This document discusses different forms of energy including heat, chemical, electromagnetic, nuclear, and mechanical energy. It describes how energy can change forms through various conversions, such as chemical energy being converted to heat and motion in engines. It also discusses the differences between potential and kinetic energy, and how gravitational potential energy depends on mass and height. The document stresses that energy cannot be created or destroyed, only changed from one form to another, in line with the law of conservation of energy.

1. Energy: Forms and Changes

17. Nuclear Energy The sun’s energy is produced from a nuclear fusion reaction in which hydrogen nuclei fuse to form helium nuclei.

21. Mechanical Energy When you throw a bowling ball, you give it energy. When that bowling ball hits the pins, some of the energy is transferred to the pins (transfer of momentum).

26. Chemical  Heat  Mechanical

37. Kinetic-Potential Energy Conversion Roller coasters work because of the energy that is built into the system. Initially, the cars are pulled mechanically up the tallest hill, giving them a great deal of potential energy. From that point, the conversion between potential and kinetic energy powers the cars throughout the entire ride.

38. Kinetic vs. Potential Energy At the point of maximum potential energy, the car has minimum kinetic energy.

40. Ball slows down Ball speeds up