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An analysis of famine caused by
       political policies
   Potatoes were staple crop of the poor
   Blight wiped out large amounts of the crop
    from 1845-1848
   British Parliament was slow to react to the loss
    of the food staple
   Exports of corn and livestock continued during
    this time despite the widespread starvation
   British policies caused the landlords to evict
    large numbers of Irish poor tenants from their
    land exacerbating the problem
   British relief programs were short lived or
    ineffective and politically unpopular
   Resulted in the deaths of 1.1-1.5 million Irish
   Also resulted in drastically higher emigration
    rates
   Period of extreme hunger from 1931-33 due to
    government policies
   Experts divided on cause
       Partially socioeconomic – policies of industrial
        expansion, shift from traditional
        crops, redistribution of all farmers crops
       Holodomor or “terror by famine”- active
        propagation of hunger by authorities to prevent
        social revolution
   Socioeconomic factors
     Collectivization-combining villages into large “collective
      farms”
     Redirection of crop land from grain to sugar
      beets, cotton, and other crops
     Procurement policy required all farms to provide large
      amounts of harvest to the government
   Holodomor
     All food declared state property-youth organizations
      were enforcers
     Elimination of wealthy or uncooperative peasants
   Estimated population loss of 6-7 million
   Severe malnutrition-even reports of cannibalism
   Severe reduction in food production in China
    from 1958-61
   Collectivization of farming into communes at
    beginning of period
   Shift to unsuccessful agricultural techniques
   Forced shift of farmers to iron and steel
    production
   Continued export of grain despite widespread
    famine
   Occurred on top of several natural disasters
    that affected crop production
   Death toll estimates vary wildly; estimates
    range anywhere from 15 million to 36 million
   Estimates of total population loss are as high as
    76 million
   Severe hunger-Reports of
    cannibalism, consumption of tree bark
   All three famines caused by government
    policies
   Rights-citizens have a right to access to the
    food the produce
       All three famines partially caused by government
        appropriating food produced by starving for other
        uses
   Categorical imperative-People should not be
    treated as a means to an end
       Irish grain production exported for profit of British
        landowners
       Ukrainian grain production appropriated for urban
        areas
       Chinese exported grain while citizens starved
   Gray, Peter. 2006. Famine and Land in Ireland
    and India, 1845-1880: James Caird and the
    Political Economy of Hunger. The Historical
    Journal 49:1, pp. 193-215. Retrieved February
    28, 2013 http://www.jstor.org/stable/4091745
   Donnelly, Jim (BBC). February 2011. The Irish
    Famine. Retrieved February 28, 2013.
    http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/victori
    ans/famine_01.shtml
   Lim, Louisa (NPR). November 2012. A Grim
    Chronicle Of China's Great Famine. Retrieved
    February 28, 2013.
    http://www.npr.org/2012/11/10/164732497/a-
    grim-chronicle-of-chinas-great-famine
   Grada, Cormac. 2008. The ripple that drowns?
    Twentieth-century famines in China and India as
    economic history. The Economic History Review
    61:s1 pp 5-37
    http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com.proxy.lib.iastate.ed
    u/doi/10.1111/j.1468-0289.2008.00435.x/pdf
   Fawkes, Helen (BBC). November 2006. Legacy
    of famine divides Ukraine. Retrieved February
    28, 2013
    http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/6179818.
    stm
   Kulchytsky, Stanislav (Kiev Day). February
    2007. Holodomor of 1932-33 as genocide: gaps
    in evidential basis. Retrieved February 28, 2013
    http://www.day.kiev.ua/en/article/day-
    after-day/holodomor-1932-33-genocide-gaps-
    evidential-basis

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State Sponsored Starvation

  • 1. An analysis of famine caused by political policies
  • 2. Potatoes were staple crop of the poor  Blight wiped out large amounts of the crop from 1845-1848  British Parliament was slow to react to the loss of the food staple  Exports of corn and livestock continued during this time despite the widespread starvation
  • 3. British policies caused the landlords to evict large numbers of Irish poor tenants from their land exacerbating the problem  British relief programs were short lived or ineffective and politically unpopular  Resulted in the deaths of 1.1-1.5 million Irish  Also resulted in drastically higher emigration rates
  • 4. Period of extreme hunger from 1931-33 due to government policies  Experts divided on cause  Partially socioeconomic – policies of industrial expansion, shift from traditional crops, redistribution of all farmers crops  Holodomor or “terror by famine”- active propagation of hunger by authorities to prevent social revolution
  • 5. Socioeconomic factors  Collectivization-combining villages into large “collective farms”  Redirection of crop land from grain to sugar beets, cotton, and other crops  Procurement policy required all farms to provide large amounts of harvest to the government  Holodomor  All food declared state property-youth organizations were enforcers  Elimination of wealthy or uncooperative peasants  Estimated population loss of 6-7 million  Severe malnutrition-even reports of cannibalism
  • 6. Severe reduction in food production in China from 1958-61  Collectivization of farming into communes at beginning of period  Shift to unsuccessful agricultural techniques  Forced shift of farmers to iron and steel production  Continued export of grain despite widespread famine
  • 7. Occurred on top of several natural disasters that affected crop production  Death toll estimates vary wildly; estimates range anywhere from 15 million to 36 million  Estimates of total population loss are as high as 76 million  Severe hunger-Reports of cannibalism, consumption of tree bark
  • 8. All three famines caused by government policies  Rights-citizens have a right to access to the food the produce  All three famines partially caused by government appropriating food produced by starving for other uses
  • 9. Categorical imperative-People should not be treated as a means to an end  Irish grain production exported for profit of British landowners  Ukrainian grain production appropriated for urban areas  Chinese exported grain while citizens starved
  • 10. Gray, Peter. 2006. Famine and Land in Ireland and India, 1845-1880: James Caird and the Political Economy of Hunger. The Historical Journal 49:1, pp. 193-215. Retrieved February 28, 2013 http://www.jstor.org/stable/4091745  Donnelly, Jim (BBC). February 2011. The Irish Famine. Retrieved February 28, 2013. http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/victori ans/famine_01.shtml
  • 11. Lim, Louisa (NPR). November 2012. A Grim Chronicle Of China's Great Famine. Retrieved February 28, 2013. http://www.npr.org/2012/11/10/164732497/a- grim-chronicle-of-chinas-great-famine  Grada, Cormac. 2008. The ripple that drowns? Twentieth-century famines in China and India as economic history. The Economic History Review 61:s1 pp 5-37 http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com.proxy.lib.iastate.ed u/doi/10.1111/j.1468-0289.2008.00435.x/pdf
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