The document discusses several third wave cognitive behavioral therapies including dialectical behavior therapy (DBT), behavioral activation therapy (BAT), mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT), and acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT). It provides overviews of each therapy's theoretical foundations, techniques, and empirical support for treating various mental health issues like depression, anxiety, personality disorders, and more.

3. Note: The Third Wave of Behavior Therapies First Wave - traditional behavior therapy, which works to replace harmful behaviors with constructive ones through a learning principle called conditioning. Second Wave - cognitive therapy seeks to change problem behaviors by changing the thoughts that cause and perpetuate them. Third Wave – movement away from cognitivism, toward new forms of behaviorism, including functional analysis, and traditionally nonclinical treatment techniques like acceptance, mindfulness, cognitive defusion, dialectics, values, spirituality, and relationship development. These therapies reexamine the causes and diagnoses of psychological problems, the treatment goals of psychotherapy, and even the definition of mental illness itself.

5. We tend to view natural emotions such as anxiety, anger, fear, and sorrow as damaging and therefore to be gotten rid of in whatever manner possible. Yet a tremendous amount of research, most of it within the past 20 years, shows that attempts at controlling thoughts and feelings typically make matters worse, not better. The anxious person who cannot bear an anxious thought becomes even more anxious; the depressed person who attempts to escape self-critical thoughts only generates more of them.

6. Behavioral Activation Therapy A treatment for depression and anxiety that holds that context rather than internal factors such as cognitions is a more efficient explanation for depression, and a more efficacious realm in which to intervene. Utilizing behavioral analysis BAT seeks to help people understand environmental sources of their depression, and seeks to target behaviors that might maintain or worsen the depression.

7. Model proposes that life events, which can include specific trauma or loss, biological predispositions to depression, or the daily hassles of life, lead to individuals experiencing too much environmental punishment and low levels of positive reinforcement in their lives. Many behaviors used to cope with negative feelings that make the individual feel better in the short-run but are detrimental in the long-run increase through a process of negative reinforcement. Avoidance behaviors, such as inactivity and rumination, are the key maintaining factors underlying depression, and treatment aims to combat clients’ use of such maladaptive behaviors.

8. Targets motivational inertia by working from the "outside-in", scheduling activities and using graded task assignments to allow the client to slowly begin to increase their chance of having activity positively reinforced. The function, not content, of thought is examined. Developing a nonjudgemental, detached stance toward negative thoughts, avoiding rumination, and focusing on activity. Simple, straightforward and apparently effective with depression.

11. Developed by Steven Hayes and others based on functional contextualism and Relational Frame Theory. Originally this approach was referred to as “comprehensive distancing”. Differs from traditional Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) in that rather than trying to teach people to better control their thoughts, feelings, sensations, memories and other private events, ACT focuses on what they can control more directly. Research evidence of effectiveness for a variety of problems including depressions, anxiety, personality disorders, chronic pain/illness management, trauma, addictions, and stress.

14. Cognitive Defusion : Learning to perceive thoughts, images, emotions, and memories as what they are, not what they appear to be. Acceptance : Allowing internal events to come and go without struggling with them - "just notice", accept, and embrace them, especially previously unwanted ones. Contact with the present moment : Awareness to the here and now experience with openness, interest, and receptiveness. The six core principles to develop psychological flexibility

15. Observing the self : Accessing a transcendent sense of self known as "self-as-context" — the you that is always there observing and experiencing and yet distinct from one's thoughts, feelings, sensations, and memories. Values : Discovering and clarifying what is most important to one's true self. Committed Action : Setting goals according to values, to take action on them, bringing more vitality and meaning to their life in the process. The six core principles to develop psychological flexibility

23. Wisdom Attends To All Forms of Knowing Available To Us Rational Knowing Emotional Knowing Intuitive Knowing Wisdom Intuitive “ Guessing” “ Gut Feelings”