During middle childhood, children experience significant physical growth and development. On average, children grow 2-3 inches per year and gain 5-7 pounds. Their bodies become more muscular and strong. About 10-15% of children are overweight or obese, which can negatively impact both physical and mental health. Children also develop fine motor skills needed for tasks like writing and tying shoes. Psychologically, around 20% of children experience disorders like depression or anxiety, though treatments are still debated. Many children also have special needs involving vision, hearing, speech, learning, or attention.

1. Chapter 4: Middle Childhood Module 4.1 Physical Development in Middle Childhood