MongoDB is a scalable, high-performance, open-source document database that provides dynamic queries and indexing. It aims to provide the power of relational databases with the scalability and flexibility of non-relational databases. Key features include ease of use, scaling capabilities, dynamic queries similar to SQL, and speed comparable to key-value stores while supporting rich querying like relational databases.

1. MongoDB
Kristina Chodorow
September 8th, 2009

2. Who am I?
• Software Engineer at 10gen
• Java, Perl, PHP, drivers

4. Technique #1:
literally scale

5. Technique #1:
literally scale
(Courtesy of Ask Bjorn Hansen)
$3,200 x 1250 = $4,000,000

6. Technique #2: shard
now-yesterday yesterday- the day before-
the day before the day before that

7. Technique #3: master-slave replication
R
W
W
R/W?
W
R

8. Key/Value Stores
• Project Voldemort
• Tokyo Cabinet
Graph DBs
Fewer More
Document-oriented DBs Relational DBs
• MongoDB Cassandra
• CouchDB

9. MongoDB

10. MongoDB
• Ease of use
• Scalable
• Dynamic queries - similar “feel” to SQL
• Speed of key/value stores (almost)
• Power of RDBMSs (almost)

12. Downloading MongoDB
www.mongodb.org
Binaries available for Linux, Mac,
Windows, Solaris

13. The Venerable Java Driver
Available at Github:
www.github.com/mongodb/mongo-java-driver/downloads
JavaScript: { x : y, z : w }
Java: BasicDBObjectBuilder.start().add("x",
"y").add("z", "w").get()

14. Connecting to the Database
Mongo connection = new Mongo(“blog”);
DBCollection collection =
connection.getCollection(“posts”);

15. Inserting
collection.insert({
title : 'My first blog post',
author : 'Joe',
content : 'Hello, world!',
comments : []
});

16. Creating a User
DBObject post = BasicDBObjectBuilder.start()
.add("title", "My First Blog Post")
.add("username", "Joe")
.add("content", "Hello, world!")
.add("comments", new ArrayList())
.get();
collection.insert(post);

17. MongoDB::OID
an autogenerated primary key
collection.insert(post);
System.out.println(post.get("_id"));
--------------------------------------------
4a9700dba5f9107c5cbc9a9c

18. Updating
collection.update({_id : post._id},
{$push : {comments :
{
author => 'Fred',
comment => 'Dumb post.'
}
}});
{
title : 'My first blog post',
author : 'Joe',
content : 'Hello, world!',
comments :
[{author : 'Fred', comment : 'Dumb post.'}]
}

19. Updating
DBObject postId = BasicDBObjectBuilder.start()
.add("_id", post.get("_id")).get();
DBObject comment = BasicDBObjectBuilder.start()
.add("author", "Fred")
.add("comment", "Dumb post.").get();
DBObject addComment = new BasicDBObject(
"$push",
new BasicDBObject("comments", comment));
collection.update(joeId, addComment);

20. Magic $
$gt, $gte, $lt, $lte, $eq, $neq, $exists,
$set, $mod, $where, $in, $nin, $inc
$push, $pull, $pop, $pushAll, $popAll
collection.find({ x : {$gt : 4}})

21. Querying
commentsByFred = collection.find({
"comments.author" : "Fred"
});
commentsByFred = collection.find({
"comments.author" : /fred/i
});

22. Querying
Pattern fredPattern = Pattern
.compile("fred", CASE_INSENSITIVE);
DBObject fredQuery = BasicDBObject.start()
.add("comments.author", fredPattern)
.get();

23. $where
collection.find({$where :
'this.y == (this.x + this.z)'});
Will work:
{x : 1, y : 4, z : 3}
{x : "hi", y : "hibye", z : "bye"}
Won’t work:
{x : 1, y : 1}

24. Optimizing $where
collection.find({
name : Sally,
age : { $gt : 18},
$where : 'Array.sort(this.interests)[2]
== "volleyball"'})

25. Speaking of indexing…
collection.ensureIndex({age : 1});
collection.ensureIndex({
"name" : 1,
"ts" : -1,
"comments.author" : 1
});

26. Cursors
DBCursor cursor = collection.find(criteria);
while (cursor.hasNext()) {
DBObject obj = cursor.next();
...
}

27. Paging
DBObject sort = BasicDBObjectBuilder.start()
.add("ts", -1)
.get();
DBCursor cursor = coll.find()
.sort(sort)
.skip(pageNum * resultsPerPage)
.limit(resultsPerPage);
List<DBObject> page = cursor.toArray();

28. Twitter Schema
user = {
_id : ObjectId
username : String,
following : []
}
tweet = {
_id : ObjectId
userId : ObjectId,
msg : String,
ts: Date
}

29. Following
db.users.update({_id : joe._id}, {$push : {
following : fred._id
}});
{
_id : "a3845e28c36e22e578bb243f",
username : "joe",
following : ["2e893d7a458c271ba2e0349e"]
}

30. Finding Followers
db.users.find({$in : {following : joe._id}},
{username : 1});
Alice
Bob
Fred
...

31. Storing Files
4 megabytes

32. Storing Files

33. Storing Files

34. Storing Files
ObjectId fileId = new ObjectId();
fileObj = {
_id : fileId,
filename : "ggbridge.png",
user : "joe",
takenIn : "San Francisco"
}
chunkObj = {
fileId : fileId,
chunkNum : N
}

35. Storing Files
import com.mongodb.gridfs.*;
GridFS fs = new GridFS(connection);
GridFSFile file = fs.createFile(filename);
file.put("user", "Joe");
...
fs.save(file);

36. Retrieving Files
GridFSFile file = fs.findOne();
file.writeTo("myfile.png");

37. Logging
• insert/update/remove is fast
• Capped collections
• Upserts
• $inc for counts

38. Thank you!
kristina@10gen.com
@kchodorow
@mongodb
irc.freenode.net#mongodb
www.mongodb.org