M4M 2 the Rescue of M2M - Eclipse DemoCamps Fall 2013

M4M 2 the Rescue of M2M
Standards for
The Internet of
Things
Werner Keil
Eclipse DemoCamp Stuttgart
6th December 2013

Overview
• Introduction
• Sensors and Measurement
• Historic IT Errors and Bugs
• UOMo, Unit-API, UCUM

• Demo
• M2M
• Sensor Web, SensorML
• Use Cases, Framework, Protocols, Tools

• Embedded Standards
• Embedded Java Standards, Other Trends

• Q&A

2

© 2007-2013 Creative Arts & Technologies

Who am I?
Werner Keil

Twitter @wernerkeil

• Consultant – Coach
• Creative Cosmopolitan

• Open Source Evangelist
• Software Architect
• Java Godfather
• UOMo Project Lead
• ETCS Guy
…
Email werner@catmedia.us

3


Let the Games begin

4


Images © Copyright 2007 Cyberslayer

Measure for Measure
Mistaking a
Pirate…

5


Images © Copyright 2011 Getty Images

Measure for Measure
For a hero
of the story...

6


Images © Copyright 2012 The Old Globe, San Diego CA

Measure for Measure
Mistaking a
Duke…

7


Measure for Measure
For a
friar...

8


Images based on poster created for the Oregon Shakespeare Festival © 2011 by Jeff Rauch

Type-Safety
• Java does not have strongly typed base types
(like e.g. Ada or Smalltalk).
• This could change around Java 10 or 11
(based on Oracle Road Map and statements)

• For performance reasons most developer prefer
primitive types over objects in their interface.
• Primitive type arguments can more easily lead to
name clashes (methods with the same signature)
or other problems (“Auto-Boxing”,…)
9


What do these disasters have in common?
• Patriot Missile
The cause was an inaccurate calculation of the time since boot due to a
computer arithmetic error.

• Ariane 5 Explosion
Floating point number which a value was converted from had a value
greater than what would be represented by a 16 bit signed integer.

• Gimli Glider (near disaster)
Fuel loading was miscalculated through misunderstanding of the recently
adopted Metric System, replacing the Imperial System in Canada

10


What do these disasters have in common?
• Mars Orbiter
Preliminary findings indicate that one team used US/English units
(e.g. inches, feet and pounds) while the other used metric units for
a key spacecraft operation.
• NASA lost a $125 million Mars orbiter because a Lockheed Martin engineering team
used English units of measurement while the agency's team used the more
conventional metric system for a key spacecraft operation
• A credible source disclosed, there was a manual step with an outsourced person to
convert these calculations between the different teams, and NASA budget cuts caused
them to fire him and have the wrong, unpatched data transmitted!!!

• This also underlines the added risk when 3rd party contractors are involved or projects
are developed Offshore

11


NASA “Star Wars” Initiative, 1983
23rd March 1983. Ronald Reagan
announces SDI (or “Star Wars”): groundbased and space-based systems to
protect the US from attack by strategic
nuclear ballistic missiles.

12


1985

Mirror on underside of
shuttle

Big mountain in Hawaii

13


SDI Experiment:
The Plan

1985

SDI Experiment:
What really
happened

14


1985: Why it happened?

15


Unit Tests wouldn„t find these…
Despite their name
• All previous examples illustrate three categories of
errors difficult to find through Unit Testing:
• Interface Errors (e.g. millisecond/second, radian/degree, meters/feet).
• Arithmetic Errors (e.g. overflow).
• Conversion Errors.

16


Images © Copyright, American Shakespeare Center

Causes of Conversion Errors
• Ambiguity on the unit
• Gallon Dry / Gallon Liquid - Gallon US / Gallon UK
• Day Sidereal / Day Calendar
• Foot in various regions, at least historically, see:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_obsolete_units_of_measurement#Fu.C3.
9F_.28foot.29
• Degree Celsius / Degree Fahrenheit
• Did you know that Gabriel Fahrenheit was born in Gdansk (Danzig) in northern
Poland?

• …

• Wrong conversion factors:
static final double PIXEL_TO_INCH = 1 / 72;
double pixels = inches * PIXEL_TO_INCH
17


What else do they have in common?

ALL OF THEM HAPPENED IN
MOBILE, REAL TIME OR
EMBEDDED SYSTEMS!

18


OSGi
Measurement Package
• Namespace: org.osgi.util.measurement
• SI only Unit API “in the closet”
• Unit
Essentially an SI singleton holding relevant unit constants, too.
• Measurement
Represents a value with an error, a unit and a time-stamp.
• State
Groups a state name, value and timestamp.

• Some usage, e.g. by Automotive
► no further development by OSGi
19


JSR-256
Mobile Sensor API
• Namespace: javax.microediton.sensor*
• Focusing on Sensors, but it got a minimalistic Unit API “in
the closet”
• Unit
Essentially an SI singleton holding relevant unit constants, too.
JavaDoc: http://pandora.la/java/javadocs/sensor/javax/microedition/sensor/Unit.html
• ChannelInfo
Holding name, accuracy, data type,measurement ranges, scale and unit
• MeasurementRange
Range of possible values from minimum to maximum

► Dead Meat (few actual handsets and no vendors

except Nokia still use it, nor does Java ME Embedded)
20


JSR-275
Units Specification
• Namespace: javax.measure.*
• Only one interface and one abstract class
• public interface Measurable<Q extends Quantity>
• public abstract class Measure<V, Q extends Quantity>

• Three sub-packages
• quantity (holds dimensions mass, length)
• unit (holds the SI and NonSI units)

• converter (holds unit converters)
21


JSR-275
Users and popular Downstream Projects
• JScience
• Groovy/Grails
• DSLs e.g. for Healthcare

• GeoAPI (OGC standard) and implementations, e.g.
• uDig (see slide 32)

• Parfait
• Java Monitoring, part of Performance Co-Pilot (PCP)

•…
22


The King is Dead… Walking
Units of Measurement API
• Namespace: org.unitsofmeasurement.*
• Only interfaces (and exception classes)
• public interface Quantity<Q extends Quantity<Q>>
• public interface Unit<Q extends Quantity<Q>>

• Three sub-packages
• quantity (holds dimensions mass, length,...)
• unit (holds units)

• service (holds services)
23


Eclipse UOMo
One Small Step…

Eclipse UOMo
One Unit Framework to Measure them All
• Namespace: org.eclipse.uomo.*
• Two main areas
• Static Type Safe Units of Measure Support
• Based on Units of Measurement API
• On top of ICU4J, the Globalization standard at Eclipse and
others (Android, GWT, Google Financial, etc.)

• Prime UCUM Implementation
• Successor to Eclipse OHF UCUM Bundle
25


UOMo UCUM
Unified Code for Units of Measure
The Unified Code for Units of Measure is inspired by
and heavily based on
• ISO 2955-1983
• ANSI X3.50-1986
• HL7's extensions called ISO+

26


UOMo Business
JSR 354 Implementation
“Sisu” equivalent for 354 if you want

• ICU4J based implementation
of types like
• CurrencyUnit
• MonetaryAmount

• CurrencyConverter
• ExchangeRate
•

…

• Bridge to Unit-API where possible for cross-quantity
arithmetic (e.g. “$ per gram CO² per mile”)
27


Sensor Web |

What is it?

“A coordinated observation infrastructure composed of a distributed collection of
resources that can collectively behave as a single, autonomous, task-able,
dynamically adaptive and reconfigurable observing system that provides raw and
processed data, along with associated meta-data, via a set of standards-based
service-oriented interfaces.” (Glenn, 2007)
29


Sensor Web | OpenGIS Standards
• SW Enablement working group at OGC have
developed a number of standards governing
different aspects of Sensor Web
OGC O&M

Approved

SensorML

Sensor Model Language

Approved

TransducerML

Transducer Model Language

Approved

OGC SOS

Sensor Observations Service

Approved

OGC SPS

Sensor Planning Service

Approved

OGC SAS

Sensor Alert Service

In progress

OGC WNS

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Observations & Measurements

Web Notification Services

In progress


Sensor Web | LocationTech
• uDig is a desktop
application
framework,
built with Eclipse
Rich Client (RCP)
• Internet: supporting
standards (WMS, WFS,
WCS, KML) …

• GIS: framework for
spatial data exploration
and analysis
• Based on JSR-275
http://locationtech.org/projects/technology.udig
31

© 2006-2013 Creative Arts & Technologies , Eclipse Foundation, Inc. Made available under the Eclipse Public License 1.0

Sensor Web | Mozambique floods
• The task under study is floods in different parts of
the world
• Particular test case was flooding of Mozambique

32


SensorML
• Sensor modeling language is the cornerstone of
all SW services
• It provides comprehensive description of sensor
parameters and capabilities
• It can be used for describing different kind of
sensors:
– Stationary or dynamic
– Remote or in-situ

– Physical measurements or simulations
33


SensorML | Example
..............
<inputs>
<InputList>
<input name="ambiantTemperature">
<swe:Quantity definition=
"urn:ogc:def:phenomenon:temperature"/>
</input>
<input name="atmosphericPressure">
"urn:ogc:def:phenomenon:pressure"/>
</input>
<input name="windSpeed">
"urn:ogc:def:phenomenon:windSpeed"/>
</input>
</InputList>
</inputs>
..............

34


.............
<outputs>
<OutputList>
<output name="weatherMeasurements">
<swe:DataGroup>
<swe:component name="time">
<swe:Time
definition="urn:ogc:def:phenomenon:time“
uom="urn:ogc:def:unit:iso8601"/>
</swe:component>
<swe:component name="temperature">
<swe:Quantity
definition="urn:ogc:def:phenomenon:temperature
uom="urn:ogc:def:unit:celsius"/>
</swe:component>
<swe:component name="barometricPressure">
<swe:Quantity
definition="urn:ogc:def:phenomenon:pressure“
uom="urn:ogc:def:unit:bar" scale="1e-3"/>
</swe:component>
<swe:component name="windSpeed">
<swe:Quantity
definition="urn:ogc:def:phenomenon:windSpeed“
uom="urn:ogc:def:unit:meterPerSecond"/>
</swe:component>
</swe:DataGroup>
</output>
</OutputList>
</outputs>
.............

M2M | Integrated Processes
Public/Private Cloud Deployment Infrastructures
Logistics

Transportation & Logistics

Security & Surveillance

Internet
of Things

Communication

Medical &

Infrastructure

Healthcare

35

© 2007-2013 Creative Arts & Technologies Eclipse Foundation, Inc. Made available under the Eclipse Public License 1.0,

Industrial &
Energy

M2M | Smart Container
RFID e-Seal Example

• Barrier-type bolt seal

• RFID: ID-number + integrity
• Bar code
• Battery 1 year transmitting
• 50 cycles
• Range up to 50 meters
• 915 MHz + 2.4 GHz
• Data transmission rate 500 kbps
• Storage 64 bytes
36

© 2005-2012 Creative Arts & Technologies, Prof. Jens Froese – TU Hamburg-Harburg

M2M | MQTT
Publish Subscribe Messaging

A Publish Subscribe messaging protocol allowing a message to be published once and multiple consumers
(applications / devices) to receive the message providing decoupling between the producer and consumer(s)
A producer sends (publishes) a message (publication) on a topic (subject)
A consumer subscribes (makes a subscription) for messages on a topic (subject)
A message server / broker matches publications to subscriptions
• If no matches the message is discarded
• If one or more matches the message is delivered to each matching subscriber/consumer

37

© 2007-2013 Creative Arts & Technologies, Eclipse Foundation, Inc. Made available under the Eclipse Public License 1.0

Embedded Standards | JSR-360, 361
• 2 new JSRs for Mobile and Embedded
• JSR-360: CLDC 8
•

CLDC 8 is an evolutionary update to CLDC 1.1.1 to bring
the VM, Java Language, and libraries up to date
with Java SE 8.

•

More: http://java.net/projects/jsr360/pages/Home

• JSR-361: Java ME Embedded Profile
•
•

38

Update IMP(-NG) to align with state-of-the-art features and current
embedded device market requirements.
More: http://java.net/projects/jsr361/pages/Home


Other Trends for Sensors | Measurement
• Xively
• Language bindings for Java/Android, Python or Ruby contain support for Units of
Measurement Website: http://www.xively.com

• OpenXC
• Feels quite a bit like a modernized OSGi Measurement bundle. Offering only SI
units by default, but a more sophisticated Unit and Quantity concept somewhat
similar and clearly inspired by Unit-API / JSR-275
• Website: http://openxcplatform.com/

• ► Without proper security, Connected Car hacks like that on
Tesla pose a great risk to this and all other critical sectors (Health, Avionics,...)

• CSS 3
• Mostly UI/rendering, but promises almost UCUM-like arithmetic and quantitychecking See: http://www.w3.org/TR/css3-values/
40


Links
Eclipse – Project UOMo
http://www.eclipse.org/uomo/

Units of Measurement API
http://www.unitsofmeasurement.org
UCUM
http://www.unitsofmeasure.org

Links (2)
Eclipse – M2M IWG
http://m2m.eclipse.org

Open Geospatial Consortium
http://www.opengeospatial.org
Java Community Process
http://www.jcp.org

Contact
werner@catmedia.us
or

uomo@catmedia.us

Twitter: @wernerkeil
Hashtag #EclipseUOMo

M4M 2 the Rescue of M2M - Eclipse DemoCamps Fall 2013

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