67WS Seminar Event

http://67.org/ws/

Funnel ActionScript

• 1 13:00 14:30
–
– Funnel
– Funnel Gainer
– Funnel
• 2 14:45 16:15
– FIO Funnel I/O
∗ Arduino
∗ XBee
– Funnel 009
–

• 1970
• 1993 2004
–
–
–
• IAMAS 2004
–
–
–

Make Volume 04
Sketch
2008

Make Volume 05
Sketch / Prototype
2008

Make Volume 06
Prototyping Lab:
2009

GAINER
GainerBook Labo 2007 2008

Making Things Talk
Arduino
Tom Igoe 2008

• ITP*1 Tom Igoe

• 1
•

• 1

*1 Interactive Telecommunications Program

PC
• ASCII
• 1
bps

Alto (1973)

http://toastytech.com/guis/

•
•
•

littleBits coﬀemaker*2

*2 http://www.vimeo.com/1389390

•
–
–
•
–
–

1
•
•
• ×XBee×Funnel×PC
• Make: Tokyo Meeting 01-02
IAMAS Gangu Project

2 Jamming Gear
• ×
•
–
–
• ×FIO×Max/MSP×PC
• Make: Tokyo Meeting 01-02
IAMAS Gangu Project

HELLO!!
• 2007.12.22-23
•
• 19
•
• Processing×Funnel×Gainer I/O

PIC AVR
program
A
a0]=ain.o;
aout.1 = 255;

B

C

D

PC Arduino Wiring
program
A
a0]=ain.o;
aout.1 = 255;

B

C

D

PC

program

a0]=ain.o;
aout.1 = 255;

Arduino I/O

SparkFun Electronics

I/O PC Gainer Phidgets

A

B

C

D

PC

program

a0]=ain.o;
aout.1 = 255;

Gainer

• I/O
•
– ActionScript 2/3
– Processing
– Max/MSP

•
–2
– GND
– V

• 1,000 1kΩ
• 1,000,000 1MΩ
• 1,000
1
1mA
• 1
50µA
1,000,000

LED

• LED
20mA
•
•
•

V =I ×R

•V V
•I A
•R Ω

− LED ×R
= LED

R
− LED
R=
LED
5.0V LED 1.8V 10mA
5 − 1.8 3.2
R= = =
0.01 0.01

Funnel
Gainer
• GUI

•

Funnel

•
–
–
–
–
•

Bill Moggridge, Designing Interactions (2006)

Funnel Gainer
• Gainer
–
– Gainer I/O 1:1
• Funnel
–
– Arduino XBee

Funnel
Sketching User Experiences
Getting the Design Right and the Right Design
Bill Buxton Morgan Kaufmann Pub 2007

Funnel

Bill Buxton, Sketching User Experiences (2008)

Funnel
• GUI
•
– Convolution
– SetPoint
– Scaler
– Osc
• I/O

Gainer I/O
2
• din 0 1 2
–
–
• ain 0 1 256
–
–

•
•
– rising edge
– falling edge

1

var wasPressed:boolean = false; //

gio.onReady = function() {
gio.beginDigitalInput();

_root.onEnterFrame = function() {
var isPressed:boolean = gio.digitalInput[0]; //

if (!wasPressed && isPressed) {
// 0 1
} else if (wasPressed && !isPressed) {
// 1 0
}

wasPressed = isPressed; //
};
};

Funnel

2

var gio:Gainer = new Gainer();

gio.digitalInput(0).addEventListener(RISING_EDGE, function(e:Event):void {
// 0 1
});

gio.digitalInput(0).addEventListener(FALLING_EDGE, function(e:Event):void {
// 1 0
});

ain 0
• GainerSignalScope
•
• ain 1
•

ain 0 CdS
•
• GainerSignalScope
•
•

Gainer.remap()

3 Gainer.remap()

import gainer.*;
var gio:Gainer = new Gainer(quot;localhostquot;, 2000, Gainer.MODE1, true);

gio.beginAnalogInput();

var val:Number;
var frames:Number = movieClip._totalframes;

//ain 0 0-255
val = Math.round(Gainer.remap(gio.analogInput[0], 0, 255, 1, frames));

_root.movieClip.gotoAndStop(val);
};
};

Scaler

4 Scaler

gio = new Gainer();

gio.analogInput(0).filters = [new Scaler(0.2, 0.6, 0, 1, Scaler.LINEAR, true)];

1 2

51 2 set point.ﬂa

var threshold:Number = 127; //
var hysteresis:Number = 10; //
var lastState:Number = -1; //

gio.beginAnalogInput();

1 2

61 2

var state:Number = lastState;
var val:Number = gio.analogInput[0];

if (val < threshold) {
state = 0;
} else {
state = 1;
}

if (lastState != state) {
//
}

lastState = state;
};
};

1 2

71 2

var state:Number = lastState;
var val:Number = gio.analogInput[0];

if (val < (threshold - hysteresis)) {
state = 0;
} else if (val > (threshold + hysteresis)) {
state = 1;
}

if (lastState != state) {
//
}

lastState = state;
};
};

SetPoint

8 SetPoint

gio = new Gainer();

gio.analogInput(0).filters = [new SetPoint([0.5, 0.1])];
gio.analogInput(0).addEventListener(RISING_EDGE, onRisingEdge);
gio.analogInput(0).addEventListener(FALLING_EDGE, onFallingEdge);

•
• -1 +1
• sin
•

9 MovingAverageFilter.as

class MovingAverageFilter {
private var _taps:Number; //
private var _values:Array; //

function MovingAverageFilter(taps:Number) {
_taps = taps;
_values = new Array(_taps);
}

function processSample(sample:Number):Number {
var acc:Number = 0;
var i:Number = 0;

//
_values[0] = sample;

10

//
for (i = 0; i < _taps; i++) {
acc = acc + _values[i];
}
acc = acc / _taps;

// 1
// [A][B][C][D][E] ...
// [A][A][B][C][D] ...
for (i = _taps - 1; i > 0; i--) {
_values[i] = _values[i - 1];
}

return acc;
}
}

Gainer

11 MovingAverageFilter

var gio:Gainer = new Gainer(quot;localhostquot;, 2000, Gainer.MODE1, true);

//
var smoothFilter:MovingAverageFilter = new MovingAverageFilter(8);

function loop():Void {
var val:Number = smoothFilter.processSample(this.analogInput[0]);
...

Convolution

12 Convolution

gio = new Gainer();

gio.analogInput(0).filters = [new Convolution(Convolution.MOVING_AVERAGE)];

13

public function GainerAccelerometer() {
gio = new Gainer();

board = new Shape();
...
this.addChild(board);

var smoother:Convolution = new Convolution(Convolution.MOVING_AVERAGE);
var scaler:Scaler = new Scaler(0.30, 0.70, -1, 1, Scaler.LINEAR, true);
gio.analogInput(1).filters = [smoother, scaler];

addEventListener(Event.ENTER_FRAME, loop);
}

private function loop(event:Event):void {
board.rotation = Math.asin(gio.analogInput(1).value) / Math.PI * 180;
}

Gainer I/O
2
• dout 0 1 2
– LED
–
• *3
aout 0 255 256
– LED
–

*3 PWM

14 I/O LED

public function GainerLED() {
...
var circle:Sprite = new Sprite();
...
this.addChild(circle);

circle.addEventListener(MouseEvent.MOUSE_DOWN, mousePressed);
circle.addEventListener(MouseEvent.MOUSE_UP, mouseReleased);
}

private function mousePressed(e:MouseEvent):void {
gio.led.value = 1;
}

private function mouseReleased(e:MouseEvent):void {
gio.led.value = 0;
}

15 I/O LED LED button.ﬂa

gio = new Gainer();

gio.button.addEventListener(PinEvent.RISING_EDGE, buttonPressed);
gio.button.addEventListener(PinEvent.FALLING_EDGE, buttonReleased);
}

private function buttonPressed(e:PinEvent):void {
gio.led.value = 1;
}

private function buttonReleased(e:PinEvent):void {
gio.led.value = 0;
}

16 LED

...
var circle:Sprite = new Sprite();
...
this.addChild(circle);

}

gio.digitalOutput(0).value = 1;
}

gio.digitalOutput(0).value = 0;
}

17 x LED

gio = new Gainer();

stage.addEventListener(MouseEvent.MOUSE_MOVE, mouseMoved);
gio.analogOutput(0).filters = [new Scaler(0, 199, 0, 1, Scaler.LINEAR, true)];
}

private function mouseMoved(e:MouseEvent):void {
gio.analogOutput(0).value = e.stageX;
}

Osc LED

18 Osc LED

...

gio.analogOutput(0).filters = [new Osc(Osc.SQUARE, 0.5, 1, 0, 0)];
}

gio.analogOutput(0).filters[0].start();
}

gio.analogOutput(0).filters[0].stop();
gio.analogOutput(0).value = 0;
}

FIO (Funnel I/O)
• LilyPad Arduino v1.6
•
• XBee

FIO (Funnel I/O) v1.3

- +

Arduino
• Hernando Barrag´n IDII*4
a
Wiring
•

• IDE Arduino I/O

*4 Interaction Design Institute Ivrea

Wiring


Arduino Duemilanove


LilyPad Arduino


Arduino Pro Mini


Arduino ProtoShield


Arduino XBee Shield


Arduino
GND

+5V GND

Gainer vs Arduino
Gainer Arduino Duemilanove
16 20 RX/TX
A/D 8 8bit 6 10bit
PWM 8 8bit 6 8bit
LED 1 0
LED 1 1 D13
Yes Yes
No Yes

Arduino LED

19 Arduino LED

int ledPin = 13;

void setup() {
pinMode(ledPin, OUTPUT);
}

void loop() {
digitalWrite(ledPin, HIGH);
delay(1000);
digitalWrite(ledPin, LOW);
delay(1000);
}

C LED

20 C LED

#include <avr/io.h>
#include <avr/pgmspace.h>
#include <avr/delay.h>

#define CLK_CALIB_DATA (FLASHEND - 3)

void init() {
uint8_t osccal_data = pgm_read_byte(CLK_CALIB_DATA);
if (osccal_data != 0xff) OSCCAL = osccal_data;

DDRB = 0xff;
DDRD = 0xff;

return;
}

C LED

21 C LED

void delay_ms(uint16_t t) {
while (t--) _delay_ms(1);
}

int main(void) {
init();

for (; ;) {
PORTB = 0xff;
delay_ms(500);
PORTB = 0x00;
delay_ms(500);
}
return 0;
}

Arduino PC
•
–
– USB
– Ethernet
•
– Bluetooth
– IEEE 802.15.4 / ZigBee

Firmata
http://ﬁrmata.org/
• Hans-Christoph Steiner
• MIDI
• Arduino 0012

Firmata PC
• Pd (aka Pure Data)
• Processing
• Funnel
• Linux C++
• C++/openFrameworks

10G
IEEE 802.11n
100M
IEEE 802.11a/g

10M IEEE 802.11b

Bluetooth
1M
ANT

100k

ZigBee/IEEE 802.15.4
10k

1k

0.1m 1m 10m 100m 1km

BAN PAN LAN MAN

Wi-Fi Bluetooth 802.15.4/ZigBee
IEEE 802.11a/b/g/n 802.15.1 802.15.4
2.4GHz/5GHz 2.4GHz 866MHz/915MHz/2.4GHz
100m 100m 100m 2.4GHz
300Mbps 3Mbps 250kbps 2.4GHz
32 7 65535

LAN

1

IEEE 802.15.4
• 1
•

IEEE 802.15.4

Star
Point to Point

Point to Multi

802.15.4 Coordinator
802.15.4 End Device

ZigBee

Mesh
Coordinator
Router
End Device

XBee
• IEEE 802.15.4 ZigBee 2 *5

– XBee 802.15.4
– XBee ZB ZigBee PRO
• 3500
•
•

*5

XBee
• 5V
• UDP
•
100kbps

XBee
XBee
• hardware/fio/tool/XBeeConfigTool
•
• PAN ID
•
• MY ID
• Configure

FIO
• XBee Explorer USB PC
• Arduino 15
• Tools Board Arduino Pro/ Pro Mini (8MHz)

• Tools Serial Port
• Open Examples Digital Blink
• Upload to I/O Board

FIO
• hardware/ﬁo/ﬁrmware/FioStandardFirmata
• Upload to I/O Board

FIO
• FIO
• XBee Explorer USB PC
• Funnel Server
• FioTest

Funnel 009
• I2 C
–
–
– LED
• Funnel Server
• XBee FIO
•

•
–
– 3D
–
–
•
•

67WS Seminar Event

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67WS Seminar Event