9. Who were the first Americans andWho were the first Americans and
when did they arrive?when did they arrive?
Aleuts (aka Eskimos) arrived in
what is now Alaska about 12,000 to
20,000 years ago
10. The first Americans were fromThe first Americans were from
Siberia?!Siberia?!
11. Early Americans were in the StoneEarly Americans were in the Stone
Age, technologicallyAge, technologically
Stone Age hand axes
Stone Age hunter (original color
photo from 12,000 BC, taken with
Stony digital camera)
12. Early Americans migrated throughEarly Americans migrated through
the ice fields of North America . . .the ice fields of North America . . .
13. Part of the ice field still exists, stillPart of the ice field still exists, still
1,000 feet thick1,000 feet thick
14. . . . through Central and South. . . through Central and South
AmericaAmerica
18. Gold, Glory, and GodGold, Glory, and God
Gold from the New World Glory for the mother
country
Bringing God to the Indians
19. New World claimed by severalNew World claimed by several
European countriesEuropean countries
Portuguese in Brazil
Spanish in North,
Central, and South
America
Russians in Alaska
(1740s)
French in Canada
and Louisiana
Several nations
in Caribbean
21. Three types of colonial governmentThree types of colonial government
Royal: owned and controlled by king/queenRoyal: owned and controlled by king/queen
Corporate: owned by settlers’ corporationCorporate: owned by settlers’ corporation
Proprietary: owned by individual or small groupProprietary: owned by individual or small group
22. Roanoke Island: first EnglishRoanoke Island: first English
attempt at colonization failsattempt at colonization fails
(1584-1587)(1584-1587)
23. The “Lost Colony” of RoanokeThe “Lost Colony” of Roanoke
Sir Walter Raleigh, fancy
dresser and founder
of the colony of Roanoke
Only clue to disappearance of
colonists: the word “Croatoan”
26. Virginia, the First English ColonyVirginia, the First English Colony
(1607)(1607)
Founded by the Virginia CompanyFounded by the Virginia Company (1607)(1607)
Mistakes and problems at JamestownMistakes and problems at Jamestown
John Smith to the rescueJohn Smith to the rescue (1608-09)(1608-09)
““The Starving Time”The Starving Time” (1609-10)(1609-10)
Indian wars and massacresIndian wars and massacres (1611, 1622)(1611, 1622)
Failure turns into successFailure turns into success (1612-)(1612-)
Birth of slavery in the English coloniesBirth of slavery in the English colonies
(1660s)(1660s)
29. Virginia, the first English colonyVirginia, the first English colony
(1607)(1607)
Founded by the Virginia CompanyFounded by the Virginia Company (1607)(1607)
Mistakes and problems at JamestownMistakes and problems at Jamestown
John Smith to the rescueJohn Smith to the rescue (1608-09)(1608-09)
““The Starving Time”The Starving Time” (1609-10)(1609-10)
Indian wars and massacresIndian wars and massacres (1611, 1622)(1611, 1622)
Failure turns into successFailure turns into success (1612-)(1612-)
Birth of slavery in the English coloniesBirth of slavery in the English colonies
(1660s)(1660s)
30. ““Smith – John Smith”Smith – John Smith”
The James Bond of the 1600sThe James Bond of the 1600s
31. Like James Bond, taken in andLike James Bond, taken in and
protected by half-naked womenprotected by half-naked women
32. Like James Bond, a knight inLike James Bond, a knight in
shining armor who always wonshining armor who always won
33. Virginia, the first English colonyVirginia, the first English colony
(1607)(1607)
Founded by the Virginia CompanyFounded by the Virginia Company (1607)(1607)
Mistakes and problems at JamestownMistakes and problems at Jamestown
John Smith to the rescueJohn Smith to the rescue (1608-09)(1608-09)
““The Starving Time”The Starving Time” (1609-10)(1609-10)
Indian wars and massacresIndian wars and massacres (1611, 1622)(1611, 1622)
Failure turns into successFailure turns into success (1612-)(1612-)
Birth of slavery in the English coloniesBirth of slavery in the English colonies
(1660s)(1660s)
34. Wars with the local Indians, includingWars with the local Indians, including
two massacrestwo massacres (1611, 1622)(1611, 1622)
35. Virginia, the first English colonyVirginia, the first English colony
(1607)(1607)
Founded by the Virginia CompanyFounded by the Virginia Company (1607)(1607)
Mistakes and problems at JamestownMistakes and problems at Jamestown
John Smith to the rescueJohn Smith to the rescue (1608-09)(1608-09)
““The Starving Time”The Starving Time” (1609-10)(1609-10)
Indian wars and massacresIndian wars and massacres (1611, 1622)(1611, 1622)
Failure turns into successFailure turns into success (1612-)(1612-)
Birth of slavery in the English coloniesBirth of slavery in the English colonies
(1660s)(1660s)
36. From failure to successFrom failure to success
Developed tobacco as a cash cropDeveloped tobacco as a cash crop (1612)(1612)
Developed the first representativeDeveloped the first representative
legislature in the New Worldlegislature in the New World (1619)(1619)
Taken over by King James I and made aTaken over by King James I and made a
royal colonyroyal colony (1624)(1624)
37. John RolfeJohn Rolfe
Cartoon character, farmer, husbandCartoon character, farmer, husband
Putting the moves
on Pocahontas
Experimenting
with tobacco
Marrying Pocahontas
39. From failure to successFrom failure to success
Developed tobacco as a cash cropDeveloped tobacco as a cash crop (1612)(1612)
Developed the first representativeDeveloped the first representative
legislature in the New Worldlegislature in the New World (1619)(1619)
Taken over by King James I and made aTaken over by King James I and made a
royal colonyroyal colony (1624)(1624)
40. Virginia, the first English colonyVirginia, the first English colony
(1607)(1607)
Founded by the Virginia CompanyFounded by the Virginia Company (1607)(1607)
Mistakes and problems at JamestownMistakes and problems at Jamestown
John Smith to the rescueJohn Smith to the rescue (1608-09)(1608-09)
““The Starving Time”The Starving Time” (1609-10)(1609-10)
Indian wars and massacresIndian wars and massacres (1611, 1622)(1611, 1622)
Failure turns into successFailure turns into success (1612-)(1612-)
Birth of slavery in the English coloniesBirth of slavery in the English colonies
(1660s)(1660s)
44. PlymouthPlymouth (1620)(1620)
Settled by the Pilgrims (aka Separatists) to escapeSettled by the Pilgrims (aka Separatists) to escape
religious persecutionreligious persecution
The Mayflower CompactThe Mayflower Compact
The First Thanksgiving? (nope)The First Thanksgiving? (nope)
Eventually absorbed into MassachusettsEventually absorbed into Massachusetts (1691)(1691)
46. Earlier ThanksgivingsEarlier Thanksgivings
Native American tribes had similarNative American tribes had similar
celebrations for hundreds of yearscelebrations for hundreds of years
Spanish explorers near El PasoSpanish explorers near El Paso (1598)(1598)
English settlers at JamestownEnglish settlers at Jamestown (1619)(1619)
49. MassachusettsMassachusetts (1630)(1630)
Settled by the Puritans for religious reasonsSettled by the Puritans for religious reasons
Started on a much larger scaleStarted on a much larger scale
Spun off other colonies in New EnglandSpun off other colonies in New England
Second only to Virginia in wealth and powerSecond only to Virginia in wealth and power
51. New YorkNew York (1624 or 1664)(1624 or 1664)
Settled by the Dutch for riches and empireSettled by the Dutch for riches and empire (1624)(1624)
Fur tradersFur traders
Farmers (patroons)Farmers (patroons)
Captured by the EnglishCaptured by the English (1664)(1664)
Duke of York = proprietorDuke of York = proprietor
Along with Virginia, Pennsylvania, &Along with Virginia, Pennsylvania, &
Massachusetts, one of the larger colonies by 1776Massachusetts, one of the larger colonies by 1776
52. The purchase of Manhattan Island:The purchase of Manhattan Island:
Indians scam the EuropeansIndians scam the Europeans (1626)(1626)
53. New YorkNew York (1624 or 1664)(1624 or 1664)
Settled by the Dutch for riches and empireSettled by the Dutch for riches and empire (1624)(1624)
Fur tradersFur traders
Farmers (patroons)Farmers (patroons)
Captured by the EnglishCaptured by the English (1664)(1664)
Duke of York = proprietorDuke of York = proprietor
Along with Virginia, Pennsylvania, &Along with Virginia, Pennsylvania, &
Massachusetts, one of the larger colonies by 1776Massachusetts, one of the larger colonies by 1776
54. The Duke of York:The Duke of York:
proprietor and fashion victimproprietor and fashion victim
56. PennsylvaniaPennsylvania (1682)(1682)
Founded by William Penn as a religiousFounded by William Penn as a religious
haven for the Society of Friends (Quakers)haven for the Society of Friends (Quakers)
Frame of GovernmentFrame of Government (1682)(1682)
Quakers eventually outnumbered by non-Quakers eventually outnumbered by non-
QuakersQuakers
62. GeorgiaGeorgia (1733)(1733)
Founded by wealthy EnglishFounded by wealthy English
philanthropists, led by James Oglethorpephilanthropists, led by James Oglethorpe
Motives for settlement of GeorgiaMotives for settlement of Georgia
Dreamy, idealistic motives mostly failedDreamy, idealistic motives mostly failed
Became royal colonyBecame royal colony (1753)(1753)
63. The Trustees (aka proprietors) ofThe Trustees (aka proprietors) of
GeorgiaGeorgia
James OglethorpeJames Oglethorpe
The London Trustees meet Indians from GeorgiaThe London Trustees meet Indians from Georgia
64. Silk worms were supposed toSilk worms were supposed to
support the settlers of Georgiasupport the settlers of Georgia
Silk worms eat mulberry leavesSilk worms eat mulberry leaves A mulberry leaf’s view ofA mulberry leaf’s view of
a silk worma silk worm
65. GeorgiaGeorgia (1733)(1733)
Founded by wealthy EnglishFounded by wealthy English
philanthropists, led by James Oglethorpephilanthropists, led by James Oglethorpe
Motives for settlement of GeorgiaMotives for settlement of Georgia
Dreamy, idealistic motives mostly failedDreamy, idealistic motives mostly failed
Became royal colonyBecame royal colony (1753)(1753)
66. THE COLONIES AS PARTTHE COLONIES AS PART
OF THE ENGLISH EMPIREOF THE ENGLISH EMPIRE
67. MercantilismMercantilism
Definition: an economic system to increase nationalDefinition: an economic system to increase national
wealth and power by heavy government regulationwealth and power by heavy government regulation
and control of the nation’s economyand control of the nation’s economy
Aim: accumulate gold and silverAim: accumulate gold and silver
Three elements:Three elements:
National self-sufficiencyNational self-sufficiency
Favorable balance of tradeFavorable balance of trade
Monopoly of trade in own empireMonopoly of trade in own empire
72. British and French struggle forBritish and French struggle for
control of North Americacontrol of North America
73. Competition for dominanceCompetition for dominance
between British and Frenchbetween British and French
Forming allies through tradeForming allies through trade
Building fortsBuilding forts
Fighting warsFighting wars
74. Five warsFive wars (1680s-1780s)(1680s-1780s)
King William’s WarKing William’s War (1689-97)(1689-97)
Queen Anne’s WarQueen Anne’s War (1702-13)(1702-13)
King George’s WarKing George’s War (1740-48)(1740-48)
French & Indian WarFrench & Indian War (1754-63)(1754-63)
American War for IndependenceAmerican War for Independence (1776-83)(1776-83)
98. Coercive (aka Intolerable) ActsCoercive (aka Intolerable) Acts
Boston Port ActBoston Port Act: closed port of Boston: closed port of Boston
Justice ActJustice Act: moved some trials to England: moved some trials to England
Government ActGovernment Act: focused power on governor: focused power on governor
Quartering ActQuartering Act: required colonists to provide: required colonists to provide
housing in their homes for British soldiershousing in their homes for British soldiers
99. A political cartoon protesting theA political cartoon protesting the
Intolerable ActsIntolerable Acts
100. The 1The 1stst
Continental Congress metContinental Congress met
in Philadelphia’s Carpenter’s Hallin Philadelphia’s Carpenter’s Hall
101. The midnight ride of Paul RevereThe midnight ride of Paul Revere
(and Samuel Prescott and William Dawes)(and Samuel Prescott and William Dawes)
102. The shooting startsThe shooting starts
at Lexington and Concordat Lexington and Concord
107. Amendments to Jefferson’s draft ofAmendments to Jefferson’s draft of
the Declaration of Independencethe Declaration of Independence
108. Jefferson and his committee presentJefferson and his committee present
the Declaration of Independencethe Declaration of Independence
to Congressto Congress
109. Was the American RevolutionWas the American Revolution
“conservative”?“conservative”?
Purpose: toPurpose: to hold ontohold onto, to, to keepkeep, to, to preservepreserve the oldthe old
ways (pre-1750s) before all the recent troublesways (pre-1750s) before all the recent troubles
No taxation without representationNo taxation without representation
No strict enforcement of trade lawsNo strict enforcement of trade laws
No aggressive searchesNo aggressive searches
No king’s veto of colonial lawsNo king’s veto of colonial laws
No quartering of British soldiers in homesNo quartering of British soldiers in homes
121. The British surrenderThe British surrender
at Yorktown, Virginiaat Yorktown, Virginia (1781)(1781)
122. The guy who really defeated theThe guy who really defeated the
British at Yorktown and won theBritish at Yorktown and won the
war: The Patriotwar: The Patriot
123. U.S. representatives at Paris peaceU.S. representatives at Paris peace
talks: Franklin, Jay, Adamstalks: Franklin, Jay, Adams
124. Treaty of ParisTreaty of Paris (1783)(1783)
British recognized U.S. independenceBritish recognized U.S. independence
Boundaries: Great LakesBoundaries: Great Lakes
Mississippi RiverMississippi River
Spanish FloridaSpanish Florida
British agreed to leave U.S. soil immediatelyBritish agreed to leave U.S. soil immediately
Americans’ debts to British = validatedAmericans’ debts to British = validated
Congress urged states to restore rights ofCongress urged states to restore rights of
the Loyalists (aka Tories)the Loyalists (aka Tories)
125. The Treaty of Paris changed theThe Treaty of Paris changed the
map of North Americamap of North America
131. Independence Hall in PhiladelphiaIndependence Hall in Philadelphia
Site of the constitutional conventionSite of the constitutional convention
132. George Washington presides at theGeorge Washington presides at the
Philadelphia ConventionPhiladelphia Convention
133. The room where the constitutionThe room where the constitution
was written, as it appeared in 1787was written, as it appeared in 1787
134. Players at the constitutionalPlayers at the constitutional
conventionconvention
James MadisonJames Madison
Roger ShermanRoger Sherman
Benjamin FranklinBenjamin Franklin
George WashingtonGeorge Washington
135. Patrick Henry didn’t attend. Said hePatrick Henry didn’t attend. Said he
“smelled a rat.”“smelled a rat.”
141. Hamilton’s fiscal planHamilton’s fiscal plan
Pay off the entire debt, federal and statePay off the entire debt, federal and state
Raise revenue with high tariff + new taxesRaise revenue with high tariff + new taxes
Create a national bankCreate a national bank
142. Funding and assumptionFunding and assumption
Funding: accumulating enough money toFunding: accumulating enough money to
pay off a debtpay off a debt
Assumption: the federal government paysAssumption: the federal government pays
off (assumes) debts owed by the statesoff (assumes) debts owed by the states
143. Bank of the United StatesBank of the United States
in Philadelphiain Philadelphia
144. Strict and loose constructionStrict and loose construction
Strict constructionStrict construction: if X isn’t listed in plain: if X isn’t listed in plain
language in the Constitution as a power oflanguage in the Constitution as a power of
the federal government, then the federalthe federal government, then the federal
government has no power to do Xgovernment has no power to do X
Loose constructionLoose construction: the federal government: the federal government
does have the power to do X ifdoes have the power to do X if
(1) X isn’t(1) X isn’t prohibitedprohibited in the Constitution andin the Constitution and
(2) X helps the government carry out any of(2) X helps the government carry out any of
its regular, listed (i.e., specified) powersits regular, listed (i.e., specified) powers
145. The Jay Treaty made JayThe Jay Treaty made Jay
unpopularunpopular
Damn John Jay! Damn everyone that won'tDamn John Jay! Damn everyone that won't
damn John Jay! Damn every one that won'tdamn John Jay! Damn every one that won't
put lights in his window and sit up allput lights in his window and sit up all
night damning John Jay!night damning John Jay!
A common complaint at the time:A common complaint at the time:
146. Pres. John Adams kept the navalPres. John Adams kept the naval
war with France undeclaredwar with France undeclared
147. Jefferson and Hamilton led the firstJefferson and Hamilton led the first
two political partiestwo political parties
Leader of the Democratic RepublicansLeader of the Democratic Republicans Leader of the FederalistsLeader of the Federalists
Thomas JeffersonThomas Jefferson Alexander HamiltonAlexander Hamilton
148. The visions of Jefferson andThe visions of Jefferson and
Hamilton for the new nationHamilton for the new nation
Jefferson:Jefferson: democratic, agrarian societydemocratic, agrarian society
broad diffusion of wealthbroad diffusion of wealth
sympathies with debtorssympathies with debtors
feared centralized powerfeared centralized power
trusted people’s abilitiestrusted people’s abilities
Hamilton:Hamilton: balanced economybalanced economy
federal aid to industry, commercefederal aid to industry, commerce
sympathies with creditorssympathies with creditors
favored centralized powerfavored centralized power
distrusted people’s abilities to govern themselvesdistrusted people’s abilities to govern themselves
149. Pres. Washington reviews thePres. Washington reviews the
troops sent to suppress thetroops sent to suppress the
whiskey rebelswhiskey rebels
150. Pres. John Adams signed the AlienPres. John Adams signed the Alien
& Sedition Acts& Sedition Acts (1798)(1798)
151. Authors of the Kentucky & VirginiaAuthors of the Kentucky & Virginia
Resolutions and best budsResolutions and best buds
Thomas JeffersonThomas Jefferson James MadisonJames Madison
152. THE NEW NATIONTHE NEW NATION
GROWS UPGROWS UP
The Virginia DynastyThe Virginia Dynasty
1801-251801-25
153. Candidates in the election of 1800Candidates in the election of 1800
JeffersonJefferson
Democratic-RepublicanDemocratic-Republican
BurrBurr
Democratic-RepublicanDemocratic-Republican
AdamsAdams
FederalistFederalist
154. MarburyMarbury vsvs. Madison. Madison
Justice of the PeaceJustice of the Peace
William MarburyWilliam Marbury
Secretary of StateSecretary of State
James MadisonJames Madison
157. Key figuresKey figures
in the Louisiana Purchasein the Louisiana Purchase
Napoleon wanted to sellNapoleon wanted to sell Jefferson wanted to buyJefferson wanted to buy
159. Raising of the U.S. flag over theRaising of the U.S. flag over the
Louisiana PurchaseLouisiana Purchase
160. Trail of Lewis & Clark (1804-06)Trail of Lewis & Clark (1804-06)
161. The War of 1812The War of 1812
CausesCauses
U.S. advantages and disadvantagesU.S. advantages and disadvantages
Treaty of Ghent (1814)Treaty of Ghent (1814)
Battle of New Orleans (1814-15)Battle of New Orleans (1814-15)
SignificanceSignificance
162. The HMSThe HMS LeopardLeopard fires on the USSfires on the USS
ChesapeakeChesapeake (1807)(1807)
163. The British navy “impresses” sailorsThe British navy “impresses” sailors
on U.S. shipson U.S. ships
164. The British burn Washington, DCThe British burn Washington, DC
18141814
173. The 36-30 line split the LouisianaThe 36-30 line split the Louisiana
PurchasePurchase
174. President James Monroe warnedPresident James Monroe warned
the Euroweenies to back offthe Euroweenies to back off
175. THE RISE OF THETHE RISE OF THE
“COMMON MAN”“COMMON MAN”
The Jacksonian PeriodThe Jacksonian Period
1820s-1830s1820s-1830s
176. Major candidates in the presidentialMajor candidates in the presidential
election of 1824election of 1824
Secretary of the TreasurySecretary of the Treasury
William CrawfordWilliam Crawford
Secretary of StateSecretary of State
John Quincy AdamsJohn Quincy Adams
Speaker of theSpeaker of the
HouseHouse
Henry ClayHenry Clay
SenatorSenator
Andrew JacksonAndrew Jackson
177. Nationalist wing of the partyNationalist wing of the party
22ndnd
Bank of the United StatesBank of the United States
Protective (higher) tariffsProtective (higher) tariffs
Strong central governmentStrong central government
Loose constructionLoose construction
Henry Clay, J. A. Adams, Daniel WebsterHenry Clay, J. A. Adams, Daniel Webster
178. Traditional wing of the partyTraditional wing of the party
Suspicious of all banksSuspicious of all banks
Low (revenue) tariffsLow (revenue) tariffs
States’ rights, laissez faire, strictStates’ rights, laissez faire, strict
constructionconstruction
Andrew Jackson, Martin Van Buren,Andrew Jackson, Martin Van Buren,
John C. CalhounJohn C. Calhoun
179. An ad for Andrew Jackson, “theAn ad for Andrew Jackson, “the
man of the people”man of the people”
180. Jackson’s political philosophyJackson’s political philosophy
States rightsStates rights
Laissez faireLaissez faire
Strict constructionStrict construction
Suspicion of banksSuspicion of banks
President = “tribune ofPresident = “tribune of
the people”the people”
181. The “common man” at Jackson’sThe “common man” at Jackson’s
inauguration partyinauguration party (1828)(1828)
182. The 2The 2ndnd
B.U.S. and its presidentB.U.S. and its president
Nicholas BiddleNicholas Biddle
184. Jackson the way his opponentsJackson the way his opponents
saw him – as “King Andrew” thesaw him – as “King Andrew” the
tyranttyrant
185. Jackson and Calhoun disagreed onJackson and Calhoun disagreed on
nullificationnullification
President Andrew JacksonPresident Andrew Jackson Vice-President John C. CalhounVice-President John C. Calhoun
192. William Lloyd Garrison and hisWilliam Lloyd Garrison and his
newspaper,newspaper, The LiberatorThe Liberator
193. The Nat Turner uprising in Virginia:The Nat Turner uprising in Virginia:
Contemporary news accountContemporary news account
194. The “positive good” defense ofThe “positive good” defense of
slavery painted slaves as happyslavery painted slaves as happy
195. THE NATION BEGINSTHE NATION BEGINS
TO CRACKTO CRACK
The Sectional CrisisThe Sectional Crisis
1840s-1850s1840s-1850s
196. Stephen F. Austin broughtStephen F. Austin brought
immigrants from U.S. to Texasimmigrants from U.S. to Texas
197. Leaders at the Battle of the AlamoLeaders at the Battle of the Alamo
William TravisWilliam Travis James BowieJames Bowie Davy CrockettDavy Crockett
Antonio Lopez de Santa AnnaAntonio Lopez de Santa Anna
198. Scenes from the Battle of theScenes from the Battle of the
AlamoAlamo
200. Americans fulfilled their “ManifestAmericans fulfilled their “Manifest
Destiny” by moving westDestiny” by moving west
201. Border dispute: the Rio Grande orBorder dispute: the Rio Grande or
the Nueces?the Nueces?
202. Three theaters of combat in theThree theaters of combat in the
U.S.-Mexican WarU.S.-Mexican War
203. Gen. Winfield Scott leads anGen. Winfield Scott leads an
amphibious invasion into Mexicoamphibious invasion into Mexico
204. The U.S. Army captured MexicoThe U.S. Army captured Mexico
City in September 1847City in September 1847
205. Treaty of Guadalupe HidalgoTreaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
Mexico cedes 525,000 square miles to U.S.Mexico cedes 525,000 square miles to U.S.
(everything from Texas to the Pacific Ocean)(everything from Texas to the Pacific Ocean)
Mexico accepts Rio Grande as Texas borderMexico accepts Rio Grande as Texas border
U.S. pays Mexico $15 millionU.S. pays Mexico $15 million
U.S. pays Mexico’s debts ($3.25 million) to U.S.U.S. pays Mexico’s debts ($3.25 million) to U.S.
citizenscitizens
207. Should slavery be allowed toShould slavery be allowed to
spread into Mexican Cession?spread into Mexican Cession?
Wilmot ProvisoWilmot Proviso (1846)(1846): Congress should say: Congress should say
“no”“no”
Calhoun’s Senate resolutions:Calhoun’s Senate resolutions: (1847)(1847) : the: the
Constitution says “yes”Constitution says “yes”
Popular sovereigntyPopular sovereignty (1848)(1848): settlers in the: settlers in the
territories should decide, yes or noterritories should decide, yes or no
209. Compromise of 1850Compromise of 1850
California admitted into Union as free stateCalifornia admitted into Union as free state
Utah and New Mexico organized as territories with popularUtah and New Mexico organized as territories with popular
sovereigntysovereignty
Slave trade banned in District of ColumbiaSlave trade banned in District of Columbia
Stronger fugitive law passedStronger fugitive law passed
Texas accepted smaller, present borders for $10 million (toTexas accepted smaller, present borders for $10 million (to
pay off state debt)pay off state debt)
210. The Compromise of 1850The Compromise of 1850
changed the mapchanged the map
211. Compromise of 1850Compromise of 1850
California admitted into Union as free stateCalifornia admitted into Union as free state
Utah and New Mexico organized as territories with popularUtah and New Mexico organized as territories with popular
sovereigntysovereignty
Slave trade banned in District of ColumbiaSlave trade banned in District of Columbia
Stronger fugitive law passedStronger fugitive law passed
Texas accepted smaller, present borders for $10 million (toTexas accepted smaller, present borders for $10 million (to
pay off state debt)pay off state debt)
212. Buying and selling of slaves nowBuying and selling of slaves now
banned in District of Columbiabanned in District of Columbia
213. New fugitive-slave law made it easierNew fugitive-slave law made it easier
for owners to catch runawaysfor owners to catch runaways
214. Compromise of 1850Compromise of 1850
California admitted into Union as free stateCalifornia admitted into Union as free state
Utah and New Mexico organized as territories with popularUtah and New Mexico organized as territories with popular
sovereigntysovereignty
Slave trade banned in District of ColumbiaSlave trade banned in District of Columbia
Stronger fugitive law passedStronger fugitive law passed
Texas accepted smaller, present borders for $10 million (toTexas accepted smaller, present borders for $10 million (to
pay off state debt)pay off state debt)
215. Texas accepted its smaller, presentTexas accepted its smaller, present
borders for $10 millionborders for $10 million
216. Harriet Beecher Stowe and anHarriet Beecher Stowe and an
advertisement for her noveladvertisement for her novel
217. Senator Stephen A. Douglas of IllinoisSenator Stephen A. Douglas of Illinois
218. The gold rush showed the need forThe gold rush showed the need for
a transcontinental railroada transcontinental railroad
219. A transcontinental railroad fromA transcontinental railroad from
Chicago would have to crossChicago would have to cross
unorganized wildernessunorganized wilderness
220. Woman gathering “buffalo chips” forWoman gathering “buffalo chips” for
fuel in the unorganized wildernessfuel in the unorganized wilderness
221. Sen. Douglas created two newSen. Douglas created two new
territories with popular sovereigntyterritories with popular sovereignty
222. Dred Scott andDred Scott and
Chief Justice Roger B. TaneyChief Justice Roger B. Taney
223. Scott and his owner’s family movedScott and his owner’s family moved
to free territory (now Minnesota)to free territory (now Minnesota)
224. Dred Scott’s courthouse is in theDred Scott’s courthouse is in the
shadow of the St. Louis archshadow of the St. Louis arch
225. The U.S. Supreme Court chamberThe U.S. Supreme Court chamber
for the Dred Scott casefor the Dred Scott case
230. The fire station later became aThe fire station later became a
tourist attractiontourist attraction
231. The courtroom for John Brown’sThe courtroom for John Brown’s
trial in Virginiatrial in Virginia
232. Four major candidates for presidentFour major candidates for president
in 1860in 1860
Senator Stephen A. DouglasSenator Stephen A. Douglas
Vice President John C. BreckinridgeVice President John C. Breckinridge
Former U.S. senatorFormer U.S. senator
John BellJohn Bell
Former U.S.Former U.S.
RepresentativeRepresentative
AbrahamAbraham
LincolnLincoln
233. Platforms of the four partiesPlatforms of the four parties
Douglas Democrats: popular sovereigntyDouglas Democrats: popular sovereignty
and Unionand Union
Southern Democrats: CongressionalSouthern Democrats: Congressional
protection of slavery in territories,protection of slavery in territories,
acquire Cubaacquire Cuba
Constitutional Unionists: preserve theConstitutional Unionists: preserve the
Union, accept Dred Scott decisionUnion, accept Dred Scott decision
Republicans: oppose spread of slavery,Republicans: oppose spread of slavery,
preserve the Unionpreserve the Union
237. The southern states seceded in twoThe southern states seceded in two
waves (winter & spring 1860-61)waves (winter & spring 1860-61)
238. Spelling is importantSpelling is important
Secede – not “succeed”Secede – not “succeed”
Secession – not “succession”Secession – not “succession”
245. Antietam: first battlefield in historyAntietam: first battlefield in history
photographed soon after the shootingphotographed soon after the shooting
246. Significance of the AntietamSignificance of the Antietam
campaigncampaign
Bloodiest day of war and U.S. historyBloodiest day of war and U.S. history
Ended Lee’s invasionEnded Lee’s invasion
Ended threat of European interventionEnded threat of European intervention
Led directly to Emancipation ProclamationLed directly to Emancipation Proclamation
247. The Emancipation ProclamationThe Emancipation Proclamation
freed most (not all) of the slavesfreed most (not all) of the slaves
248. The Confederate view of LincolnThe Confederate view of Lincoln
and the Emancipation Proclamationand the Emancipation Proclamation
249. A northern cartoon celebrating theA northern cartoon celebrating the
Emancipation ProclamationEmancipation Proclamation
250. The commanders at Gettysburg:The commanders at Gettysburg:
George G. Meade & Robert E. LeeGeorge G. Meade & Robert E. Lee
251. How the two armies arrived atHow the two armies arrived at
GettysburgGettysburg
252. Some of the dead at GettysburgSome of the dead at Gettysburg
253. Pickett’s ChargePickett’s Charge
High tide of the ConfederacyHigh tide of the Confederacy
18631863
1913 re-enactment by former1913 re-enactment by former
Confederates who made the originalConfederates who made the original
charge fifty years earliercharge fifty years earlier
260. Chattanooga was a barrier to theChattanooga was a barrier to the
heart of the Confederacyheart of the Confederacy
261. The charge up Missionary Ridge atThe charge up Missionary Ridge at
the Battle of Chattanoogathe Battle of Chattanooga
262. Significance of the ChattanoogaSignificance of the Chattanooga
campaigncampaign
Cut lines of communication inCut lines of communication in
ConfederacyConfederacy
Opened door into Deep SouthOpened door into Deep South
Led to capture of Atlanta and Sherman’sLed to capture of Atlanta and Sherman’s
March to the SeaMarch to the Sea