1. Camila White Español 3 Honores 3erPeriodo 9 Diciembre 2010 Grammar Book

2. Tabla de Contenidos:Semester 2 Conditional Tense and Irregulars Perfect Tenses Present Perfect Past Perfect Present Perfect Irregulars Subjunctive Perfect Tan y Tanto Impersonal “Se” Saber vs. Conocer Los Mandatos Informal Commands 12. Formal Commands Irregular Commands DOP and IOP Placement Nosotros Commands Nosotros Commands with MONO verbs Subjunctive and Irregulars Subjunctive Trigger Phrases Impersonal Expressions Expressions of Emotions Conjunctions of Time Demonstrative Adjectives Demonstrative Pronouns

4. Haber: Habr

5. Poner: Pondr

6. Salir: Saldr

7. Decir: Dir

8. Hacer: Har

9. Poder: Podr

10. Querer: Querr

11. Saber: Sabr

12. Tener: Tendr

13. Valer: Valdr

17. Habíasvivido (You had lived.)

18. Habíavivido (He/She/Formal you had lived.)

19. Habíamosvivido (We had lived.)

20. Habíaisvivido (You-all had lived.)

22. Había

23. Habíamos

24. Habíais

27. Tan y Tanto TAN: Used to form the comparisons of equality using adjectives or adverbs Form: TAN + adjective/adverb + como= Comparison of Equality with adjectives or adverbs TANTO: Used to form comparisons of equality using nouns Form: TANTO(-a, -os, -as) + noun + como= Comparison of Equality with nouns

29. The Impersonal “se” refers to an unidentified person.

34. Informal Affirmative Commands The affirmative informal commands are formed the same way as the present indicative usted form Irregular Verbs= TVDISHES -decir= Di -hacer= Ha -ir= Ve -poner= Pon -salir= Sal -ser= Sé -tener= Ten -venir= Ven Examples: -hablar— ar + a = habla -comer – er + e = come -escribir – ir + e = escribe

35. Informal Negative Commands The negative informal commands use the tu form of the present subjunctive. Examples: -No cuentestusbeneficios (Don’t count your blessings). -No hablesmás lentamente (Don’t speak more slowly).

36. Informal Irregular Commands TVDISHES -decir= Di -hacer= Ha -ir= Ve -poner= Pon -salir= Sal -ser= Sé -tener= Ten -venir= Ven

37. Formal Affirmative Commands To form the formal affirmative command: Start with the YO form of the present indicative. Drop the –O ending. Add the opposite ending Examples: -Usted: HableUd. Más lentamente (Speak more slowly). -Usted: Coma Ud. La cena (Eat the dinner). -Ustedes: EscribanUds. La carta (Write the letter).

39. Start with the YO form of the present indicative.

40. Drop the –O ending.

41. Add the opposite ending

43. No coma usted. (Don’t eat.)

46. Ex: Yolo robo.

47. When there are compound verbs, you put the DOP or IOP in front of the conjugated verb

48. Ex: Yolo voya robar.

49. You can also attach the DOP or IOP to the end of an infinitive or present participle

50. Ex: Yovoy a robarlo. (infinitive)

51. Ex: Yoestoyrobándolo. (present partciple)

52. DOPs and IOPs can also be attached to affirmative commands

54. Subjunctive main clause connector (que) subordinate clause Subjunctive The Subjunctive Expresses…. How to Define the Subjunctive

55. Subjunctive Irregulars

56. Impersonal Expressions for the Subjunctive

58. Es buenoque: it’s good that

59. Es convenienteque: it’s convenient that

60. Es difícilque: It’s hard

61. Es extrañoque: It’s strange that

62. Es tristeque: It’s sad that

63. Estartristeque: to be sad that

64. Sentirque: to regret, be sorry that

66. Cuando: when

67. Despues de que: after

68. En cuanto: as soon as

69. Hastaque: until

70. Luegoque: as soon as

72. Demonstrative Pronouns Words that replace nouns in a sentence. Examples of demonstrative pronouns in english: this, that, those, these Singular demonstrative pronouns (masculine): Éste (this) Ése (that) Aquél (that) Plural demonstrative pronouns (masculine): Éstos (these) Ésos (those) Aquéllos (those) Singular demonstrative pronouns (feminine): Ésta (this) Ésa (that) Aquélla (that) Plural demonstrative pronouns (feminine): Éstas (these) Ésas (those) Aquéllas (those) Gender Neutral demonstrative pronouns: Esto Eso Aquello