e

2.  2nd stage-autonomy versus
shame and doubt
 12-18 mos. – 3 years

3.  Self-control where a toddler
seeks to do their own will
 Wants to be more
independent
 Feeling of being able to do
tasks without help
 Do not do for them what
they can do for themselves

4.  Everything is about them
 How they look, what
belongs to them,
what they can or cannot do
 Become aware of others’
feelings toward them
 Aware they can affect
others
 Autonomy achieved leads
to self-pride
 No autonomy leads to
shame and doubt

5.  Set realistic limits
 Give choices
 Keep toddler safe
 Stay calm when child reacts with anger

6.  Can sense emotions in
others
 Great imagination
 Fear of dark, strangers, etc.
 Have trouble separating
reality from fantasy
 Affection
 Express it by nearness

7.  Animals, darkness,
nightmares, bad people
 Act out fear through play
 Don’t tease them about
their fears
 Don’t push them into scary
situations
 Boys-greater variety
 Girls – greater reaction

8.  Over 2 yrs. old, less than 2 hours of TV a day
 Give them skills to control situations
 Turn on light when afraid of dark
 Set a good example

10.  Nightmares begin around 2
 Help them separate reality
from fantasy

11.  Temper tantrums
 Meant to attract attention
 Not directed at anyone
until age 3
 Common triggers for
tantrums
 Being overly tired
 Disruption in normal
routine
 Too much excitement or
activity
 Frustration: too many
restrictions and too few
choices
 Lack of firm, realistic
limits

12.  Respond immediately
 Remain calm
 Screaming is ineffective
 Spanking makes more
angry
 Help child to deal with
anger and frustration and to
express it in an acceptable
way.