8. THE PRODUCTION PROCESS FOR BREAD INPUT Raw Materials ( LAND ) eg flour, yeast, water Human Resources ( LABOUR ) the workers and managers Man-made Resources ( CAPITAL ) eg ovens and baking trays PROCESS The process for the manufacturing of bread will include measuring, sifting, mixing, kneading the bread, heating and cooling. OUTPUT The finished product, loaves of bread, distributed to the consumers
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39. Stages in Purchasing Process Requisition Negotiation Place Order Chase Delivery Clear Invoice
59. Job Production Simple organisation ‘ One-offs’ Customer Needs Specifications Changed Workers Motivated Production Costs High Time-Consuming Production Versatile Equipment Each job is completed in full before another is started. INDIVIDUALITY
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62. Batch Production Flexibility Stock of Partly Finished Goods Scope for Specialisation Delays: Change/Clean Equipment Small Batch = High Cost Co-ordination Required All stages in production completed at the same time – possibly different ingredients. EACH IN BATCH SAME VARY FROM BATCH TO BATCH
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65. Flow Production Economies of Scale Reduced Stockholding eg JIT Automation Start-up Costs High Standardised – All Customers? Work is Repetitive Use of a production line – component parts added at each stage. STANDARDISATION Quality Systems Built In System Failure?
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