The document summarizes important theories and research on distance education. The Theory of Independent Study by Charles Wedemeyer outlines six characteristics of distance learning including the student and teacher being in different locations and learning taking place through individual student activity. Malcolm Knowles' theory of Andragogy describes characteristics of adult education, such as creating a supportive learning environment and using instruction that fits learner needs and interests. Research on online teaching and learning identifies four primary categories that impact distance education, including course environment, learner outcomes, learner characteristics, and administrative factors. Key findings indicate a lack of clear definitions, need for instructional design theory, and that interaction and reducing learner anxiety are important for success in online programs.