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IS-IS
Introduction to OpenFlow,
SDN & NFV
1
Kingston Smiler. S
Content
Why we need new paradigm in networking?.
OpenFlow.
SDN.
NFV.
2
Traditional Computing Vs Modern
Computing
Converged Infrastructure
Compute
Storage
Network
Traditional Computing Vs Modern
Computing
Traditional Vs Modern Computing
Provisioning Methods
Source: Adopted from Transforming the Network With Open SDN by Big Switch Network
Modern Networking Complexity
Ref: Javvin
Traditional Vs Modern Networking
Provisioning Methods
Source: Adopted from Transforming the Network With Open SDN by Big Switch Network
Computing Vs Networking
Source: Adopted from Transforming the Network With Open SDN by Big Switch Network
Current Network Vs OpenFlow
Network Vs SDN Network
Source: Adopted from SDN and NFV: Facts, Extensions, and Carrier Opportunities by Prof. Raj Jain
OpenFlow, SDN, NFV Evolution
OpenFlow
12
Problems
 Closed Systems with no or very minimal abstractions
in the network design.
 Hardware centric – usage of custom ASICs with
Vendor Specific Software.
 Difficult to perform real world experiments on large
scale production networks.
 No standard abstractions towards north bound and
south bound interfaces, even though we have
standard abstractions in the east / west bound
interface with peer routers / switches.
13
Need for OpenFlow
 Facilitate Innovation in Network
 Layered architecture with Standard Open Interfaces
 Independent innovation at each layer
 More accessibility since software can be easily developed by
more vendors
 Speed-to-market – no hardware fabrication cycles
 More flexibility with programmability and ease of customization
and integration with other software applications
 Fast upgrades
 Program a network vs Configure a network
14
What is Open Flow
 OpenFlow is like an x86 instruction set for the network nodes.
 Provides open interface to “black box” networking node (ie.
Routers, L2/L3 switch) to enable visibility and openness in
network
 Separation of control plane and data plane.
 The datapath of an OpenFlow Switch consists of a Flow Table, and an
action associated with each flow entry
 The control path consists of a controller which programs the flow entry
in the flow table
15
Traditional Switch Forwarding
16Source: Adopted from ONF11 presentation by Martin Casado
Open Flow Switch Forwarding
17Source: Adopted from ONF11 presentation by Martin Casado
Open Flow Illustration
Source: Adopted from ONF11 presentation by Martin Casado
Controller
OpenFlow Switch
Flow
Table
Secure
Channel
PC
hw
sw
OpenFlow Switch specification
Components of OpenFlow Network
19
* Figure From OpenFlow Switch Specification
OpenFlow Controller
 Manages one or more switch via OpenFlow channels.
 Uses OpenFlow protocol to communicate with a OpenFlow
aware switch.
 Acts similar to control plane of traditional switch.
 Provides a network wide abstraction for the applications on
north bound.
 Responsible for programming various tables in the OpenFlow
Switch.
 Single switch can be managed by more than one controller for
load balancing or redundancy purpose. In this case the
controller can take any one of the following roles.
 Master.
 Slave.
 Equal.
20
OpenFlow Channel
 Used to exchange OpenFlow message between switch and
controller.
 Switch can establish single or multiple connections to same or
different controllers (auxiliary connections).
 A controller configures and manages the switch, receives
events from the switch, and send packets out the switch via
this interface
 The SC connection is a TLS/TCP connection. Switch and
controller mutually authenticate by exchanging certificates
signed by a site-specific private key
21
OpenFlow Switch
 Consists of one or more flow tables, group table and meter
table.
 A single switch can be managed by one or more controllers.
 The flow tables and group table are used during the lookup or
forwarding phase in order to forward the packet to appropriate
port.
 Meter table is used to perform simple QOS operations like
rate-limiting to complex QOS operations like DiffServ etc
22
Pipeline Processing
23
* Figure From OpenFlow Switch Specification
Packet Flow in OpenFlow Switch
24
* Figure From OpenFlow Switch Specification
Open Flow
General Myth
 SDN is Open Flow
Reality
 OpenFlow is an open API that provides a standard
interface for programming the data plane switches
25
SDN
26
SDN Definition
Centralization of control of the
network via the
Separation of control logic to off-
device compute, that
Enables automation and orchestration
of network services via
Open programmatic interfaces
SDN Benefits
Efficiency: optimize existing
applications, services, and
infrastructure
Scale: rapidly grow existing
applications and services
Innovation: create and deliver new
types of applications and services and
business models
What is SDN?
27Source: Adopted from SDN Central (Software-Defined Networking (SDN) Use Cases)
Need for SDN
 Network Virtualization (Data Center & Cloud)– Use network
resource without worrying about where it is physically located,
how much it is, how it is organized, etc.
 Orchestration (Cloud) - Automated arrangement, coordination,
and management of complex computer systems, middleware,
and services.
 Programmable (Enterprise) - Should be able to change behavior
on the fly.
 Dynamic Scaling (Cloud) - Should be able to change size, quantity
 Automation - To lower OpEx minimize manual involvement
 Troubleshooting
 Reduce downtime
 Policy enforcement
 Provisioning/Re-provisioning/Segmentation of resources
28Source: Adopted from Introduction to Software Defined Software Defined Networking (SDN) Networking (SDN) by Prof. Raj Jain
Need for SDN (Contd..)
 Visibility - Monitor resources, connectivity.
 Performance - Optimize network device utilization
 Traffic engineering/Bandwidth management
 Capacity optimization
 Load balancing
 High utilization
 Multi-tenancy (Data Center / Cloud)- Tenants need complete
control over their addresses, topology, and routing, security
 Service Integration (Enterprise)- Load balancers, firewalls,
Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS), provisioned on demand and
placed appropriately on the traffic path
29Source: Adopted from Introduction to Software Defined Software Defined Networking (SDN) Networking (SDN) by Prof. Raj Jain
SDN Innovation & Components
30
SDN Controller/ Network Operating System
App App App App
OpenFlow
Packet-Forwarding
Hardware
OpenFlow compliant
OS
Packet-Forwarding
Hardware
OpenFlow compliant
OS
Packet-Forwarding
Hardware
OpenFlow compliant
OS
Well-defined
Open API
Source: Adopted from SDN Central (Software-Defined Networking (SDN) Use Cases)
SDN Central 31
SDN Approach
SDN Central 32
Server Abstraction Vs SDN Abstraction
SDN – Game changer?
33
• Complete removal of control plane may be
harmful. Exact division of control plane between
centralized controller and distributed forwarders
is yet to be worked out.
• SDN is easy if control plane is centralized but not
necessary. Distributed solutions may be
required for legacy equipment and for fail-safe
operation.
Source: Adopted from Introduction to Software Defined Software Defined Networking (SDN) Networking (SDN) by Prof. Raj Jain
Key Attributes for SDN Success
Architecture for a Networked Operating
System with a service/application oriented
namespace
Resource virtualization, elasticity and
aggregation (pooling to achieve scaling)
Appropriate abstractions to foster
simplification
Decouple topology, traffic and inter-layer
dependencies
Dynamic multi-layer networking
SDN – Challenges
35
NFV
36
What is NFV?
 Network Functions Virtualization (NFV) is a network
architecture concept that proposes using IT
virtualization related technologies, to virtualize entire
classes of network node functions into building blocks
that may be connected, or chained, together to create
communication services.
 Concept of NFV originated from SDN.
 NFV and SDN are complementary. One does not
depend upon the other. You can do SDN only, NFV
only, or SDN and NFV together.
 Specification comes from ETSI Industry Specification
Group. 37
Part III - Open Flow Applications
38
NFV vs SDN
Source: Adopted from http://www.overturenetworks.com/blog/2013/04/12/network-function-virtualization-and-software-defined-networking-whats-difference
39
NFV Innovations
Source: Adopted from SDN and NFV: Facts, Extensions, and Carrier Opportunities by Prof. Raj Jain
40
NFV Components
Source: Adopted from SDN and NFV: Facts, Extensions, and Carrier Opportunities by Prof. Raj Jain
41
NFV Architecture
Source: Adopted from SDN and NFV: Facts, Extensions, and Carrier Opportunities by Prof. Raj Jain
Summary
42
 NFV provides virtualization, orchestration, scaling,
automation, hardware independence etc..
 NFV and SDN are complementary and independent
frameworks.
 NFV doesn’t mandata control plane and Data plane
separation and hence OpenFlow is not mandated in
NFV.
 Lot of Network function has been demonstrated by
carriers already.
References / Reading List
 B. Martinussen (Cisco), “Introduction to Software Defined Networks (SDN),” April 2013,
http://www.cisco.com/web/europe/ciscoconnect2013/pdf/DC_3_SDN.pdf
 http://www.sdncentral.com/sdn-use-cases /
 Open Data Center Alliance Usage Model: Software Defined Networking Rev 1.0,”
http://www.opendatacenteralliance.org/docs/Software_Defined_Networking_Master_Usage_Model
_Rev1.0.pdf
 SDN and NFV: Facts, Extensions, and Carrier Opportunities by Prof. Raj Jain
 OpenFlow Switch Specication V 1.4.
 Software Defined Software Defined Networking (SDN) Networking (SDN) by Prof. Raj Jain
 ETSI, “NFV - Update White Paper,” Oct 2013, http://portal.etsi.org/NFV/NFV_White_Paper2.pdf
 ETSI, “Architectural Framework,” Oct 2013
 ETSI, “NFV Use Cases,”
 Intel, “Open simplified Networking Based on SDN and NFV,” 2013, 7 pp.,
http://www.intel.com/content/dam/www/public/us/en/documents/whitepapers/sdn-part-1-
secured.pdf
 SDN Central (Software-Defined Networking (SDN) Use Cases)
43

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Introduction to OpenFlow, SDN and NFV

  • 1. IS-IS Introduction to OpenFlow, SDN & NFV 1 Kingston Smiler. S
  • 2. Content Why we need new paradigm in networking?. OpenFlow. SDN. NFV. 2
  • 3. Traditional Computing Vs Modern Computing
  • 5. Traditional Computing Vs Modern Computing
  • 6. Traditional Vs Modern Computing Provisioning Methods Source: Adopted from Transforming the Network With Open SDN by Big Switch Network
  • 8. Traditional Vs Modern Networking Provisioning Methods Source: Adopted from Transforming the Network With Open SDN by Big Switch Network
  • 9. Computing Vs Networking Source: Adopted from Transforming the Network With Open SDN by Big Switch Network
  • 10. Current Network Vs OpenFlow Network Vs SDN Network
  • 11. Source: Adopted from SDN and NFV: Facts, Extensions, and Carrier Opportunities by Prof. Raj Jain OpenFlow, SDN, NFV Evolution
  • 13. Problems  Closed Systems with no or very minimal abstractions in the network design.  Hardware centric – usage of custom ASICs with Vendor Specific Software.  Difficult to perform real world experiments on large scale production networks.  No standard abstractions towards north bound and south bound interfaces, even though we have standard abstractions in the east / west bound interface with peer routers / switches. 13
  • 14. Need for OpenFlow  Facilitate Innovation in Network  Layered architecture with Standard Open Interfaces  Independent innovation at each layer  More accessibility since software can be easily developed by more vendors  Speed-to-market – no hardware fabrication cycles  More flexibility with programmability and ease of customization and integration with other software applications  Fast upgrades  Program a network vs Configure a network 14
  • 15. What is Open Flow  OpenFlow is like an x86 instruction set for the network nodes.  Provides open interface to “black box” networking node (ie. Routers, L2/L3 switch) to enable visibility and openness in network  Separation of control plane and data plane.  The datapath of an OpenFlow Switch consists of a Flow Table, and an action associated with each flow entry  The control path consists of a controller which programs the flow entry in the flow table 15
  • 16. Traditional Switch Forwarding 16Source: Adopted from ONF11 presentation by Martin Casado
  • 17. Open Flow Switch Forwarding 17Source: Adopted from ONF11 presentation by Martin Casado
  • 18. Open Flow Illustration Source: Adopted from ONF11 presentation by Martin Casado
  • 19. Controller OpenFlow Switch Flow Table Secure Channel PC hw sw OpenFlow Switch specification Components of OpenFlow Network 19 * Figure From OpenFlow Switch Specification
  • 20. OpenFlow Controller  Manages one or more switch via OpenFlow channels.  Uses OpenFlow protocol to communicate with a OpenFlow aware switch.  Acts similar to control plane of traditional switch.  Provides a network wide abstraction for the applications on north bound.  Responsible for programming various tables in the OpenFlow Switch.  Single switch can be managed by more than one controller for load balancing or redundancy purpose. In this case the controller can take any one of the following roles.  Master.  Slave.  Equal. 20
  • 21. OpenFlow Channel  Used to exchange OpenFlow message between switch and controller.  Switch can establish single or multiple connections to same or different controllers (auxiliary connections).  A controller configures and manages the switch, receives events from the switch, and send packets out the switch via this interface  The SC connection is a TLS/TCP connection. Switch and controller mutually authenticate by exchanging certificates signed by a site-specific private key 21
  • 22. OpenFlow Switch  Consists of one or more flow tables, group table and meter table.  A single switch can be managed by one or more controllers.  The flow tables and group table are used during the lookup or forwarding phase in order to forward the packet to appropriate port.  Meter table is used to perform simple QOS operations like rate-limiting to complex QOS operations like DiffServ etc 22
  • 23. Pipeline Processing 23 * Figure From OpenFlow Switch Specification
  • 24. Packet Flow in OpenFlow Switch 24 * Figure From OpenFlow Switch Specification
  • 25. Open Flow General Myth  SDN is Open Flow Reality  OpenFlow is an open API that provides a standard interface for programming the data plane switches 25
  • 27. SDN Definition Centralization of control of the network via the Separation of control logic to off- device compute, that Enables automation and orchestration of network services via Open programmatic interfaces SDN Benefits Efficiency: optimize existing applications, services, and infrastructure Scale: rapidly grow existing applications and services Innovation: create and deliver new types of applications and services and business models What is SDN? 27Source: Adopted from SDN Central (Software-Defined Networking (SDN) Use Cases)
  • 28. Need for SDN  Network Virtualization (Data Center & Cloud)– Use network resource without worrying about where it is physically located, how much it is, how it is organized, etc.  Orchestration (Cloud) - Automated arrangement, coordination, and management of complex computer systems, middleware, and services.  Programmable (Enterprise) - Should be able to change behavior on the fly.  Dynamic Scaling (Cloud) - Should be able to change size, quantity  Automation - To lower OpEx minimize manual involvement  Troubleshooting  Reduce downtime  Policy enforcement  Provisioning/Re-provisioning/Segmentation of resources 28Source: Adopted from Introduction to Software Defined Software Defined Networking (SDN) Networking (SDN) by Prof. Raj Jain
  • 29. Need for SDN (Contd..)  Visibility - Monitor resources, connectivity.  Performance - Optimize network device utilization  Traffic engineering/Bandwidth management  Capacity optimization  Load balancing  High utilization  Multi-tenancy (Data Center / Cloud)- Tenants need complete control over their addresses, topology, and routing, security  Service Integration (Enterprise)- Load balancers, firewalls, Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS), provisioned on demand and placed appropriately on the traffic path 29Source: Adopted from Introduction to Software Defined Software Defined Networking (SDN) Networking (SDN) by Prof. Raj Jain
  • 30. SDN Innovation & Components 30 SDN Controller/ Network Operating System App App App App OpenFlow Packet-Forwarding Hardware OpenFlow compliant OS Packet-Forwarding Hardware OpenFlow compliant OS Packet-Forwarding Hardware OpenFlow compliant OS Well-defined Open API Source: Adopted from SDN Central (Software-Defined Networking (SDN) Use Cases)
  • 31. SDN Central 31 SDN Approach
  • 32. SDN Central 32 Server Abstraction Vs SDN Abstraction
  • 33. SDN – Game changer? 33 • Complete removal of control plane may be harmful. Exact division of control plane between centralized controller and distributed forwarders is yet to be worked out. • SDN is easy if control plane is centralized but not necessary. Distributed solutions may be required for legacy equipment and for fail-safe operation. Source: Adopted from Introduction to Software Defined Software Defined Networking (SDN) Networking (SDN) by Prof. Raj Jain
  • 34. Key Attributes for SDN Success Architecture for a Networked Operating System with a service/application oriented namespace Resource virtualization, elasticity and aggregation (pooling to achieve scaling) Appropriate abstractions to foster simplification Decouple topology, traffic and inter-layer dependencies Dynamic multi-layer networking
  • 37. What is NFV?  Network Functions Virtualization (NFV) is a network architecture concept that proposes using IT virtualization related technologies, to virtualize entire classes of network node functions into building blocks that may be connected, or chained, together to create communication services.  Concept of NFV originated from SDN.  NFV and SDN are complementary. One does not depend upon the other. You can do SDN only, NFV only, or SDN and NFV together.  Specification comes from ETSI Industry Specification Group. 37
  • 38. Part III - Open Flow Applications 38 NFV vs SDN Source: Adopted from http://www.overturenetworks.com/blog/2013/04/12/network-function-virtualization-and-software-defined-networking-whats-difference
  • 39. 39 NFV Innovations Source: Adopted from SDN and NFV: Facts, Extensions, and Carrier Opportunities by Prof. Raj Jain
  • 40. 40 NFV Components Source: Adopted from SDN and NFV: Facts, Extensions, and Carrier Opportunities by Prof. Raj Jain
  • 41. 41 NFV Architecture Source: Adopted from SDN and NFV: Facts, Extensions, and Carrier Opportunities by Prof. Raj Jain
  • 42. Summary 42  NFV provides virtualization, orchestration, scaling, automation, hardware independence etc..  NFV and SDN are complementary and independent frameworks.  NFV doesn’t mandata control plane and Data plane separation and hence OpenFlow is not mandated in NFV.  Lot of Network function has been demonstrated by carriers already.
  • 43. References / Reading List  B. Martinussen (Cisco), “Introduction to Software Defined Networks (SDN),” April 2013, http://www.cisco.com/web/europe/ciscoconnect2013/pdf/DC_3_SDN.pdf  http://www.sdncentral.com/sdn-use-cases /  Open Data Center Alliance Usage Model: Software Defined Networking Rev 1.0,” http://www.opendatacenteralliance.org/docs/Software_Defined_Networking_Master_Usage_Model _Rev1.0.pdf  SDN and NFV: Facts, Extensions, and Carrier Opportunities by Prof. Raj Jain  OpenFlow Switch Specication V 1.4.  Software Defined Software Defined Networking (SDN) Networking (SDN) by Prof. Raj Jain  ETSI, “NFV - Update White Paper,” Oct 2013, http://portal.etsi.org/NFV/NFV_White_Paper2.pdf  ETSI, “Architectural Framework,” Oct 2013  ETSI, “NFV Use Cases,”  Intel, “Open simplified Networking Based on SDN and NFV,” 2013, 7 pp., http://www.intel.com/content/dam/www/public/us/en/documents/whitepapers/sdn-part-1- secured.pdf  SDN Central (Software-Defined Networking (SDN) Use Cases) 43

Editor's Notes

  1. Kasado
  2. Kasado