The Market Revolution
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Overview of Early Industrialization
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The Market Revolution
- 1. Society in the new century Factories at Lowell, Massachusetts
- 2. Main Points I. The Market Economy II. Early Industrialization III. Transportation IV. Communication V. Urbanization
- 3. I. American Economy • Growth of market economy – influence of embargo – government activity in the economy • protective tariff • internal improvements.
- 4. II. Industrialization 1793 Eli Whitney invents cotton gin 1810-20 Cotton boom starts 1820 Lowell established • Eli Whitney – cotton gin – interchangeable parts – revolutionizes mechanization and industry
- 6. II. Industrialization • Lowell, Massachusetts – First employees – first industrial city – problems of industrialization.
- 7. Factories and workers in 1839
- 8. III. Transportation Revolution • Turnpikes • Stage coaches • Canals • Steamboats • Railroads.
- 9. Cumberland (National) Road and Main Connections
- 10. Erie Canal • Built 1818-1825 • 363 miles long; total cost $7,143,000 • Links midwest farms with NYC • success begins canal building boom.
- 11. Erie Canal and Main Branches
- 12. Principal Canals in 1840
- 13. Steamboats • 1811 first steamship • use in west • impact on commerce.
- 14. Railroads 1830 100 miles 1840 3,500 miles 1860 30,600 miles • No national network • Dangerous travel – Cow catcher, weak brakes, curves, smokestack & fires
- 15. IV Communication Revolution • Railroads alter life – communication – time – commerce • Telegraph - 1844
- 16. Travel Times
- 17. Travel Times
- 18. V. Urbanization • Nation becomes less farmer centered – 15:1 (1800) to Population Density 1820 1860 5.5:1 (1850) • Population density increases • Growth of cities • Growth of middle class.
- 19. Population Increase, Including Slaves and Indians, 1790-1860
Hinweis der Redaktion
- Makes cotton production the most valuable crop in south 1. over ½ world ’ s cotton supply from south 2. pushes grain production westward 3. farm output per worker increases
- First employees were women, single and needed chaperones
- Cost of transportation drops 95% between 1825-1855
- Different types of roads dirt, split rail, cobblestone Rise of internal improvements as bone of contention between political parties
- Employees building canal paid 80 cents per day - 10-12 hours labor by 1826 (year after completion) - 2000 boats, 9000 horses and 8000 men were employed in transporting goods on the canal
- High vs. low pressure boilers
- Cost of transportation drops 95% 1825 & 1855
- 1860: 50,000 miles under Western Union Telegraph Corp. Most lines run NE-NW
- Factors leading to urbanization improved transportation immigrants industrialization (jobs) declining farm productivity Social Impact of Market Revolution lowered status of workers stimulated consumerism/materialism reorganized society toward specialization greater per capita wealth in U.S. social structure becomes more stratified (greater concentration of wealth)