Gerd Kortuem presents on Internet of Things

GERD KORTUEM | WWW.KORTUEM.COM | @KORTUEM | GERD@KORTUEM.COM | INTERNETOME 2010 LONDON | SLIDE LANCASTER UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF COMPUTING
AND COMMUNICATIONS
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Internetome 2010, London
Internet of Things =
People+ Things + Data
Gerd Kortuem
Lancaster University
www.kortuem.com
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The presentation will be
shared over Twitter:
@kortuem
and on my blog:
www.kortuem.com
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LANCASTER UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF COMPUTING
AND COMMUNICATIONS
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Researcher
Software developer
Consultant
Lancaster University
School of Computing and Communications
Management School
Imagination (Design Department)
Highwire PhD training network
20 (+10/year) PhD students
focused on innovation
transdisciplinary

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My vision
IoT = People+ Things + Data
The value of the Internet (of Things)
increases the more computers
people are connected.
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Homo habilis
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The tool maker

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The operator: handle, control, monitor, observe
Homo habilis
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Homo habilis
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The user: interact, browse, communicate, socialise

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The future homo habilis
How will our relationship to objects
develop?
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The
connected
object
Autonomy
Agency
Data-rich
Communicative
Social
Perceptive
Collaborative
Networked

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We need to develop new models and theories
Human factors, interface design,
user experience design, information
design ... for connected objects.
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Interaction design
Contextual design
Information design
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Case 1: Interaction Design
What is wrong with energy meters?
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Influence, persuade, nudge.
Feedback loops
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Unanticipated effects
After being told that they used more
energy than their neighbours,
republicans who showed no
practical interest in environmental
causes increased electricity use by
0.75 per cent.
Average electricity reduction was 2.5%.
Dora L. Costa, Matthew E. Kahn. (2010) Energy Conservation "Nudges" and Environmentalist
Ideology: Evidence from a Randomized Residential Electricity Field Experiment. NBER Working
Paper No. 15939, May 7, 2010. National Bureau of Economic Research, 1050 Massachusetts Ave.,
Cambridge, MA.
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50% of my Ph.D. students could not
install the energy meters at their
home.
Too much focus on product use, not
enough focus on the rest of the
product lifecycle.
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Maintaining interest
Effects may fade over time.
“The results show that the initial
savings in electricity consumption
of 7.8% after 4 months could not be
sustained in the medium- to long-
term”
van Dam, S. S., Bakker, C. A., van Hal, J. D. M. Home energy monitors: impact over the
medium-term. Building Research & Information. 2010, vol 38, issue 5, pp. 458-469.
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Do we need more screens? Trend to more complexity.
“Energy dashboards” and “home
“energy management systems”
instead of simple controls.
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www.gridpoint.com.
www.tendrilinc.com. http://www.ecovisionsolutions.com.au/

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An alternative approach
Laptop energy management as
example to follow
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Reduced interface
Closing the lid
Automatic energy
management
of all components
User defined energy
management preferences
Energy management
of individual
components
Disk spins down
Cpu reduces speed
Display reduces brightness

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The light power switch
Tangible interaction instead of
persuasion
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controls all devices in a room

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The energy door lock
Door lock as decision and control
point: back in 5 minutes or 5 weeks?
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Unlock
Sleep
Shutdown

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Lesson
Not everything that looks like a
feedback loop should be designed as
such.
Tangible controls vs generic screen-
based control.
Deep modifications may be required
to get interaction right.
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Case 2: Contextual Design
Smart objects for the work place
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Networked sensor drill
Improving health and safety at construction sites
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Protecting against Vibration-White-Finger Syndrome
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Protecting against Vibration-White-Finger Syndrome
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Duration of use
measured
Vibration characteristics
known for each equipment,
measured by manufacturer
Soil condition
assumed
Actual Exposure
Maximum Legal Exposure
Compliant?

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Inform, motivate.
Envisioned feedback loop
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Design process
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Issue 1. Self-Image and social pressure
Safety equipment often not used
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Issue 2. Information disclosure
Unit with display was accepted, unit
w/o display was perceived as
surveillance technology.
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Issue 3. Information accountability
There can be too much information.
If a job needs to get done nobody
(management, worker) wants to
know that someone is over the
exposure limit.
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Issue 4. Unexpected social feedback loops
Operators as source of expertise and
drivers of behavioural change.
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Lessons
Open design
Information disclosure (may be good or bad)
Empowering users
Supporting collaboration
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Case 3: Information Design
Mapping information to space
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Internet of Things for information-rich environments
Hospital Ward
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Critical decisions
Time pressure
Many devices
Many people
Better decisions
Better care

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Analysing work behaviour
Human Activity Language
S: do a
S: do a with d
S: do a to P
S: do a with d to P
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S:staff
a:action
P: patient
d: device

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Saline
machine
Patient 1
Patient 2
Patient 3
Use
device
UD
on patient

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Saline
machine
Patient 1
Patient 2
Patient 3
Use
device
UD
on patient Micro Displays

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Micro Displays
Situated Information
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!

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Visual Design
Encoding for maximum clarity and
information density
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3
3
measure
blood
pressure
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Colour Representing
Entity and Relationship
Instruction | Explanation
Confirmation | Trends
Entity A Identity
Entity B Identity
Status
Design by Kevin Smith

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Lessons
Multi-dimensional design space:
What information,
when,
where
and how?
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Recap
Interaction design
Contextual design
Information design
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Global R&D agenda still mostly focuses on technology
Not much about people or design
for people in here ...
Vision and Challenges
for Realising the
Internet of Things
March 2010
Edited by
Harald Sundmaeker
Patrick Guillemin
Peter Friess
Sylvie Woelfflé
The meaning of things
lies not in the things
themselves, but in our
attitude towards them.
Antoine de Saint-Exupéry
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Conclusion
1. Homo habilis: our relation to future smart
objects yet undefined (user, operator, ...).
2. IoT Design for people requires more than
adding a thin interface layer; requires deep
modification of IoT concepts, architectures,
etc...
3. Current industry (and research) agenda ignores
interaction design and information design for
the IoT.
4. Ecosystem design: new design methodologies
and design tools are needed for defining our
interaction (with ecosystems of) smart
connected objects.
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IoT = People+ Things + Data
Thank you.
gerd@kortuem.com
@kortuem
www.kortuem.com
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Gerd Kortuem presents on Internet of Things

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