This study guide is intended to provide those pursuing the CCNA certification with a framework of what concepts need to be studied. This is not a comprehensive document containing all the secrets of the CCNP nor is it a “braindump” of questions and answers. I sincerely hope that this document provides some assistance and clarity in your studies.

1. 1

2. Encapsulation
PPP
• Point to Point
Protocol
• Open Standard
HDLC
• High level Data link
Control
• Vendor proprietary
Protocol (works with
Protocol (works with
same and different
same company Router
company Routers i.e.
only, i.e. Cisco-Cisco,
Cisco–Nortel, Cisco–
Nortel-Nortel, etc.)
Multicom.
• Supports
Authentication
• Supports Compression
• No Support for
Authentication
• No Support for
Compression
2

3. Device Classification
DCE
• Data Communication
Equipment
• Generate clocking
(i.e. Speed).
DTE
• Data Termination
Equipment
• Accept clocking
(i.e. Speed).
• Master
• Slave
• Example of DCE device in
• Example of DTE device in
Leased line setup : V.35 &
Leased line setup : Router
G.703 Modem & Exchange
(Modem & MUX)
• Example of DCE device in
Dial up setup : Dialup
• Example of DTE device in
Dial up setup : Computer
Modem
3

4. V.35 Modem
E0
V.35
192.168.1.150 Cable
E0
192.168.2.150
V.35
Cable
2 pair of
Copper Wire
LAN - 192.168.1.0/24
LAN - 192.168.2.0/24
HYDERABAD
OFFICE
G.703
Modem
HYDERABAD
MUX
CHENNAI
OFFICE
EXCHANGE
G.703
Modem
4
Fiber Optic Cable
CHENNAI
MUX

5. Lab Setup
Wan Representation
S0
HYD
S1
CHE
• A Back to Back Cable is used which emulates the
copper wire, modems and MUX , the complete
exchange setup.
• Without DCE & DTE device communication is not
possible.
5

6. V.35 Back to Back Cable
6

7. Lab Setup
DCE Interface
DTE Interface
S0
HYD
S1
CHE
• Can 2 DTE devices communicate?
Answer : No
For Lab Setup : convert one Router to act as a DCE
device.
The cable will have a DCE end and a DTE end
• To check : Look for the label on the cable
• The DCE end of the cable connected to the router’s
interface should be made as DCE by giving a
CLOCKRATE command in the interface mode.
7

8. 10.0.0.1/8
S0
HYD
11.0.0.1/8
S0
S1
10.0.0.2/8
CHE
E0
192.168.1.150/24
LAN - 192.168.1.0/24
17.0.0.1/8
S0
S1
11.0.0.2/8
LAN - 192.168.2.0/24
S0
16.0.0.1/8
JAI
E0
192.168.9.150/24
LAN - 192.168.9.0/24
LAN - 192.168.4.0/24
S0
15.0.0.1/8
LAN - 192.168.10.0/24
SUR
E0
192.168.7.150/24
13.0.0.2/8
S1
S0
14.0.0.1/8
E0
192.168.6.150/24
LAN - 192.168.6.0/24
BOM
E0
192.168.5.150/24
LAN - 192.168.5.0/24
20.0.0.1/8
S0
S1
19.0.0.2/8
E0
192.168.10.150/24
E0
192.168.4.150/24
14.0.0.2/8
S1
19.0.0.1/8
S0
KOL
PUNE
E0
192.168.3.150/24
LAN - 192.168.7.0/24
18.0.0.1/8
S0
S1
18.0.0.2/8
S1
12.0.0.2/8
15.0.0.2/8
S1
LAN - 192.168.8.0/24
DEL
13.0.0.1/8
S0
LAN - 192.168.3.0/24
16.0.0.2/8
S1
AGRA
BAN
E0
192.168.2.150/24
E0
192.168.8.150/24
17.0.0.2/8
S1
12.0.0.1/8
S0
SRI
S1
20.0.0.2/8
GOA
E0
192.168.11.150/24
LAN - 192.168.11.0/24
E0
192.168.12.150/24
8
LAN - 192.168.12.0/24

9. Wan Interface Configuration
10.0.0.1/8
S0
HYD
E0
192.168.1.150/24
LAN - 192.168.1.0/24
S1
10.0.0.2/8
CHE
E0
192.168.2.150/24
LAN - 192.168.2.0/24
9

10. 10

11. 11

12. Microsoft Windows 2000 [Version 5.00.2195]
(C) Copyright 1985-2000 Microsoft Corp.
C:> telnet 192.168.1.150
Connecting .....
================================
Welcome to Hyderabad Router
================================
User Access Verification
password : ****
Hyderabad> enable
password : ****
Hyderabad# show controllers S 0
HD unit 0, idb = 0xB7574, driver structure at 0xBC2F8
buffer size 1524 HD unit 0, V.35 DCE cable
cpb = 0x1, eda = 0x4940, cda = 0x4800
RX ring with 16 entries at 0x4014800
00 bd_ptr=0x4800 pak=0x0BE054 ds=0x401B6A8 status=80 pak_size=0
01 bd_ptr=0x4814 pak=0x0BED04 ds=0x401E5B0 status=80 pak_size=0
02 bd_ptr=0x4828 pak=0x0BE224 ds=0x401BD60 status=80 pak_size=0
03 bd_ptr=0x483C pak=0x0BEED4 ds=0x401EC68 status=80 pak_size=0
--More--
12

13. 04 bd_ptr=0x4850 pak=0x0BEB34 ds=0x401DEF8
05 bd_ptr=0x4864 pak=0x0BF0A4 ds=0x401F320
06 bd_ptr=0x4878 pak=0x0BDE84 ds=0x401AFF0
07 bd_ptr=0x488C pak=0x0BE794 ds=0x401D188
08 bd_ptr=0x48A0 pak=0x0BDCB4 ds=0x401A938
09 bd_ptr=0x48B4 pak=0x0BE964 ds=0x401D840
10 bd_ptr=0x48C8 pak=0x0BE3F4 ds=0x401C418
11 bd_ptr=0x48DC pak=0x0BDAE4 ds=0x401A280
12 bd_ptr=0x48F0 pak=0x0BD914 ds=0x4019BC8
13 bd_ptr=0x4904 pak=0x0BD744 ds=0x4019510
14 bd_ptr=0x4918 pak=0x0BD574 ds=0x4018E58
15 bd_ptr=0x492C pak=0x0BD3A4 ds=0x40187A0
16 bd_ptr=0x4940 pak=0x0BD1D4 ds=0x40180E8
cpb = 0x1, eda = 0x5014, cda = 0x5014
TX ring with 2 entries at 0x4015000
status=80
status=80
status=80
status=80
status=80
status=80
status=80
status=80
status=80
status=80
status=80
status=80
status=80
pak_size=0
pak_size=0
pak_size=0
pak_size=0
pak_size=0
pak_size=0
pak_size=0
pak_size=0
pak_size=0
pak_size=0
pak_size=0
pak_size=0
pak_size=0
00 bd_ptr=0x5000 pak=0x000000 ds=0x4031838 status=80 pak_size=22
01 bd_ptr=0x5014 pak=0x000000 ds=0x000000 status=80 pak_size=0
02 bd_ptr=0x5028 pak=0x000000 ds=0x000000 status=80 pak_size=0
0 missed datagrams, 0 overruns
0 bad datagram encapsulations, 0 memory errors
0 transmitter underruns
0 residual bit errors
13
Hyderabad#

14. Microsoft Windows 2000 [Version 5.00.2195]
(C) Copyright 1985-2000 Microsoft Corp.
C:> telnet 192.168.2.150
Connecting .....
================================
Welcome to Chennai Router
================================
User Access Verification
password : ****
Chennai> enable
password : ****
Chennai# show controllers S 1
HD unit 0, idb = 0xB7574, driver structure at 0xBC2F8
buffer size 1524 HD unit 0, V.35 DTE cable
cpb = 0xE1, eda = 0x4814, cda = 0x4828
RX ring with 16 entries at 0xE14800
00 bd_ptr=0x4800 pak=0x0BEB34 ds=0xE1DEF8 status=80 pak_size=13
01 bd_ptr=0x4814 pak=0x0BF0A4 ds=0xE1F320 status=80 pak_size=13
02 bd_ptr=0x4828 pak=0x0BED04 ds=0xE1E5B0 status=80 pak_size=0
03 bd_ptr=0x483C pak=0x0BE964 ds=0xE1D840 status=80 pak_size=0
--More--
14

15. 04 bd_ptr=0x4850 pak=0x0BE794 ds=0xE1D188 status=80
05 bd_ptr=0x4864 pak=0x0BE5C4 ds=0xE1CAD0 status=80
06 bd_ptr=0x4878 pak=0x0BE3F4 ds=0xE1C418 status=80
07 bd_ptr=0x488C pak=0x0BE224 ds=0xE1BD60 status=80
08 bd_ptr=0x48A0 pak=0x0BE054 ds=0xE1B6A8 status=80
09 bd_ptr=0x48B4 pak=0x0BDE84 ds=0xE1AFF0 status=80
10 bd_ptr=0x48C8 pak=0x0BDCB4 ds=0xE1A938 status=80
11 bd_ptr=0x48DC pak=0x0BDAE4 ds=0xE1A280 status=80
12 bd_ptr=0x48F0 pak=0x0BD914 ds=0xE19BC8 status=80
13 bd_ptr=0x4904 pak=0x0BD744 ds=0xE19510 status=80
14 bd_ptr=0x4918 pak=0x0BD574 ds=0xE18E58 status=80
15 bd_ptr=0x492C pak=0x0BD3A4 ds=0xE187A0 status=80
16 bd_ptr=0x4940 pak=0x0BD1D4 ds=0xE180E8 status=80
cpb = 0xE1, eda = 0x5028, cda = 0x5028
TX ring with 2 entries at 0xE15000
00 bd_ptr=0x5000 pak=0x000000 ds=0xE31964 status=80
01 bd_ptr=0x5014 pak=0x000000 ds=0xE31964 status=80
02 bd_ptr=0x5028 pak=0x000000 ds=0x000000 status=80
0 missed datagrams, 0 overruns
0 bad datagram encapsulations, 0 memory errors
0 transmitter underruns
0 residual bit errors
Chennai#
15
pak_size=0
pak_size=0
pak_size=0
pak_size=0
pak_size=0
pak_size=0
pak_size=0
pak_size=0
pak_size=0
pak_size=0
pak_size=0
pak_size=0
pak_size=0
pak_size=13
pak_size=13
pak_size=0

16. Microsoft Windows 2000 [Version 5.00.2195]
(C) Copyright 1985-2000 Microsoft Corp.
C:> telnet 192.168.1.150
Connecting .....
================================
Configuring Serial interface
Configuring Serial interface
Welcome to Hyderabad Router
Router(config)#interface serial <no>
Router(config)#interface serial <no>
================================
Router(config-if)#ip address <address> <mask>
Router(config-if)#ip address <address> <mask>
User Access Verification
Router(config-if)#no shutdown
password : **** Router(config-if)#no shutdown
Router(config-if)#clockrate <clock rate>
Hyderabad> enable
Router(config-if)#clockrate <clock rate>
password : **** Router(config-if)#encapsulation {ppp|hdlc}
Router(config-if)#encapsulation {ppp|hdlc}
Hyderabad# configure terminal
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
Hyderabad(config)# interface serial 0
Hyderabad(config-if)# ip address 10.0.0.1 255.0.0.0
Hyderabad(config-if)# no shutdown
Hyderabad(config-if)# clockrate 64000
Hyderabad(config-if)# encapsulation hdlc
Hyderabad(config-if)# exit
Hyderabad(config)#
16

17. Microsoft Windows 2000 [Version 5.00.2195]
(C) Copyright 1985-2000 Microsoft Corp.
C:> telnet 192.168.2.150
Connecting .....
================================
Configuring Serial interface
Welcome to Chennai RouterConfiguring Serial interface
Router(config)#interface serial <no>
Router(config)#interface serial <no>
================================
Router(config-if)#ip address <address> <mask>
Router(config-if)#ip address <address> <mask>
User Access Verification
Router(config-if)#no shutdown
password : **** Router(config-if)#no shutdown
Chennai> enable Router(config-if)#clockrate <clock rate>
Router(config-if)#clockrate <clock rate>
password : **** Router(config-if)#encapsulation {ppp|hdlc}
Router(config-if)#encapsulation {ppp|hdlc}
Chennai# configure terminal
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
Chennai(config)# interface serial 1
Chennai(config-if)# ip address 10.0.0.2 255.0.0.0
Chennai(config-if)# no shutdown
Chennai(config-if)# encapsulation hdlc
Chennai(config-if)# exit
Chennai(config)#
17

18. Microsoft Windows 2000 [Version 5.00.2195]
(C) Copyright 1985-2000 Microsoft Corp.
C:> telnet 192.168.1.150
Connecting .....
================================
Welcome to Hyderabad Router
================================
User Access Verification
password : ****
Hyderabad> enable
password : ****
Hyderabad# configure terminal
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
Hyderabad(config)# interface serial 0
Hyderabad(config-if)# ip address 10.0.0.1 255.0.0.0
Hyderabad(config-if)# no shutdown
Hyderabad(config-if)# clockrate 64000
Hyderabad(config-if)# encapsulation hdlc
Hyderabad(config-if)# exit
Hyderabad(config)# exit
Hyderabad# show int s0
18

19. Serial0 is up, line protocol is up
Hardware is HD64570
Internet address is 10.0.0.1/8
MTU 1500 bytes,BW 1544 Kbit,DLY 20000 usec,rely 255/255,load 1/255
Encapsulation HDLC, loopback not set, keepalive set (10 sec)
Last input 00:05:29, output 00:00:03, output hang never
Last clearing of "show interface" counters never
Input queue: 0/75/0 (size/max/drops); Total output drops: 0
Queueing strategy: weighted fair
Output queue: 0/1000/64/0 (size/max total/threshold/drops)
Conversations 0/1/256 (active/max
1.Serial0 is up, line protocol is up active/max total)
Serial0 is up, line protocol is up
1. Reserved Conversations 0/0 (allocated/max allocated)
5 minute input rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec
Implies, all rate 0 bits/sec, 0 the connectivity are
5 minute output configurations and the connectivity are
Implies, all configurations and packets/sec
997 packets input, 20161 bytes, 0 no buffer
Received 875 broadcasts, 0 runts, 0 giants, 0 throttles
fine.
fine.
0 input errors, 0 CRC, 0 frame, 0 overrun, 0 ignored, 0 abort
899 packets output, 24785 bytes, 0 underruns
0 output errors, 0 collisions, 132 interface resets
0 output buffer failures, 0 output buffers swapped out
325 carrier transitions
DCD=up DSR=up DTR=up RTS=up CTS=up
Hyderabad# show int s0
19

20. Serial0 is administratively down, line protocol is down
Hardware is HD64570
Internet address is 10.0.0.1/8
MTU 1500 bytes,BW 1544 Kbit,DLY 20000 usec,rely 255/255,load 1/255
Encapsulation HDLC, loopback not set, keepalive set (10 sec)
Last input 00:01:27, output 00:01:20, output hang never
Last clearing of "show interface" counters never
Input queue: 0/75/0 (size/max/drops); Total output drops: 0
Queueing strategy: weighted fair
Output queue: 0/1000/64/0 (size/max total/threshold/drops)
Conversations 0/1/256 (active/max active/max total)
2.Serial0 is administratively down, line protocol is down
Serial0 is administratively down, line protocol is down
2. Reserved Conversations 0/0 (allocated/max allocated)
5 minute input rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec
Implies, No rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec
5 minute outputShut (Layer1 command) has not been
Implies, No Shut (Layer1 command) has not been
995 packets input, 20133 bytes, 0 no buffer
Received the local routers interface.
given on 873 broadcasts, 0 runts, 0 giants, 0 throttles
given on the local routers interface.
0 input errors, 0 CRC, 0 frame, 0 overrun, 0 ignored, 0 abort
896 packets output, 24163 bytes, 0 underruns
0 output errors, 0 collisions, 131 interface resets
0 output buffer failures, 0 output buffers swapped out
325 carrier transitions
DCD=up DSR=up DTR=down RTS=down CTS=up
Hyderabad# show int s0
20

21. Serial0 is up, line protocol is down
Hardware is HD64570
Internet address is 10.0.0.1/8
MTU 1500 bytes,BW 1544 Kbit,DLY 20000 usec,rely 255/255,load 1/255
Encapsulation HDLC, loopback not set, keepalive set (10 sec)
Last input 00:07:56, output 00:00:05, output hang never
Last clearing of "show interface" counters never
Input queue: 0/75/0 (size/max/drops); Total output drops: 0
Queueing strategy: weighted fair
Output queue: up, line protocol is down
3. Serial0 is 0/1000/64/0 (size/max total/threshold/drops)
3. Serial0 is up, line protocol is downactive/max total)
Conversations 0/1/256 (active/max
Reserved Conversations 0/0 (allocated/max allocated)
Implies Encapsulation or 0 packets/sec
5 minute input rate 0 bits/sec,Clock Rate (Layer2
Implies ,, Encapsulation or Clock Rate (Layer2
5 minute output rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec
1028 packets input, 20595 bytes,
no buffer
commands) have not been given or encapsulation on
commands) have not been given0or encapsulation on
Received 906 broadcasts, 0 runts, 0 giants, 0 throttles
0 input routers are different.
both theerrors, 0are different. 0 overrun, 0 ignored, 0 abort
the routers CRC, 0 frame,
bothpackets output, 25475 bytes, 0 underruns
917
0 output errors, 0 collisions, 138 interface resets
0 output buffer failures, 0 output buffers swapped out
341 carrier transitions
DCD=up DSR=up DTR=up RTS=up CTS=up
Hyderabad# show int s0
21

22. Serial0 is down, line protocol is down
Hardware is HD64570
Internet address is 10.0.0.1/8
MTU 1500 bytes,BW 1544 Kbit,DLY 20000 usec,rely 255/255,load 1/255
Encapsulation HDLC, loopback not set, keepalive set (10 sec)
Last input 00:12:40, output 00:00:08, output hang never
Last clearing of "show interface" counters never
Input queue: 0/75/0 (size/max/drops); Total output drops: 0
Queueing strategy: weighted fair
Output queue: down, line protocol is total/threshold/drops)
4. Serial0 is 0/1000/64/0 (size/max down
4. Serial0 is down, line protocol is down
Conversations 0/1/256 (active/max active/max total)
Reserved Conversations 0/0 (allocated/max allocated)
Implies No Shut bits/sec, 0 packets/sec
5 minute input rate 0 has not been given on the remote
Implies ,, No Shut has not been given on the remote
5 minute output rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec
1088 packets input, some problem with the
routers interface or some problem with the physical
routers interface or 21435 bytes, 0 no buffer physical
Received 966 broadcasts, 0 runts, 0 giants, 0 throttles
0 input errors,
connectivity. 0 CRC, 0 frame, 0 overrun, 0 ignored, 0 abort
connectivity.
945 packets output, 26091 bytes, 0 underruns
0 output errors, 0 collisions, 147 interface resets
0 output buffer failures, 0 output buffers swapped out
370 carrier transitions
DCD=down DSR=down DTR=up RTS=up CTS=down
Hyderabad#
22

23. 23