1. Uniting Germany
• Zollverein –
economic union
formed to enhance
trade between the
German states

3. • King Wilhelm I appointed Count Otto von
Bismarck as the chancellor of Prussia

4. King Wilhelm I

5. Count Otto von Bismarck

6. • Bismarck worked to unify Germany through
wars with and against Austria

7. • Leopold (from the Hohenzollern family) was
asked to be king of Spain, but France felt
threatened by this.
• French demanded that the Prussian king make
a promise that no member of the
Hohenzollern family would ever rule Spain.

8. Leopold von Hohenzollern

9. • Prussian king refused and sent report to
Bismarck.
• Bismarck changed the wording on the report
and published it.
• War was declared!
• The German states sided with Prussia against
France.
• German unification had been accomplished

10. Uniting Italy
• Giuseppe Mazzini formed
a group called Young Italy
to work to unify Italy

11. • Count Camillo de Cavour was the prime
minister of the Kingdom of Sardinia

12. • Sent troops to support Britain and France in
wars against Russia
• Really just symbolic, but used this later for
leverage

13. • Giuseppi Garibaldi formed an army known as
the “Red Shirts” and conquered the island of
Sicily.

14. Giuseppi Garibaldi

15. • Cavour convinced Garibaldi to turn his
conquered territory over to Victor Emmanuel
II, the King of Sardinia

16. • They formed the kingdom of Italy and named
Victor Emmanuel II as the first king.