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Searching and Finding
 Information Sources

      Prof. Dr. Khalid Mahmood
Department of Library & Information Science
        University of the Punjab
           Lahore, PAKISTAN



                                              1
Start searching




                  2
Start searching




                  3
Finding information sources
   Formal ways
       University libraries
       Special libraries and government
        departments
       Inter-library loan
   Informal ways
       Authors
       Personal libraries of experts
       Your friends                       4
Bibliographic aids
   Library catalog
   Indexing journal
   Abstracting journal
   Bibliography
   Bibliographic database
   People
       Experts
       Librarians           5
Library card catalog




                       6
Library classification (DDC)
000   Computer science, information & general works
100   Philosophy & psychology
200   Religion
300   Social sciences
400   Language
500   Science
600   Technology
700   Arts & recreation
800   Literature
900   History & geography

                                                      7
DDC – 300 – Social sciences
300 Social sciences, sociology & anthropology
310 Statistics
320 Political science
330 Economics
340 Law
350 Public administration & military science
360 Social problems & social services
370 Education
380 Commerce, communications & transportation
390 Customs, etiquette & folklore

                                                8
DDC – 330 – Economics
330 Economics
331 Labor economics
332 Financial economics
333 Economics of land & energy
334 Cooperatives
335 Socialism & related systems
336 Public finance
337 International economics
338 Production
339 Macroeconomics & related topics

                                      9
Online Searching Techniques
   Boolean Operators
   Phrase Searching
   Truncation / Wildcard Searching
   Proximity Searching
   Focusing / Limiting a Search



                                      10
Boolean Operators
Boolean operators allow you to join terms together, widen a search
or exclude terms from your search results. This means you can be
more precise in locating your information.




         AND

         OR

         NOT
                                                                     11
Boolean Operators at Emerald




                           12
Phrase Searching
It narrows your search down by searching
   for an exact phrase or sentence. It is
   particularly useful when searching for a
   title or a quotation. Usually quotation
   marks are used to connect the words
   together.
For example
“Towards a healthier Scotland”

                                          13
Truncation / Wildcard
These search techniques retrieve information on similar
  words by replacing part of the word with a symbol
  usually a * or ?. However, different databases use
  different symbols, so check what is used.

   In truncation the end of the word is replaced.
       For example physiother* will retrieve physiotherapy,
        physiotherapeutic, physiotherapist and so on.
   In wildcard searching, letters from inside the word are
    replaced.
       For example wom*n will retrieve the terms woman and
        women.

                                                               14
Proximity Searching
It looks for documents where two or more
   separately matching term occurrences
   are within a specified distance, where
   distance is the number of intermediate
   words or characters
 For example

     Term A NEAR Term B
     Term A ADJ Term B

                                        15
Focusing / Limiting a Search
There are many ways to focus your search and all
  search tools offer different ways of doing this. Some
  of the ways of limiting your search are as follows:
 Date

 Language

 Place

 Publication type

 Age groups

 Type of material e.g. you could just need to find case

  studies

                                                       16
General Search Engines
   Google
   Yahoo
   AltaVista
   FAST Search
   MSN Search
   Lycos
   Excite
                         17
Google Simple Search




                       18
Google Advanced Search




                         19
Scholarly Search Engines
   Google Scholar
   Infomine
   Librarians’ Internet Index
   Intute
   Pinakes
   Business Research
   ISI Web of Science
                                 20
Librarians’ Internet Index




                             21
Subject Directories
Also called Information Gateways and Virtual Libraries
 Yahoo Directory

 Librarians’ Internet Index

 About.com

 Infomine

 The WWW Virtual Library

 Specialized Subject Directories
       Abi Logic
       Solid Crawler
       Academic Info
       SOSIG - Social Science Information Gateway




                                                         22
Yahoo Directory




                  23
Electronic Theses and
    Dissertations - ETDs
   Networked Digital Library of Theses and
    Dissertations
       Catalog of theses and doctoral dissertations
        contributed by some 176 universities and 27
        institutions worldwide
   British Library EThOS
       250,000+ theses of British universities
       Many are free
   Proquest Dissertations & Theses
    Database
       World’s most comprehensive collection of
        dissertations and theses with over 2.7 million titles
                                                                24
Networked Digital Library of
Theses and Dissertations




                               25
Online Databases
   Bibliographic databases
       ERIC, Agricola, Medline, EconLit,
        PsychINFO
   Numeric databases
       Stat-USA, UN Common Database
   Full text databases
       ScienceDirect, Emerald, JSTOR

                                            26
ERIC Database




                27
Science Direct Database




                          28
Free e-books
   Libgen.info
       800,000+ books
   The Online Books Page
       1,000,000+ books
   Project Gutenberg
       40,000+ books
   Internet Public Library
       20,000+ books

                              29
HEC – Online Resources
   National Digital Library
       Over 30 databases with over 23,000 journals
       Accessible by 250 institutions in Pakistan
       50,000 e-books
       Links to open access resources
   Pakistan Research Repository
       Full text of over 6,500 Pakistani doctoral theses



                                                            30
HEC – Digital Library




                        31
Pakistan Research Repository




                           32
Library Web OPACs
   Libdex
       Worldwide index of library catalogs
   WorldCat
       2 billion items from 72,000 libraries
        worldwide
   Library of Congress
   The British Library
   National Library of Pakistan
                                                33

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2 searching and finding information sources-khalid

  • 1. Searching and Finding Information Sources Prof. Dr. Khalid Mahmood Department of Library & Information Science University of the Punjab Lahore, PAKISTAN 1
  • 4. Finding information sources  Formal ways  University libraries  Special libraries and government departments  Inter-library loan  Informal ways  Authors  Personal libraries of experts  Your friends 4
  • 5. Bibliographic aids  Library catalog  Indexing journal  Abstracting journal  Bibliography  Bibliographic database  People  Experts  Librarians 5
  • 7. Library classification (DDC) 000 Computer science, information & general works 100 Philosophy & psychology 200 Religion 300 Social sciences 400 Language 500 Science 600 Technology 700 Arts & recreation 800 Literature 900 History & geography 7
  • 8. DDC – 300 – Social sciences 300 Social sciences, sociology & anthropology 310 Statistics 320 Political science 330 Economics 340 Law 350 Public administration & military science 360 Social problems & social services 370 Education 380 Commerce, communications & transportation 390 Customs, etiquette & folklore 8
  • 9. DDC – 330 – Economics 330 Economics 331 Labor economics 332 Financial economics 333 Economics of land & energy 334 Cooperatives 335 Socialism & related systems 336 Public finance 337 International economics 338 Production 339 Macroeconomics & related topics 9
  • 10. Online Searching Techniques  Boolean Operators  Phrase Searching  Truncation / Wildcard Searching  Proximity Searching  Focusing / Limiting a Search 10
  • 11. Boolean Operators Boolean operators allow you to join terms together, widen a search or exclude terms from your search results. This means you can be more precise in locating your information. AND OR NOT 11
  • 12. Boolean Operators at Emerald 12
  • 13. Phrase Searching It narrows your search down by searching for an exact phrase or sentence. It is particularly useful when searching for a title or a quotation. Usually quotation marks are used to connect the words together. For example “Towards a healthier Scotland” 13
  • 14. Truncation / Wildcard These search techniques retrieve information on similar words by replacing part of the word with a symbol usually a * or ?. However, different databases use different symbols, so check what is used.  In truncation the end of the word is replaced.  For example physiother* will retrieve physiotherapy, physiotherapeutic, physiotherapist and so on.  In wildcard searching, letters from inside the word are replaced.  For example wom*n will retrieve the terms woman and women. 14
  • 15. Proximity Searching It looks for documents where two or more separately matching term occurrences are within a specified distance, where distance is the number of intermediate words or characters  For example  Term A NEAR Term B  Term A ADJ Term B 15
  • 16. Focusing / Limiting a Search There are many ways to focus your search and all search tools offer different ways of doing this. Some of the ways of limiting your search are as follows:  Date  Language  Place  Publication type  Age groups  Type of material e.g. you could just need to find case studies 16
  • 17. General Search Engines  Google  Yahoo  AltaVista  FAST Search  MSN Search  Lycos  Excite 17
  • 20. Scholarly Search Engines  Google Scholar  Infomine  Librarians’ Internet Index  Intute  Pinakes  Business Research  ISI Web of Science 20
  • 22. Subject Directories Also called Information Gateways and Virtual Libraries  Yahoo Directory  Librarians’ Internet Index  About.com  Infomine  The WWW Virtual Library  Specialized Subject Directories  Abi Logic  Solid Crawler  Academic Info  SOSIG - Social Science Information Gateway 22
  • 24. Electronic Theses and Dissertations - ETDs  Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations  Catalog of theses and doctoral dissertations contributed by some 176 universities and 27 institutions worldwide  British Library EThOS  250,000+ theses of British universities  Many are free  Proquest Dissertations & Theses Database  World’s most comprehensive collection of dissertations and theses with over 2.7 million titles 24
  • 25. Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations 25
  • 26. Online Databases  Bibliographic databases  ERIC, Agricola, Medline, EconLit, PsychINFO  Numeric databases  Stat-USA, UN Common Database  Full text databases  ScienceDirect, Emerald, JSTOR 26
  • 29. Free e-books  Libgen.info  800,000+ books  The Online Books Page  1,000,000+ books  Project Gutenberg  40,000+ books  Internet Public Library  20,000+ books 29
  • 30. HEC – Online Resources  National Digital Library  Over 30 databases with over 23,000 journals  Accessible by 250 institutions in Pakistan  50,000 e-books  Links to open access resources  Pakistan Research Repository  Full text of over 6,500 Pakistani doctoral theses 30
  • 31. HEC – Digital Library 31
  • 33. Library Web OPACs  Libdex  Worldwide index of library catalogs  WorldCat  2 billion items from 72,000 libraries worldwide  Library of Congress  The British Library  National Library of Pakistan 33