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Creating the Network
                Design



              Designing and Supporting Computer Networks – Chapter 5




Version 4.0      © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.   Cisco Public   1
Objectives
   Analyze business goals and application requirements
    to determine what factors affect the network design
   Utilize the hierarchical design model to develop a
    cost-effective network design that matches the
    organization’s requirements
   Select the appropriate WAN connectivity option to
    meet the organization’s requirements
   Incorporate wireless connectivity into the LAN design,
    based on the results of the wireless survey
   Incorporate security into the LAN/WAN design,
    including placement of firewalls, IDS, and ACLs

    © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.   Cisco Public   2
Analyze Business Goals and Application
   Requirements
 List business goals that must be met by the new design
 Decide which design elements must be present in the
  final design
 Explore alternatives to constraints
 Make trade-offs




   © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.   Cisco Public   3
Analyze Business Goals and Application
   Requirements
Strategies for scalability:
 Access Layer modules
 Expandable, modular equipment
 Broadcast limitation
 Multiple links
 Localized VLANs




    © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.   Cisco Public   4
Analyze Business Goals and Application
   Requirements
Availability requirements:
 Affordable implementation, maximum protection from
  failure
 Availability for e-commerce
 Security monitoring system
 IP telephone system




   © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.   Cisco Public   5
Analyze Business Goals and Application
   Requirements
Performance requirements:
 Transaction-processing
 Video distribution and monitoring
 IP telephone voice quality




   © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.   Cisco Public   6
Analyze Business Goals and Application
    Requirements

Security requirements:
 Use of firewalls
 VPNs
 Intrusion prevention
  systems
 Endpoint security




     © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.   Cisco Public   7
Analyze Business Goals and Application
   Requirements
Design trade-offs:
 Accommodate business goals
 Eliminate or complicate other improvements




   © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.   Cisco Public   8
Utilize the Hierarchical Design Model to
    Develop a Cost-Effective Network Design
Access Layer requirements:
 Connectivity for existing devices and new devices
 VLANs to separate voice, security, wireless, and
  normal data services
 Redundancy
 QoS




   © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.   Cisco Public   9
Utilize the Hierarchical Design Model to
    Develop a Cost-Effective Network Design
 Capabilities of existing technology
 Limitations of existing equipment
 Power requirements




   © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.   Cisco Public   10
Utilize the Hierarchical Design Model to
    Develop a Cost-Effective Network Design
Distribution layer requirements:
 Redundant components and links
 High-density routing
 Traffic filtering
 QoS implementation
 High-bandwidth connectivity
 Fast convergence
 Route summarization


    © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.   Cisco Public   11
Utilize the Hierarchical Design Model to
     Develop a Cost-Effective Network Design

Core Layer requirements:
 High-speed connectivity
 Routed interconnections
 High-speed redundant
  links




     © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.   Cisco Public   12
Utilize the Hierarchical Design Model to
    Develop a Cost-Effective Network Design
 Create the logical LAN diagram, including the locations
  of servers and services




   © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.   Cisco Public   13
Select the Appropriate WAN Connectivity
   Option
 Determine WAN services needed for remote sites




   © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.   Cisco Public   14
Select the Appropriate WAN Connectivity
   Option
 Select the appropriate WAN connectivity method and
  identify the equipment required to support it




   © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.   Cisco Public   15
Select the Appropriate WAN Connectivity
   Option
 Backing up the Frame Relay link
 Supporting remote workers




   © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.   Cisco Public   16
Select the Appropriate WAN Connectivity
   Option
 Evaluate IP addressing and routing methodologies for
  WAN traffic based on company requirements




   © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.   Cisco Public   17
Incorporate Wireless Connectivity into
   the LAN Design
 Identify the appropriate wireless equipment and
  capabilities to meet specific design requirements




   © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.   Cisco Public   18
Incorporate Wireless Connectivity into
    the LAN Design
Integrating wired and wireless solutions:
 Lightweight Access Points (LAPs)
 Wireless LAN controllers




     © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.   Cisco Public   19
Incorporate Wireless Connectivity into
    the LAN Design
Factors influencing availability in a wireless network:
 Location of the AP
 Signal strength of the AP
 Number of users
 Dynamic reconfiguration
 Centralization




     © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.   Cisco Public   20
Incorporate Wireless Connectivity into
   the LAN Design
Create an IP address scheme for a wireless LAN:
 Layer 3 roaming




   © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.   Cisco Public   21
Incorporate Security into the LAN/WAN
   Design
 Determine the source and nature of potential threats
 Draw a diagram of the placement of security functions
  and filters




   © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.   Cisco Public   22
Incorporate Security into the LAN/WAN
   Design
Primary categories of security services:
 Infrastructure protection
 Secure connectivity
 Threat detection, defense, and mitigation




   © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.   Cisco Public   23
Incorporate Security into the LAN/WAN
   Design
Design and implement the appropriate access filters to
 meet a specific network security requirement:
 Firewall rule sets
 Access control lists




    © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.   Cisco Public   24
Incorporate Security into the LAN/WAN
   Design
Include access control lists and firewall rules in the
  design documentation:
 Provide evidence that the security policy is
  implemented
 Ensure that when changes are made, existing rules are
  known
 Assist in troubleshooting




    © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.   Cisco Public   25
Summary
 For each business goal, the designer determines what
  network changes are necessary.
 Converged networks carry a combination of data, voice,
  and video traffic.
 Designing WAN connectivity requires evaluation of the
  telecommunications services available in the
  customer’s area.
 Unified wireless network solutions offer advanced
  features.
 The network designer must identify which data is at risk
  and what the potential sources of attacks are.

    © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.   Cisco Public   26
© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.   Cisco Public   27

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CCNA Discovery 4 - Chapter 5

  • 1. Creating the Network Design Designing and Supporting Computer Networks – Chapter 5 Version 4.0 © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 1
  • 2. Objectives  Analyze business goals and application requirements to determine what factors affect the network design  Utilize the hierarchical design model to develop a cost-effective network design that matches the organization’s requirements  Select the appropriate WAN connectivity option to meet the organization’s requirements  Incorporate wireless connectivity into the LAN design, based on the results of the wireless survey  Incorporate security into the LAN/WAN design, including placement of firewalls, IDS, and ACLs © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 2
  • 3. Analyze Business Goals and Application Requirements  List business goals that must be met by the new design  Decide which design elements must be present in the final design  Explore alternatives to constraints  Make trade-offs © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 3
  • 4. Analyze Business Goals and Application Requirements Strategies for scalability:  Access Layer modules  Expandable, modular equipment  Broadcast limitation  Multiple links  Localized VLANs © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 4
  • 5. Analyze Business Goals and Application Requirements Availability requirements:  Affordable implementation, maximum protection from failure  Availability for e-commerce  Security monitoring system  IP telephone system © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 5
  • 6. Analyze Business Goals and Application Requirements Performance requirements:  Transaction-processing  Video distribution and monitoring  IP telephone voice quality © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 6
  • 7. Analyze Business Goals and Application Requirements Security requirements:  Use of firewalls  VPNs  Intrusion prevention systems  Endpoint security © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 7
  • 8. Analyze Business Goals and Application Requirements Design trade-offs:  Accommodate business goals  Eliminate or complicate other improvements © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 8
  • 9. Utilize the Hierarchical Design Model to Develop a Cost-Effective Network Design Access Layer requirements:  Connectivity for existing devices and new devices  VLANs to separate voice, security, wireless, and normal data services  Redundancy  QoS © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 9
  • 10. Utilize the Hierarchical Design Model to Develop a Cost-Effective Network Design  Capabilities of existing technology  Limitations of existing equipment  Power requirements © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 10
  • 11. Utilize the Hierarchical Design Model to Develop a Cost-Effective Network Design Distribution layer requirements:  Redundant components and links  High-density routing  Traffic filtering  QoS implementation  High-bandwidth connectivity  Fast convergence  Route summarization © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 11
  • 12. Utilize the Hierarchical Design Model to Develop a Cost-Effective Network Design Core Layer requirements:  High-speed connectivity  Routed interconnections  High-speed redundant links © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 12
  • 13. Utilize the Hierarchical Design Model to Develop a Cost-Effective Network Design  Create the logical LAN diagram, including the locations of servers and services © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 13
  • 14. Select the Appropriate WAN Connectivity Option  Determine WAN services needed for remote sites © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 14
  • 15. Select the Appropriate WAN Connectivity Option  Select the appropriate WAN connectivity method and identify the equipment required to support it © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 15
  • 16. Select the Appropriate WAN Connectivity Option  Backing up the Frame Relay link  Supporting remote workers © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 16
  • 17. Select the Appropriate WAN Connectivity Option  Evaluate IP addressing and routing methodologies for WAN traffic based on company requirements © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 17
  • 18. Incorporate Wireless Connectivity into the LAN Design  Identify the appropriate wireless equipment and capabilities to meet specific design requirements © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 18
  • 19. Incorporate Wireless Connectivity into the LAN Design Integrating wired and wireless solutions:  Lightweight Access Points (LAPs)  Wireless LAN controllers © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 19
  • 20. Incorporate Wireless Connectivity into the LAN Design Factors influencing availability in a wireless network:  Location of the AP  Signal strength of the AP  Number of users  Dynamic reconfiguration  Centralization © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 20
  • 21. Incorporate Wireless Connectivity into the LAN Design Create an IP address scheme for a wireless LAN:  Layer 3 roaming © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 21
  • 22. Incorporate Security into the LAN/WAN Design  Determine the source and nature of potential threats  Draw a diagram of the placement of security functions and filters © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 22
  • 23. Incorporate Security into the LAN/WAN Design Primary categories of security services:  Infrastructure protection  Secure connectivity  Threat detection, defense, and mitigation © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 23
  • 24. Incorporate Security into the LAN/WAN Design Design and implement the appropriate access filters to meet a specific network security requirement:  Firewall rule sets  Access control lists © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 24
  • 25. Incorporate Security into the LAN/WAN Design Include access control lists and firewall rules in the design documentation:  Provide evidence that the security policy is implemented  Ensure that when changes are made, existing rules are known  Assist in troubleshooting © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 25
  • 26. Summary  For each business goal, the designer determines what network changes are necessary.  Converged networks carry a combination of data, voice, and video traffic.  Designing WAN connectivity requires evaluation of the telecommunications services available in the customer’s area.  Unified wireless network solutions offer advanced features.  The network designer must identify which data is at risk and what the potential sources of attacks are. © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 26
  • 27. © 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 27