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Copyright Clarity
& Fair Use for Digital Learning

                      Kristin Hokanson
CONTEXT & HERITAGE

     Visual Literacy
  Information Literacy
     Media Literacy
  Technology Literacy
     Internet Safety
   Digital Citizenship
     News Literacy
Digital and Media Literacy
                                       REFLECT




    ACCESS

ANALYZE
                 CREATE


                           ACT
Image: 'fuzzy copyright'
www.flickr.com/photos/58764797@N00/1384247192
To promote creativity,
innovation and the spread of
knowledge

                 Article 1 Section 8
                 U.S. Constitution, 1787
The Result
Copyright Confusion
Copyright Law Balances Rights of
           Owners and Users




OWNERS                       USERS
What do kids understand about...
• Copyright
• Exemption (Fair Use)
• Public Domain
• Creative Commons
How do teachers cope?
See no Evil   Close the Door   Hyper-Comply
It’s time to
replace old
knowledge

with
accurate
knowledge
The Doctrine of Fair Use




                       --Section 107
                  Copyright Act of 1976
The Doctrine of Fair Use
                   Criticism, comment, news
                        reporting, teaching, scholarship,
                                    research


                           … but also many forms of
                         creative work that advance and
                               spread innovation




                        --Section 107
                   Copyright Act of 1976
The Doctrine of Fair Use



 Fair use of copyrighted materials is               Fair use prevents
 allowed when the benefits to society          copyright law from becoming
     outweigh the private costs                         a form of
       to the copyright holder                      private censorship



                                        --Section 107
                             Copyright Act of 1976
The effective use of copyrighted
materials enhances the teaching
     and learning process.
Context & Situation
Is this Use of Copyrighted Materials
               a Fair Use?

•Did the unlicensed use “transform” the material taken from the
copyrighted work by using it for a different purpose than that of the
original, or did it just repeat the work for the same intent and value as the
original? 

•Was the material taken appropriate in kind and amount, considering the
nature of the copyrighted work and of the use?
Bill Graham Archives vs. Dorling Kindersley, Ltd.
                     (2006)
An Example of Transformative Use

          The purpose of the original: to
           generate publicity for a concert
Range of comfort with use of
   Copyrighted materials
 See no Evil   Close the Door   Hyper-Comply
Educational Fair Use Guidelines
The effective use of copyrighted
materials enhances the teaching
     and learning process.
Does following “rules” for
       Educational Guidelines
     require students to think
         critically about the
Copyrighted materials they are using?
Does following “rules” for
       Educational Guidelines
     require students to think
         critically about the
Copyrighted materials they are using?
Excerpts from:
    http://www.ted.com/talks/larry_lessig_says_the_law_is_strangling_creativity.html
    http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TPAO-lZ4_hU An anthropological introduction to YouTube
Creative Commons
We need to rethink a few
          things...
“We’re changing what it would mean to be a
creator just at the time that technology is
enabling anybody to be a creator. So, just when
it matters most, the law steps in and destroys
the opportunity...”

                       — Prof. Lawrence Lessig
Does requiring students to use
 ONLY Creative Commons content
     require students to think
        critically about the
Copyrighted materials they are using?
Does requiring students to use
 ONLY Creative Commons content
     require students to think
        critically about the
Copyrighted materials they are using?
Codes of Best Practices
http://mediaeducationlab.com/video-overview
Context & Situation
•A team of elementary educators
 shows the Disney movie The Little
 Mermaid to three classes of Grade 3
 students on the day before winter
 break in the school auditorium.
Fair Use Reasoning tells me...

• Claim Fair Use
• Ask permission
• Buy a License
• Use another Copyright Friendly source
Discuss
Practice exercising your
                Fair Use Muscles...

•Did the unlicensed use “transform” the material taken from the
copyrighted work by using it for a different purpose than that of the
original, or did it just repeat the work for the same intent and value as the
original? 

•Was the material taken appropriate in kind and amount, considering the
nature of the copyrighted work and of the use?
Fair Use Reasoning tells me...

• Claim Fair Use
• Ask permission
• Buy a License
• Use another Copyright Friendly source
Teach kids to reason
 http://copyrightconfusion.wikispaces.com
Other Resources
 http://mediaeducationlab.com
Video Case Studies
             Elementary School Case Study:
             P.S. 124 The Silas B. Dutcher School
             Brooklyn, NY




             High School Case Study:
             Upper Merion Area High School
             King of Prussia, PA




             College Case Study:
             Project Look Sharp at Ithaca College
             Ithaca, NY
Other Examples?
Evaluation Code

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Copyright Clarity PETE&C 2011

  • 1. Copyright Clarity & Fair Use for Digital Learning Kristin Hokanson
  • 2. CONTEXT & HERITAGE Visual Literacy Information Literacy Media Literacy Technology Literacy Internet Safety Digital Citizenship News Literacy
  • 3. Digital and Media Literacy REFLECT ACCESS ANALYZE CREATE ACT
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  • 6. To promote creativity, innovation and the spread of knowledge Article 1 Section 8 U.S. Constitution, 1787
  • 8. Copyright Law Balances Rights of Owners and Users OWNERS USERS
  • 9. What do kids understand about... • Copyright • Exemption (Fair Use) • Public Domain • Creative Commons
  • 10. How do teachers cope? See no Evil Close the Door Hyper-Comply
  • 11. It’s time to replace old knowledge with accurate knowledge
  • 12. The Doctrine of Fair Use --Section 107 Copyright Act of 1976
  • 13. The Doctrine of Fair Use Criticism, comment, news reporting, teaching, scholarship, research … but also many forms of creative work that advance and spread innovation --Section 107 Copyright Act of 1976
  • 14. The Doctrine of Fair Use Fair use of copyrighted materials is Fair use prevents allowed when the benefits to society copyright law from becoming outweigh the private costs a form of to the copyright holder private censorship --Section 107 Copyright Act of 1976
  • 15. The effective use of copyrighted materials enhances the teaching and learning process.
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  • 18. Is this Use of Copyrighted Materials a Fair Use? •Did the unlicensed use “transform” the material taken from the copyrighted work by using it for a different purpose than that of the original, or did it just repeat the work for the same intent and value as the original?  •Was the material taken appropriate in kind and amount, considering the nature of the copyrighted work and of the use?
  • 19. Bill Graham Archives vs. Dorling Kindersley, Ltd. (2006)
  • 20. An Example of Transformative Use The purpose of the original: to generate publicity for a concert
  • 21. Range of comfort with use of Copyrighted materials See no Evil Close the Door Hyper-Comply
  • 22. Educational Fair Use Guidelines
  • 23. The effective use of copyrighted materials enhances the teaching and learning process.
  • 24. Does following “rules” for Educational Guidelines require students to think critically about the Copyrighted materials they are using?
  • 25. Does following “rules” for Educational Guidelines require students to think critically about the Copyrighted materials they are using?
  • 26. Excerpts from: http://www.ted.com/talks/larry_lessig_says_the_law_is_strangling_creativity.html http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TPAO-lZ4_hU An anthropological introduction to YouTube
  • 28. We need to rethink a few things... “We’re changing what it would mean to be a creator just at the time that technology is enabling anybody to be a creator. So, just when it matters most, the law steps in and destroys the opportunity...” — Prof. Lawrence Lessig
  • 29. Does requiring students to use ONLY Creative Commons content require students to think critically about the Copyrighted materials they are using?
  • 30. Does requiring students to use ONLY Creative Commons content require students to think critically about the Copyrighted materials they are using?
  • 31. Codes of Best Practices
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  • 34. Context & Situation •A team of elementary educators shows the Disney movie The Little Mermaid to three classes of Grade 3 students on the day before winter break in the school auditorium.
  • 35. Fair Use Reasoning tells me... • Claim Fair Use • Ask permission • Buy a License • Use another Copyright Friendly source
  • 37. Practice exercising your Fair Use Muscles... •Did the unlicensed use “transform” the material taken from the copyrighted work by using it for a different purpose than that of the original, or did it just repeat the work for the same intent and value as the original?  •Was the material taken appropriate in kind and amount, considering the nature of the copyrighted work and of the use?
  • 38. Fair Use Reasoning tells me... • Claim Fair Use • Ask permission • Buy a License • Use another Copyright Friendly source
  • 39. Teach kids to reason http://copyrightconfusion.wikispaces.com
  • 41. Video Case Studies Elementary School Case Study: P.S. 124 The Silas B. Dutcher School Brooklyn, NY High School Case Study: Upper Merion Area High School King of Prussia, PA College Case Study: Project Look Sharp at Ithaca College Ithaca, NY
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