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Open Source from a Public
Management Perspective


28. March 2012
2nd OSEPA conference
Mag. Bernhard Krabina
Introduction

KDZ – Centre for Public
Administration Research
      NGO, founded 1969
      Competence center for
          Public Management/Public Governance
          Public Finance and
          City Management
      Research, consulting and
       training
      Know-how transfer from
       research to practice



www.kdz.or.at
                                                 2
The big picture…
Open Commons
    Open Content
    Open Data
    Open Source

Free Software


Open Society

                                Open Hardware                              Open Value Chains
                                                                           Open Business
    http://www.flickr.com/photos/37479448@N00/5813391308/in/photostream/
    www.kdz.or.at
                                                                                 20. März 2012 · Seite 3
Roles of Public Administration


                1. writers/editors of FOSS


                2. users of FOSS


                3. promoters of FOSS


                4. regulators of FOSS


www.kdz.or.at
                                        20. März 2012 · Seite 4
Writers/editors

       It is not the duty of the public sector to
        write software.
           Programming only where no adequate software on the
            market.
       Software written by public administrations
        should be

           open source!

           shared!


www.kdz.or.at
                                                       20. März 2012 · Seite 5
Users

       Evaluate Open Source alternatives
           avoid vendor lock-in
           save on license costs
       Don‘t only focus on costs
           Where does the money go? (US company vs. local IT
            company)
           Long-term effects (open source community, benefits for
            other government agencies, reuse, power of public
            administrations as player on the it sector)
       Learn from others
           Many best practices, lack of know-how transfer



www.kdz.or.at
                                                         20. März 2012 · Seite 6
Promoters




       Political aspect (free software)
       Economic aspect (open source)


       Government support schemes for the
        development of FOSS
           be careful about restrictions for applicants

www.kdz.or.at
                                                           20. März 2012 · Seite 7
Regulators

       Open Standards


       Interoperability frameworks


       Regulations for public procurement


       Beware! Standards can lead to „one-
        product-strategies“ e. g. Standard-PC-Client
        in Austrian Federal Ministries
www.kdz.or.at
                                             20. März 2012 · Seite 8
European Championship
                            News items            Users                      Rank
                          Items    Rank       %        Rank       Average               Rank
Country
Spain                         75          3       12       1                    2        1
Italy                         61          4        8       2                    3        2
Germany                       81          2        6       5                3,5          3
France                        82          1        5       6                3,5          3
Belgium                       34          7        8       2                4,5          5
The Netherlands               60          5        5       6                5,5          6
Great Britain                 53          6        5       6                    6        7
Portugal                      27          9        7       4                6,5          8
Sweden                        17         16        5       6                  11         9
Rumania                       25         10        2      12                  11         9
Austria                       22         12        2      13              12,5           -
www.kdz.or.at
                Source: OSOR.eu, 2011                         20. März 2012 · Seite 9
Public Value

       Shareholder value in private sector
       Public value in public sector


       Public value includes
           public goods/interest/benefit
           services/outcome and added value for society


       Does creation/use/promotion/regulation of
        FOSS lead to public value?


www.kdz.or.at
                                                           20. März 2012 · Seite 10
Conclusion

 In modern public management,
        administration cannot argue any longer,
        that political goals have to be set first
        (Löffler/Bovaird 2005).

 Considering creating/editing, using,
        promoting and regulating FOSS should be
        high on the agenda of public management
        officials.

www.kdz.or.at
                                          20. März 2012 · Seite 11
Contact




                 KDZ – Centre for
                  Public Administration
                  Research
                       Bernhard Krabina
                       krabina@kdz.or.at
                       www.twitter.com/krabina
                       www.xing.com/profile/Bernhard_Krabina
                       http://at.linkedin.com/in/krabina
                       http://www.opensourcepublicsector.de/?
                        p=100
www.kdz.or.at
                                                    Seite 12
(Open) Sources ;-)
       AG Bundesclient (2010); „Bundesclient – Abschlussbericht“. In:
        www.ag.bka.gv.at/images/e/e0/Abschlussbericht_Bundesclient_1.0.pdf (2011-10-25)
       Bauer, Helfried; Dearing, Elisabeth (2011); „Public Management und Governance: Globale
        Konzepte im nationalen Kontext“. In: Bauer, Helfried; Biwald, Peter; Dearing, Elisabeth
        (Hrsg.); “Gutes Regieren. Konzepte, Realisierungen, Perspektiven”, NWV 2011
       Bierhals, Gregor (2010); „OSOR: The more they know the more they share. Introducing
        Open Source Software communities to Europe's public sector”. In.
        http://www.osor.eu/studies/osor-the-more-they-know-the-more-they-share.-introducing-
        open-source-software-communities-to-europes-public-sector (2011-10-25)
       Biwald, Peter; Hochholdinger, Nikola; Schantl, Alexandra (2011); „Schaffung von Public
        Value. Zentrale Aspekte und strategische Konsequenzen am Beispiel der gemeinnützigen
        Wohnungswirtschaft“. KDZ Wien 2011. In: http://www.gbv.at/Document/View/4254 (2011-
        11-07)
       Bovaird, Tony; Löffler, Elke (2005); “Politische Steuerung neu gedacht: Eine
        governanceorientierte Konzeption des Verhältnisses von Politik und Verwaltung”. In:
        Bauer, Helfried; Biwald, Peter; Dearing, Elisabeth (Hrsg.) „Public Governance. Öffentliche
        Aufgaben gemeinsam erfüllen und effektiv steuern. NWV. Wien 2005
       CENATIC (2010), “Report on the International Status of Open Source Software 2010”. In:
        http://www.osepa.eu/site_pages/News/33/international%20OSS%20status.pdf (2011-10-
        25)

www.kdz.or.at
                                                                         20. März 2012 · Seite 13
(Open) Sources ;-)
       Dobusch, Leonhard/ Huber, Jakob (2007); „Freie Software für freie BürgerInnen“. In:
        Dobusch, Leonhard /Forsterleitner, Christian; „Freie Netze, freies Wissen“, Echomedia
        2007, http://www.freienetze.at/pdfs/fnfw%28komplett%29.pdf (2011-10-25)
       EUPL (2011); „The European Union Public Licence“ In: http://www.osor.eu/eupl (2011-10-
        25)
       Gøtze, John; Pedersen, Christian Bering (2009); “State of the eUnion – Government 2.0 and
        Onwards”. In http://21gov.net (2011-10-25)
       Hemetsberger, Andrea (2008), "Vom Revolutionär zum Unternehmer - die Free und Open-
        Source Bewegung im Wandel," in: Lutterbeck, Bernd, Bärwolff Matthias und Robert A.
        Gehring (Hrsg.) Open-Source Jahrbuch 2008, 141-151. In:
        http://www.opensourcejahrbuch.de/download/jb2008/ (2011-10-25)
       Heylighen, Francis (2007); „Warum ist Open-Access-Entwicklung so erfolgreich?
        Stigmergische Organisation und die Ökonomie der Information“ In: B. Lutterbeck, M.
        Bärwolff und R. A. Gehring (Hrsg.); „Open Source Jahrbuch 2007. Zwischen freier
        Softwareentwicklung und Gesellschaftsmodell“, Lehmanns Media, Berlin, S. 165-180. In:
        http://www.opensourcejahrbuch.de (2011-10-25)
       IDABC (2010) „Guideline on public procurement of Open Source Software”, European
        Communities, 2009, 2010“ In: http://www.osor.eu/studies/OSS-procurement-guideline-
        public-final-June2010-EUPL-FINAL.pdf (2011-10-25)



www.kdz.or.at
                                                                       20. März 2012 · Seite 14
(Open) Sources ;-)
       ITST (2009), „Open Source Software and the Public Sector“. The National IT and Telecom
        Agency. In: http://en.itst.dk/it-architecture-standards/open-source/filer-om-open-
        source/Open%20source%20software%20and%20the%20public%20sector.pdf (2011-10-25)
       KoopA (1979); „Kieler Beschlüsse (in der Fassung von 1979). Kostenverteilung bei
        Weitergabe sowie gemeinsamer Entwicklung und Pflege von automatisierten Verfahren“.
        In: http://www.koopa.de/beschluesse/dokumente/KielerBeschlFass79_350.pdf (2011-10-25)
       Leiteritz, Raphael (2004); „Open Source-Geschäftsmodelle“. B. Lutterbeck, R. A. Gehring
        (Hrsg.), „Open Source Jahrbuch 2004. Zwischen Softwareentwicklung und
        Gesellschaftsmodell.“, Lehmanns Media, Berlin, S. 1369-170 In:
        http://www.opensourcejahrbuch.de (2011-10-25)
       MERIT (2006); „Study on the Economic impact of open source software on innovation and
        the competitiveness of the Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) sector in
        the EU“. European Commission 2006. In:
        http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/sectors/ict/files/2006-11-20-flossimpact_en.pdf (2011-10-25
       Moody, Glyn (2008); „Richard Stallmans Goldene Regel und das „Digital Commons“ In: B.
        Lutterbeck, M. Bärwolff und R. A. Gehring (Hrsg.), „Open Source Jahrbuch 2008. Zwischen
        freier Software und Gesellschaftsmodell“, Lehmanns Media, Berlin, S. 299-308 In:
        http://www.opensourcejahrbuch.de (2011-10-25)




www.kdz.or.at
                                                                         20. März 2012 · Seite 15
(Open) Sources ;-)
       OSEPA Economic foundation (2011); “Report on the economic foundation of open source
        software”. In:
        http://www.osepa.eu/site_pages/News/89/TAL18A_3%202%203_econfoundFOSS.pdf (2011-
        10-25)
       OSEPA Guide (2011); “Good Practice Guide covering various aspects of
        FOSS usage by European Public Administrations. 1 st (interim) version.”. In:
        http://www.osepa.eu/site_pages/News/87/TAL29B_3%206%202_Good%20practice%20guid
        e_1st_version.pdf (2011-10-25)
       OSEPA Policies (2011); “FOSS European and National Policies and Practices: Analysis
        and Recommendations”. In:
        http://www.osepa.eu/site_pages/News/86/Report_of_evidence_of_national_FOSS_policies_
        v6.pdf (2011-10-25)
       OSOR.eu, News by country (2011); In: http://www.osor.eu/news/aggregator/news/news-by-
        country (2011-10-25)
       OSOR.eu. Projects (2011); In: http://www.osor.eu/projects (2011-10-25)
       OSOR.eu Forges (2011); In: http://www.osor.eu/federated-national-forges-in-europe (2011-
        10-25)
       Parycek, Peter; Schoßböck, Judith (2010); „Transparency for Common Good. Offener
        Zugang zu Information im Kontext gesellschaftlicher und strategischer
        Spannungsfelder“. ITA manuscript, Jänner 2010. In: http://epub.oeaw.ac.at/ita/ita-
        manuscript/ita_11_01.pdf (2011-10-25)
www.kdz.or.at
                                                                        20. März 2012 · Seite 16
(Open) Sources ;-)
       Pasche, Markus; von Engelhardt, Sebastian (2004); „Volkswirtschaftliche Aspekte der
        Open-Source-Softwareentwicklung“. Jenaer Schriften zur Wirtschaftswissenschaft 2004.
        In: www.wiwi.uni-jena.de/Papers/wp-sw1804.pdf (2011-10-25)
       Promberger, Gustav/Kempinger, Gerald (2010); „Open-Commons-Region Linz. Fakten,
        Perspektiven, Maßnahmen.“ In: http://www.linz.at/images/ko-
        Studie_Open_Commons_Region_Linz.pdf (2011-10-25)
       SAGA (2011); „Standards und Architekturen für E-Government“. In:
        http://www.cio.bund.de/DE/Standards/SAGA/saga_node.html (2011-10-25)
       Schein, Manuela (2007); „Call IKT Vienna 2007. Endbericht“. ZIT Zentrum für Innovation
        und Technologie GmbH 2007. In:
        http://www.zit.co.at/fileadmin/user_upload/ZIT/Foerderungen/Calls/CIKT07_Endbericht_Fin
        al59144.pdf (2011-10-25)
       Tapscott, Don; Williams, Anthony D.(2010); „Macrowikinomics. Rebooting Business and
        the World“, 2010. In: http://www.macrowikinomics.com (2011-10-25)
       Vergabekontrollsenat Wien (2009); Entscheidungstext VKS-11551/09, In:
        http://www.ris.bka.gv.at/Dokumente/Verg/VERGT_20100311_11551_09_00/VERGT_201003
        11_11551_09_00.pdf (2011-10-25)
       ZIT (2009); „Open Source für Wien.Ausschreibungstext“, ZIT Zentrum für Innovation und
        Technologie GmbH. In:
        http://www.zit.co.at/fileadmin/user_upload/ZIT/Foerderungen/Calls/Aktuelle_Calls/Open_So
        urce/NEU_Ausschreibungstext_FINAL.pdf (2011-10-25)
www.kdz.or.at
                                                                       20. März 2012 · Seite 17

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Open Source from a Public Management Perspective

  • 1. www.kdz.or.at Open Source from a Public Management Perspective 28. March 2012 2nd OSEPA conference Mag. Bernhard Krabina
  • 2. Introduction KDZ – Centre for Public Administration Research  NGO, founded 1969  Competence center for  Public Management/Public Governance  Public Finance and  City Management  Research, consulting and training  Know-how transfer from research to practice www.kdz.or.at 2
  • 3. The big picture… Open Commons  Open Content  Open Data  Open Source Free Software Open Society Open Hardware Open Value Chains Open Business http://www.flickr.com/photos/37479448@N00/5813391308/in/photostream/ www.kdz.or.at 20. März 2012 · Seite 3
  • 4. Roles of Public Administration 1. writers/editors of FOSS 2. users of FOSS 3. promoters of FOSS 4. regulators of FOSS www.kdz.or.at 20. März 2012 · Seite 4
  • 5. Writers/editors  It is not the duty of the public sector to write software.  Programming only where no adequate software on the market.  Software written by public administrations should be  open source!  shared! www.kdz.or.at 20. März 2012 · Seite 5
  • 6. Users  Evaluate Open Source alternatives  avoid vendor lock-in  save on license costs  Don‘t only focus on costs  Where does the money go? (US company vs. local IT company)  Long-term effects (open source community, benefits for other government agencies, reuse, power of public administrations as player on the it sector)  Learn from others  Many best practices, lack of know-how transfer www.kdz.or.at 20. März 2012 · Seite 6
  • 7. Promoters  Political aspect (free software)  Economic aspect (open source)  Government support schemes for the development of FOSS  be careful about restrictions for applicants www.kdz.or.at 20. März 2012 · Seite 7
  • 8. Regulators  Open Standards  Interoperability frameworks  Regulations for public procurement  Beware! Standards can lead to „one- product-strategies“ e. g. Standard-PC-Client in Austrian Federal Ministries www.kdz.or.at 20. März 2012 · Seite 8
  • 9. European Championship News items Users Rank Items Rank % Rank Average Rank Country Spain 75 3 12 1 2 1 Italy 61 4 8 2 3 2 Germany 81 2 6 5 3,5 3 France 82 1 5 6 3,5 3 Belgium 34 7 8 2 4,5 5 The Netherlands 60 5 5 6 5,5 6 Great Britain 53 6 5 6 6 7 Portugal 27 9 7 4 6,5 8 Sweden 17 16 5 6 11 9 Rumania 25 10 2 12 11 9 Austria 22 12 2 13 12,5 - www.kdz.or.at Source: OSOR.eu, 2011 20. März 2012 · Seite 9
  • 10. Public Value  Shareholder value in private sector  Public value in public sector  Public value includes  public goods/interest/benefit  services/outcome and added value for society  Does creation/use/promotion/regulation of FOSS lead to public value? www.kdz.or.at 20. März 2012 · Seite 10
  • 11. Conclusion  In modern public management, administration cannot argue any longer, that political goals have to be set first (Löffler/Bovaird 2005).  Considering creating/editing, using, promoting and regulating FOSS should be high on the agenda of public management officials. www.kdz.or.at 20. März 2012 · Seite 11
  • 12. Contact  KDZ – Centre for Public Administration Research  Bernhard Krabina  krabina@kdz.or.at  www.twitter.com/krabina  www.xing.com/profile/Bernhard_Krabina  http://at.linkedin.com/in/krabina  http://www.opensourcepublicsector.de/? p=100 www.kdz.or.at Seite 12
  • 13. (Open) Sources ;-)  AG Bundesclient (2010); „Bundesclient – Abschlussbericht“. In: www.ag.bka.gv.at/images/e/e0/Abschlussbericht_Bundesclient_1.0.pdf (2011-10-25)  Bauer, Helfried; Dearing, Elisabeth (2011); „Public Management und Governance: Globale Konzepte im nationalen Kontext“. In: Bauer, Helfried; Biwald, Peter; Dearing, Elisabeth (Hrsg.); “Gutes Regieren. Konzepte, Realisierungen, Perspektiven”, NWV 2011  Bierhals, Gregor (2010); „OSOR: The more they know the more they share. Introducing Open Source Software communities to Europe's public sector”. In. http://www.osor.eu/studies/osor-the-more-they-know-the-more-they-share.-introducing- open-source-software-communities-to-europes-public-sector (2011-10-25)  Biwald, Peter; Hochholdinger, Nikola; Schantl, Alexandra (2011); „Schaffung von Public Value. Zentrale Aspekte und strategische Konsequenzen am Beispiel der gemeinnützigen Wohnungswirtschaft“. KDZ Wien 2011. In: http://www.gbv.at/Document/View/4254 (2011- 11-07)  Bovaird, Tony; Löffler, Elke (2005); “Politische Steuerung neu gedacht: Eine governanceorientierte Konzeption des Verhältnisses von Politik und Verwaltung”. In: Bauer, Helfried; Biwald, Peter; Dearing, Elisabeth (Hrsg.) „Public Governance. Öffentliche Aufgaben gemeinsam erfüllen und effektiv steuern. NWV. Wien 2005  CENATIC (2010), “Report on the International Status of Open Source Software 2010”. In: http://www.osepa.eu/site_pages/News/33/international%20OSS%20status.pdf (2011-10- 25) www.kdz.or.at 20. März 2012 · Seite 13
  • 14. (Open) Sources ;-)  Dobusch, Leonhard/ Huber, Jakob (2007); „Freie Software für freie BürgerInnen“. In: Dobusch, Leonhard /Forsterleitner, Christian; „Freie Netze, freies Wissen“, Echomedia 2007, http://www.freienetze.at/pdfs/fnfw%28komplett%29.pdf (2011-10-25)  EUPL (2011); „The European Union Public Licence“ In: http://www.osor.eu/eupl (2011-10- 25)  Gøtze, John; Pedersen, Christian Bering (2009); “State of the eUnion – Government 2.0 and Onwards”. In http://21gov.net (2011-10-25)  Hemetsberger, Andrea (2008), "Vom Revolutionär zum Unternehmer - die Free und Open- Source Bewegung im Wandel," in: Lutterbeck, Bernd, Bärwolff Matthias und Robert A. Gehring (Hrsg.) Open-Source Jahrbuch 2008, 141-151. In: http://www.opensourcejahrbuch.de/download/jb2008/ (2011-10-25)  Heylighen, Francis (2007); „Warum ist Open-Access-Entwicklung so erfolgreich? Stigmergische Organisation und die Ökonomie der Information“ In: B. Lutterbeck, M. Bärwolff und R. A. Gehring (Hrsg.); „Open Source Jahrbuch 2007. Zwischen freier Softwareentwicklung und Gesellschaftsmodell“, Lehmanns Media, Berlin, S. 165-180. In: http://www.opensourcejahrbuch.de (2011-10-25)  IDABC (2010) „Guideline on public procurement of Open Source Software”, European Communities, 2009, 2010“ In: http://www.osor.eu/studies/OSS-procurement-guideline- public-final-June2010-EUPL-FINAL.pdf (2011-10-25) www.kdz.or.at 20. März 2012 · Seite 14
  • 15. (Open) Sources ;-)  ITST (2009), „Open Source Software and the Public Sector“. The National IT and Telecom Agency. In: http://en.itst.dk/it-architecture-standards/open-source/filer-om-open- source/Open%20source%20software%20and%20the%20public%20sector.pdf (2011-10-25)  KoopA (1979); „Kieler Beschlüsse (in der Fassung von 1979). Kostenverteilung bei Weitergabe sowie gemeinsamer Entwicklung und Pflege von automatisierten Verfahren“. In: http://www.koopa.de/beschluesse/dokumente/KielerBeschlFass79_350.pdf (2011-10-25)  Leiteritz, Raphael (2004); „Open Source-Geschäftsmodelle“. B. Lutterbeck, R. A. Gehring (Hrsg.), „Open Source Jahrbuch 2004. Zwischen Softwareentwicklung und Gesellschaftsmodell.“, Lehmanns Media, Berlin, S. 1369-170 In: http://www.opensourcejahrbuch.de (2011-10-25)  MERIT (2006); „Study on the Economic impact of open source software on innovation and the competitiveness of the Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) sector in the EU“. European Commission 2006. In: http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/sectors/ict/files/2006-11-20-flossimpact_en.pdf (2011-10-25  Moody, Glyn (2008); „Richard Stallmans Goldene Regel und das „Digital Commons“ In: B. Lutterbeck, M. Bärwolff und R. A. Gehring (Hrsg.), „Open Source Jahrbuch 2008. Zwischen freier Software und Gesellschaftsmodell“, Lehmanns Media, Berlin, S. 299-308 In: http://www.opensourcejahrbuch.de (2011-10-25) www.kdz.or.at 20. März 2012 · Seite 15
  • 16. (Open) Sources ;-)  OSEPA Economic foundation (2011); “Report on the economic foundation of open source software”. In: http://www.osepa.eu/site_pages/News/89/TAL18A_3%202%203_econfoundFOSS.pdf (2011- 10-25)  OSEPA Guide (2011); “Good Practice Guide covering various aspects of FOSS usage by European Public Administrations. 1 st (interim) version.”. In: http://www.osepa.eu/site_pages/News/87/TAL29B_3%206%202_Good%20practice%20guid e_1st_version.pdf (2011-10-25)  OSEPA Policies (2011); “FOSS European and National Policies and Practices: Analysis and Recommendations”. In: http://www.osepa.eu/site_pages/News/86/Report_of_evidence_of_national_FOSS_policies_ v6.pdf (2011-10-25)  OSOR.eu, News by country (2011); In: http://www.osor.eu/news/aggregator/news/news-by- country (2011-10-25)  OSOR.eu. Projects (2011); In: http://www.osor.eu/projects (2011-10-25)  OSOR.eu Forges (2011); In: http://www.osor.eu/federated-national-forges-in-europe (2011- 10-25)  Parycek, Peter; Schoßböck, Judith (2010); „Transparency for Common Good. Offener Zugang zu Information im Kontext gesellschaftlicher und strategischer Spannungsfelder“. ITA manuscript, Jänner 2010. In: http://epub.oeaw.ac.at/ita/ita- manuscript/ita_11_01.pdf (2011-10-25) www.kdz.or.at 20. März 2012 · Seite 16
  • 17. (Open) Sources ;-)  Pasche, Markus; von Engelhardt, Sebastian (2004); „Volkswirtschaftliche Aspekte der Open-Source-Softwareentwicklung“. Jenaer Schriften zur Wirtschaftswissenschaft 2004. In: www.wiwi.uni-jena.de/Papers/wp-sw1804.pdf (2011-10-25)  Promberger, Gustav/Kempinger, Gerald (2010); „Open-Commons-Region Linz. Fakten, Perspektiven, Maßnahmen.“ In: http://www.linz.at/images/ko- Studie_Open_Commons_Region_Linz.pdf (2011-10-25)  SAGA (2011); „Standards und Architekturen für E-Government“. In: http://www.cio.bund.de/DE/Standards/SAGA/saga_node.html (2011-10-25)  Schein, Manuela (2007); „Call IKT Vienna 2007. Endbericht“. ZIT Zentrum für Innovation und Technologie GmbH 2007. In: http://www.zit.co.at/fileadmin/user_upload/ZIT/Foerderungen/Calls/CIKT07_Endbericht_Fin al59144.pdf (2011-10-25)  Tapscott, Don; Williams, Anthony D.(2010); „Macrowikinomics. Rebooting Business and the World“, 2010. In: http://www.macrowikinomics.com (2011-10-25)  Vergabekontrollsenat Wien (2009); Entscheidungstext VKS-11551/09, In: http://www.ris.bka.gv.at/Dokumente/Verg/VERGT_20100311_11551_09_00/VERGT_201003 11_11551_09_00.pdf (2011-10-25)  ZIT (2009); „Open Source für Wien.Ausschreibungstext“, ZIT Zentrum für Innovation und Technologie GmbH. In: http://www.zit.co.at/fileadmin/user_upload/ZIT/Foerderungen/Calls/Aktuelle_Calls/Open_So urce/NEU_Ausschreibungstext_FINAL.pdf (2011-10-25) www.kdz.or.at 20. März 2012 · Seite 17