George Kennan, NATO, Warsaw, Korean War, etc.

1. The Cold War [1945-1991]:
An Ideological Struggle
Soviet &
Eastern Bloc
Nations
[“Iron Curtain”]
US & the
Western
Democracies
GOAL  spread world-
wide Communism
GOAL  “Containment”
of Communism & the
eventual collapse of the
Communist world.
[George Kennan]METHODOLOGIES:
1. Espionage [KGB vs. CIA]
2. Arms Race [nuclear escalation]
3. Ideological Competition for the minds and hearts
of Third World peoples [Communist govt. &
command economy vs. democratic govt. & capitalist
economy]  “proxy wars”
4. Bi-Polarization of Europe [NATO vs. Warsaw Pact]

3. The Division of Berlin

4. The Bipolarization of Europe

5. George Kennan: CONTAINMENT
Goals Means Actual Application
1.Restoration
of the balance
of power
2.Reduction of
Soviet ability
to project
outside power.
Encouragement
of self-
confidence in
nations
threatened by
Soviet expansion.
Exploitation of
tensions in
international
communism.
Long-term
program of U.S.
economic
assistance
[Marshall Plan]
Cooperation with
communist regimes;
[supporting Titoism
in Yugoslavia]

7. 3.Modification
of the Soviet
concept of
international
relations.
Negotiating
settlement of
outstanding
differences.
Using “carrots &
sticks’ (rewards
& punishments to
induce behavior);
containing
Germany with an
embrace and
Russia at arms
length.
George Kennan: CONTAINMENT
Goals Means Actual Application

8. National Defense Budget [1940-1964]

9.  Ruled by Japan from 1910-WWII
 After WWII divided at 38th
Parallel, Korea not part
of decision
 Soviet-controlled North & U.S.-controlled South
 Did not hold free elections
 Escalation & border skirmishes
 W/ absence of Soviet Union, UN passed resolution
for military intervention
 Mostly U.S. troops (more than 80%)
 20 other countries provided troops

10. Korean War
[1950-1953]

11. Korean War
[1950-1953]
Syngman Rhee
Kim Il-Sung
“Domino Theory”

12. The Shifting Map of Korea
[1950-1953]

13.  1945—End of WWII
 1946—Atomic testing in Bikini Islands; Kennan’s
“Long Telegram”
 1947—Truman Doctrine
 1948—Truman was election surprisingly; Berlin
Airlift
 1949—Stalin ends blockade; Soviets test atomic
bomb
 1950—Korean War begins
 1952—Eisenhower elected President
 1953—Korean War ends