The document summarizes Unit 5 of a course on the rebirth of the nation from 1877 to 1900. Section 1 discusses the growth of big business in America led by industrialists like Andrew Carnegie and John D. Rockefeller. Section 2 covers the conflict between labor and capital, influenced by the ideas of Karl Marx. Section 3 examines the origins of American empire, including the Spanish-American War and the nation's expansion into places like Hawaii, Cuba, and the Philippines through military action and diplomacy. Key foreign policies that supported imperialism included Roosevelt's Big Stick policy and Taft's Dollar Diplomacy.

1. Unit 5: Rebirth of a Nation, Part
One – 1877-1900
Section 1: “The Business of America
is Business”: Industrial Expansion

2. Essential Questions
• Was the growth of big business good or bad
for ordinary Americans? Our economy?
• What explains the rhetoric of “progress”? Did
this idea clash with the founders’ vision for
America?

7. Andrew Carnegie Social Gospel
• Founded Carnegie Steel
A Protestant
(late 1870’s). Christian intellectual
• Regarded as the second movement that was most
richest man in history. prominent in the early
• Devoted a large portion 20th century United States
of his wealth to charity and Canada. The
movement applied
(The Gospel of Wealth). Christian ethics to social
problems, especially issues
John D. Rockefeller of social justice such as
excessive
• Founded Standard Oil in wealth, poverty, alcoholis
1870. m, crime, racial
• Regarded as the richest tensions, slums, bad
man in history. hygiene, child
• Established the labor, inadequate labor
unions, poor schools, and
University of Chicago the danger of war.

8. Section 2
WORKING MAN’S BURDEN: THE
CONFLICT BETWEEN LABOR & CAPITAL

9. Essential Questions
• What is at the center of this conflict? Does it
still exist today?
• Was the rise of industry good for American
workers?

10. Karl Marx and the Rise of the Proletariat
Karl Marx:
1. Developed the modern theory of
socialism/communism
2. Theorized all of human history had been a conflict
between the bourgeoisie (business owners) and the
proletariat (workers).
3. In a capitalist economy (such as the U.S.), the
bourgeoisie exploited the proletariat in order to
accumulate more material possessions for
themselves.
U.S. Labor Relations
"The wealth of those societies in
1. Eugene V. Debs (head of the IWW or
which the capitalist mode of Wobblies and Samuel Gompers (head
production prevails, presents itself of the AFL), were both sympathetic to
as 'an immense accumulation of the ideals of socialism/communism.
commodities,' its unit being a 2. Many U.S. workers joined pro-socialist
single commodity." (First sentence movements and political parties
of Capital, Volume I.)

11. Rock, Paper, Scissors
Activity

12. Section 3
ORIGINS OF EMPIRE: OVERSEAS
INCURSIONS AND PUBLIC DEBATE

13. Essential Questions
• Why did America choose to become a colonial
and imperial power despite the wishes of
many citizens? Did the nation’s actions reflect
the values of the Declaration of
Independence?
• What were the motivations behind the
nation’s military actions abroad? Were they
justified?

15. Imperialism Defined: Examples of U.S. Imperialism
•A policy of extending a 1. Spanish-American War
country's power and influence • Cuba (protectorate)
through diplomacy or military • Puerto Rico (territory)
force. • Guam (territory)
• Philippines (protectorate)
2. Hawaii (annexed)
Reasons for Imperialism: 3. Alaska (purchased from Russia)
1. Establish power and prestige Results of U.S. Imperialism
2. Demonstrate military power
3. Access to natural resources and 1. Cuba granted
ports independence
4. New markets for manufactured 2. War with the Philippines.
goods 3. Guam and Puerto Rico
5. Limit the power of other remain territories.
imperialist nations 4. Hawaii annexed against the
will of the native
population.

16. U.S. Foreign Policy Supporting Imperialism
“Big Stick Policy” or Roosevelt
Corollary to the Monroe
Doctrine:
• Developed by President
Theodore Roosevelt.
• Expanded on the
Monroe Doctrine.
Wilson’s “Moral
• U.S. would consider any
Diplomacy”:
intervention in North
American an act of
• The United
aggression
States should
Taft’s “Dollar Diplomacy”: intervene in other
• Implements by President nations when it is
William Howard Taft. “morally right”.
• Sought to use U.S. business
investment to influence foreign
policy goals.