 blds vfrfjDr vukt vkSj mlls fufeZr oLrq,a] eNyh izfr'kr jg x;k A blh izdkj elkys ]rEckdq vksj rEckdw ,oa mlls fufeZr oLrq,a] eNyh ,oa mlls fufeZr oLrq,a] ekWl vkSj mRikn ] dkQh] pk;] dksdks] elkys vkSj mlls fufeZr vkSj mlls fufeZr oLrq,a] lfCt;kW vkSj Qy] dkQh vksj oLRkq,a] vfufeZr rEckdq vkSj pwjk ds fu;kZr esa Hkh Hkkjr dh mlds vuqdYi i'kqvksa ds pkjs dh lkexzh ds fu;kZr esa fo'o fgLlsnkjh fujUrj ?kVh gS A esa Hkkjr dh Hkkxhnkjh c<h gS A
  • 5. Shodh, Samiksha aur Mulyankan (International Research Journal)—ISSN-0974-2832,Vol. II, Issue-11-12 (Dec.2009—Jan.2010) 167 fu"d"kZ lq>ko 1- Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk esa d`f"k dk egRoiw.kZ LFkku gSA 1- Hkkjr esa d`f"k mRiknrk dk Lrj vHkh Hkh fodflr ns'kksa fu;ksftr vkfFkZd fodkl ,oa gfjr Økafr ds QyLo:i d`f"k dh rqyuk esa de gS A vr% d`f"k esa fu;kZr ;ksX; vfrjsd mRiknu ,oa mRikndrk esa o`f) gqbZ gS A fdUrq dqy fu;kZr c<kus ds fy;s d`f"k mRiknksa dh mRikndrk esa vkSj vf/kd o`f) O;kikj esa d`f"k fu;kZrksa dk izfr'kr fujUrj de gks jgk gS A djus dh vko';drk gS A blds fy;s lHkh d`f"k vkxrksa] dqy fu;kZrksa esa d`f"k dk Hkkx 1960&60 esa 44-2 izfr'kr Fkk ;Fkk& mRre cht] [kkn] dhVuk'kd nok,W] _.k] fo|qr ] tks ?kVdj 1990&91 esa 19-4 izfr'kr RkFkk 2007&08 esa 11- flpkabZ lqfo/kkvksa dh miyC?krk c<kuh gksxh A d`f"k dks 6 izfr'kr jg x;k gSA 2- ns'k esa o"kZ 1991 ls viuk;s thou&;kiu dk lk/ku ds LFkku ij ,d ykHknk;d O;olk; x;s O;kikj lq/kkjksa dk eq[; mn~ns'; fu;kZr lao)Zu xfrfof/ cukuk gksxkA 2- fo'o O;kikj laxBu dh LFkkiuk ,oa Hkkjr k;ksa dks c<kok nsuk gS A blds varxZr d`f"k {ks= ds fu;kZrksa }kjk mnkjhdj.k dh uhfr dks viukus ds ckn d`f"k fu;kZr dks fo'ks"k izksRlkgu fn;k x;k gS A foxr dbZ o"kksZ ls viuk;h O;kikj dks c<kuk ,d pqukSrhiw.kZ dk;Z gks x;k gS A vr% vc xbZ uohu O;kikj uhfr;kas ds QyLo:i fu;kZr ds {ks= esa ;g vko';d gks x;k gS fd dk;Zdq'kyrk esa lq/kkj djds laj{k.kkRed mik;ksa dks gVkus dh vuqdqy izfrfØ;k gqbZ gS A mRiknu ykxr dks de djus rFkk mRikfnr oLRqkvksa dh 3- vkfFkZd lq/kkjksa ds ckn fo'o ds fu;kZr O;kikj esa Hkkjr dk xq.koRrk esa Js"Brk ykus ds iz;kl fd;s tk;s blds fy;s fgLlk c<k gS vkSj ;g o"kZ 2001 esa 0-7 izfr'kr rFkk o"kZ f'kf{kr ;qokvksa dks d`f"k O;olk; dks viukus ds fy;s izsfjr 2008 esa 1-1 izfr'kr gks x;k gS A fdUrq dqy fu;kZr O;kikj esa d`f"k mRiknksa dk Hkkx fujUrj de gqvk gS tcfd v;Ld djuk vko';d gS A 3- ns'k esa fu;kZr laca/kh lwpukvksa ds vkSj [kfut] fofufeZr OkLrq,a] dPpk rsy ,oa isVªksfy;e mRiknksa xzkeh.k {ks=ksa rd foLrkj rFkk fu;kZr O;kikj ds izf'k{k.k dk fgLlk c<+ x;k gSA 4- fo'o O;kih d`f"k fu;kZrksa esa Hkkjr ¼Vªsfuax½ dk vf/kd iz;kl fd;k tkuk pkfg;s A Hkkjrh; dk fgLlk fujUrj ?kVk gS A mnkjhdj.k ds iwoZ fo'o ds pk; d`f"k mRiknksa dk fons'kksa esa izpkj de gS D;ksfda bl fn'kk esa fu;kZr esa Hkkjr dk Hkkx yxHkx ,d pkSFkkbZ Fkk tks fd fd;s x;s ljdkjh iz;kl vf/kd izHkkoh ugh jgs gS] bl ij mnkjhdj.k ds ckn fujUrj ?kVdj o"kZ 2007&08 easa dsoy 9- fo'ks"k /;ku nsuk vko';d gS A lwpuk & izkS|ksfxdh ,oa lapkj 1 izfr'kr jg x;k gS A fo'o d`f"k fu;kZr esa Hkkjr dh lqfo/kkvksa dk foLrkj djuk bl fn'kk esa egROkiw.kZ dne gksxk Hkkxhnkjh lcls vf/kd pkoy esa c<h gS rFkk ;g 1980 esa 3- A 4- d`f"k fu;kZrksa es o`f) ds fy;s cktkj dk foLrkj djuk 7 izfr'kr c<dj 2006 esa 14-0 izfr'kr gks xbZ gSA 5- Hkkjr vko';d gS A laj{k.kkRed izfrca/k yxkus okys fodflr ds d`f"k fu;kZrksa esa visf{kr o`f) ugh gksus ds fy;s ns'k dh rzho ns'kksa ds lkFk f}i{kh; le>kSrs djds Hkkjrh; fu;kZrksa dk xfr ls c< jgh tula[;k izeq[k :i ls mRrjnk;h gS A blds cktkj foLRk`r fd;k tk ldrk gS A vQzzhdk vkSj nf{k.k lkFk gh fodflr ns'kksa dh foHksnkRed iz'kqYd uhfr;kW] fons'kh vesfjdk ds ns'kksa dk Hkkx Hkkjr ds fons'kh O;kikj esa cgqr de _.kksa dk c<rk Hkkj] Js"B fdLe ds mRiknksa dh deh rFkk gS ;s Hkkjrh; d`f"k fu;kZr ds fy;s esa cMh ef.M;ka cu vUrjkZ"Vªh; laLFkkvksa ds ncko Hkh izeq[k pqUkkSfr;kW cudj mHkjs ldrs gS A bu ns'kksa ds lkFk&lkFk e/;iwoZ ,f'k;k ds gS A blds vfrfjDr Hkkjr dks fons'kh O;kikj ds {ks= esa ,d fodkl'khy ns'kksa esa Hkh Hkkjr ds fu;kZr c<us dh i ; k Z I r vksj tgkW fodflr ns'kksa ls izfrLi/kkZ dk lkeuk djuk iMrk lEHkkouk,W gS A bu lq>koksa dks dk;Z :i esa ifjf.kr djus ij gS ] ogha nwljh vksj phu] nf{k.k dksfj;k] b.Mksusf'k;k] Hkkjr ds fu;kZr O;kikj esa d`f"k mRiknksa dk fgLlk c<+k;k tk Jhyadk vkfn fodkl'khy ns'kksa ls Hkh izfr;ksfxrk djuh iM+ ldrk gSA jgh gS A ‚ãŒ÷¸ ª˝ ã Õ 1- Jalan, Bimal, the Indian Economy, Problems and Prospects, New Dehli, 1992 . 2. Jhingan, M.L. Economics of Development ant planning, Vrinda Publicarions (P) Ltd. Dehli, 2007, Page 382 . 3. Singh, S.p. , Economics Development and planning,s chand and company Ltd. New Dehli, 2003, page 302-03. 4. Dutt, Ruolra & Sundaram, K.p.m, Indian Economy, s chand and company Ltd. New Dehli, 2009, page 636-37 . 5. Jalan, Bimal, India's Economic policy : preparing for the Twenty First century, New Dehli, 1996, page 102. 6. feJ ,oa iqjh] Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk] fgeky;k ifCyfalax gkÅl] eqEcbZ] 2006 i`"B 578 7- fons'k O;kikj uhfr 2004&2009] okf.kT; ,oa m|ksx ea=ky; okf.kT; foHkkx] Hkkjr ljdkj] ubZ fnYyh 2005] i`"B& 39 8- vkfFkZd leh{kk 2008&09] Hkkjr ljdkj foRr ea=ky;] vkfFkZd izHkkx] ubZ fnYyh] 2009 ] i`"B& 142