13. Roadmap to 3G Standardization Organizations of 3G
14. Family Conception 3G standards CN based on MAP TD-SCDMA CN based on MAP CDMA2000 CN based on ANSI-41 CDMA is the main technology of 3G WCDMA Standardization Organizations of 3G
16. 3GPP in the World 3GPP - Third Generation Partnership Project ARIB - Association of Radio Industries and Businesses CWTS - China Wireless Telecommunication Standard group ETSI - European Telecommunications Standards Institute T1 - Standards Committee T1 Telecommunications TTA - Telecommunications Technology Association TTC - Telecommunication Technology Committee GSM - Global System for Mobile Communications UMTS - Universal Mobile Telecommunications System IETF - Internet Engineering Task Force ITU-R - International Telecommunication Union -Radiocommunication ITU-T - International Telecommunication Union - Telecommunication Standardization Standardization Organizations of 3G
17. Technical Specification of Wireless Interface Standardization Organizations of 3G IMT-2000 CDMA DS IMT-2000 CDMA MC IMT-2000 CDMA TDD WCDMA CDMA 2000 TD-SCDMA Wireless Interface
21. Comparison among 3G Modes 3G Modes Compared and WCDMA development 800 times/s 200 times/s 1500 times/s Power Control Rate Synchronous Open loop + closed loop QPSK/8PSK Convolution Code, Turbo Code 10ms (Sub-frame 5ms) TDD 1.28Mc/s 1.6M TD-SCDMA Uplink: QPSK, Downlink: BPSK QPSK/BPSK Modulation Open loop + fast closed loop Open loop + fast closed loop Power Control Synchronous Synchronous/Asynchronous Synchronization Mode of Base Station Convolution Code, Turbo Code Convolution Code, Turbo Code Channel Coding 20ms 10ms Frame Length FDD FDD Duplex Mode 1.228Mc/s 3.84Mc/s Chip Rate 1.25M*2 5M*2 Channel Bandwidth CDMA2000 WCDMA
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30. ZTE 3G Total Solution RRU Indoor Macro Node B Outdoor Macro Node B Indoor Micro Node B Outdoor Micro Node B Pico Node B UTRAN RNC RRU Base Band Pool RRU RRU RRU MSC Server MGW HLR SGSN GGSN Core Network SS7 Internet WAP Gateway GSM/GPRS BSS PSTN/ISDN Service Gateway Management Platform SCP Service Platform RNC ZTE WCDMA Features Sigtran Service Portal Service Platform
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34. ZTE’s WCDMA Worldwide Application, world-class Quality Estonia Tajikistan Nepal ZTE ZTE’s WCDMA commercial system has successfully launched on nearly 20 countries including Libya, Tunis, Estonia, Ethiopia, Nepal, Tajikistan. In the expansion of oversea market, with ZTE’s V3 series commercial system, we successfully set up the solo network, 2G/3G hybrid network and various network constructions on the basis of R99 or R4 version. Tunis ZTE WCDMA Features GSM/WCDMA Indigo Tajikistan GSM/WCDMA NTC Nepal GSM/WCDMA Libyana Libya WCDMA Bravocom Estonia … … … GSM/WCDMA Network Mode ETC Ethiopia Operator Country
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40. ZTE WCDMA Latest Applications For TM and Dialog, ZTE got UMTS contract in Sri Lanka in Apr 2007. As to Etisalat, ZTE UMTS products have been deployed near Abu for commercial trial in Nov 2006. In Ethiopia, ZTE got a 15 million lines GSM/UMTS contract in Mar 2007, and will be the sole vender of the whole network in future 3 years. ZTE WCDMA Features
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Why we need 3G?--- Why do we need 3G phones anyway? 3G services will make serious business applications, picture messaging and mobile gaming a reality. "There's a lot of talk of 3G, but operators have a great opportunity to introduce services based on GPRS - which only involves changing software and an upgrade at base stations which is a far more straightforward upgrade than moving to 3G. As previously reported, last week Symbian announced the latest revision of its OS (which is called the 'packet data' release) that adds GPRS and Bluetooth support, and support for WAP 1.2. The Symbian platform v6.1 runs within the Java 2 Platform, Micro Edition (J2ME), which makes it a suitable environment for the development of business applications. Older GSM technology uses circuit switching techniques which is one of the reasons early WAP services have disappointed, who packet data and an always-on GPRS connection offers access to content in a much more "elegant" way. With applications like picture messaging replacing text messaging, GPRS would be a hit in the consumer space and generate revenues for operators for at least the next three years. All of which raises the question, which is also being discussed by operators, of why should users move to 3G if GPRS provides almost all the services they are looking for? With the development of streaming media for GPRS, functions such as video connectivity are looking less and less like a killer ap for 3G. We predict many anxious meeting at Orange, Vodafone and the like as its developers figure out what to bundle with 3G. After all they to come up with something pretty compelling to deliver the kind of revenues the exorbitant license fees telcos shelled out will demand.
This picture shows the evolution of mobile communications. Analog celluar systems is referred to as 1st generation systems. The digital systems now in use ,such as GSM ,CDMAIS-95,TDMA IS-36 are 2nd generation systems. These system can provides voice services, text message, and low speed data service. For example, CHINA UNICOM ,cdma1x,it can provide 135kb/s date rate. EDGE of CHINA MOBILE can provide about 100kb/s data rate. 3G is designed for multimedia communication. it can provide higher data rate to transmit high quality image and video. It will create new business opportunities not only for manufacturers and operators, but also for the providers of content and applications using these networks.
The 1st generation uses FDMA technology, FDMA which means Frequency Division Mulitiplex Access Technology.we use frequency to identify user.Frequency will be divided into several sections.each user occupys one carrier frequency.Each carrier frequency eaquals one traffic channel .voice is transmitted continuously in time domain.FDMA has low spectrum effectiveness.
The 2nd generation adopts TDMA technology. TDMA which means Time division multiplex access .The difference between FMDA and TDMA is that one section frequecy will be shared by several users.these users occupy the same carrier frequecy in different time. That means voice is transmitted uncontinuously in time domain. TDMA thchnology can increase frequency spectrum efficiency.in GSM system ,one carrier can support 8 users.
The 3th generation ,as we know,inculudes WCDMA\\CDMA2000\\TD-SCDMA,from these names, we can see that CDMA is the main technology in 3G,. CDMA means Code Division Multiplex Access. We use codes to identify users. All users will occopy the same carrier frequecy in same time. If we have enough codes,then we can accept more users. Compares with FDMA and TDMA, CDMA has the higest spectrum effectiveness at the present time .it can provides larger capacity,high voice quality and soft hand-over.
In mobile communication system ,there is two types of duplex mode. TDD and FDD. One question ,what is duplex ? Simply to explain ,duplex meas Transmission and receiving. Another question, what is FDD,and TDD? As we know,BTS and MS need to communicate with each other by radio signal. From BTS to MS, it is downlink. From MS to BTS ,that is uplink. So if the uplink and dowlink use same frequency,it is TDD.If the uplink and downlink use different frequecy ,it is FDD. GSM system uses FDD mode.3G system ,WCDMA and CDMA2000 use FDD,TD-SCDMA use TDD.
1G － Analog voice telephony － Digital voice, mobile data － Packet data, always connected （ 2.5G ） 3G- Multimedia Messaging, Multiple services-- Cost efficient IP based network, higher data rates(3G evolution) In UMTS four traffic calsses have been identified: 四大类业务－对话类 conversational ，流类 streaming ，交互类 interaction, 背景 background according to time delay and error bit The main distinguishing factor between these classes is how delay-sensitive the traffic is. The conversational class is meant for very delay-sensitive traffic while background class is the most delay-insensitive. eg: voice service require Stringent and low delay . If you are talking with sb, you must be want to get responses as soon as possible. you don’t care little error (a letter pronunciation error), because you can know his meaning according to the context. But email service need data integrity , you want to get the accurate news/words . Don’t care time delay much, (interactive and background—web browsing, network games)
ITU1985 年提出 FPLMTS 1996 年日本等国建议，将 FPLMTS 更名为国际移动通信系统 IMT-2000 。 WRC-92 ： 92 年的世界无线电大会， world radio convention 1920-1980 2110-2170
The goal of 3G The following is the goal of 3G, 3G system adopt many new technologies to ensure the realization. High transmit rate----Rich and colorful service ,--who can tell me you know about 3G services? Internet surfing, VOD…Max rate up to 2Mb/s Larger capacity,--about 9 times than AMPS, and about 5 times than GSM If have larger capacity , accordingly the cost of each subscriber is lower. With increased system capacity and reduced equipment cost per subscriber, the WCDMA network requires less investment to build than a 2G network. So 3G network. Due to authentication and cipher, 3G has good secret performance. This can protect user data. That means smooth migration to the 3G. Last one is very important to the operators. This can protect the operator’s benefits at the most. In conclusion, 3G system is significantly superior to 2G system in terms of subscriber capacity and transmission performance and so on.
There are 2 evolution paths to 3G GPRS = G eneral P acket R adio S ervice, HSCSD = H igh S peed C ircuit S witched D ata EDGE = E nhanced D ata rate for G sm E volution, UMTS = U niversal M obile T elecomunication S ystem GSM today We can currently use a data terminal attached to an MS to connect to any standard data service provided by the PSTN, ISDN or PDN networks as long as the network accepts a data rate of 9.6 kbps and the IWF is equipped. This includes access to the Web, e-mail, fax etc.. Use of these facilities is generally limited due to the speed of the communication. Internet use is expensive and slow due to the limited data rate and the circuit switched nature of the GSM system. GSM 2+ HSCSD allows 14.4 kbps in one TS as from 1Q99 and multiple timeslots in the future. It is however, still a circuit switched system which will supply expensive connections unless the operators pricing schemes are imaginative. It will help those who use data over GSM today and encourage others to use the services but it does involve a capacity penalty for the network. GPRS is the first major revolution in GSM data, providing speeds over 100 kbit/s on a pseudo-packet switched radio interface and a real packet switched NSS. This will encourage users to connect to high-speed applications across the wireless network and optimises the network resources for data transmission.----171kb There are however some limitations and the first implementations will have mobility constraints. However, it is likely to attract users to internet type services and provides operators with a natural migration path towards 3G systems. Enhanced Data rate for Gsm Evolution or EDGE is often referred to in GPRS context as the combination of the two technologies is seen by some groups in the mobile industry as an alternative for UMTS. This makes EDGE an alternative for operators without an UMTS license who wish to offer medium-speed mobile data services. EDGE is being defined for both GPRS and GSM data services. EDGE is a redefinition of the GSM modulation and coding scheme from GMSK to 8-PSK. It gives up to three times higher throughput compared to GSM, using the same bandwidth. This will enable end-user data rates of maximum 48 kbps per Time Slot for GPRS and 28.8 kbps per TS for GSM services. By combining multiple TSs as with GPRS, data rates of 384 kbps can be achieved. Up to V10* the data services were limited to 9.6 kbps. A new service has been standardized in ETSI to reach 14.4 kbps user rate (AUIR) on one TS. This enhancement is a part of a global strategy aimed at offering higher data rates. This new data rate is the result of a new channel coding on the radio interface. The BSS provides two modes: transparent data service, non transparent data service, using RLP protocol between MS and IWF.
All 3G standards are still under constant development. There is revolutionary change in Radio network. So the smooth evolution mainly means the evolution of core network. Here is mainstream technology in 3G. WCDMA and TD-SCDMA :cn is based on GSM MAP. CDMA2000:cn is based on ANSI-41 .TD-SCDMA bring forward by datang telecom. it is now launched in 8 olympic cities of China. When cn based on GSM or IS-41, radio network should adopt WCDMA or TD-SCDMA.GSM is the most mature technology in the 2G system.
There’re so many standardization organization of 3G. 3Gpp and 3Gpp2 is the most famous.Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) was formed to continue the technical specification work for a 3rd Generation Mobile System based on the evolved GSM core networks. ---- was responsible for WCDMA and TD-SCDMA standardization process .Third Generation Partnership Project 2 (3GPP) was formed for technical development of cdma2000 technology which is a member of IMT-2000 family. 3Gpp2 focus on evolution from IS-95.
The 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) is a collaboration agreement that was established in December 1998. The collaboration agreement brings together a number of telecommunications standards bodies which are known as “Organizational Partners”. The current Organizational Partners are ARIB, ETSI, ATIS, TTA, and TTC. The original scope of 3GPP was to produce globally applicable Technical Specifications and Technical Reports for a 3rd Generation Mobile System based on evolved GSM core networks and the radio access technologies that they support (i.e., Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (UTRA) both Frequency Division Duplex (FDD) and Time Division Duplex (TDD) modes). The scope was subsequently amended to include the maintenance and development of the Global System for Mobile communication (GSM) Technical Specifications and Technical Reports including evolved radio access technologies (e.g. General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) and Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution (EDGE)).
TD-SCDMA is the Chinese 3G standard. It was first developed by CATT and proposed by the China Wireless Telecommunication Standard group (CWTS) to the International Telecommunications Union (ITU) in 1998. In 2000, it was approved by the ITU as one of the candidate standards for 3G radio communication, and in 2001, TD-SCDMA (LCR) was accepted by the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) as a part of UMTS release 4. In this report ABI Research analyzes the TD-SCDMA industry chain in depth, from the wireless operators and equipment vendors to handset and chipset vendors. The study examines the attitudes of the Chinese government and domestic wireless operators, and describes the possible shape of TD-SCDMA network construction and business application. Based on our understanding of the industry, operators and the Chinese government, we forecast when and how 3G licenses will be issued. ABI Research conducted mass data collection and direct interviews with the companies involved, and the report gives an introduction to, and analysis of, the companies involved in the industrial chain. The report will help readers understand both the development of the TD-SCDMA industry and the 3G market in mainland
This picture show the frequency allocation by ITU. In Europe and most of Asia country, the frequency range of WCDMA is : Uplink:1920-1980MHz, downlink: 2110-2170Mhz. WCDMA has been accepted by most equipment manufactures and services supplier globally. We know frequency allocated to WCDMA has been occupied by 2G system in some country. So 3G and 2G system can work at the same frequency.
3G network includes 3 aspects;UTRAN, CN,and Service Platform. UTRAN :RNC \\ NodeB CN: CS domain and PS domain .—CS(MGW \\ MSCServer) PS( SGSN \\ GGSN). Zte can provide all equipments of 3G network.
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