1. Chapters 13 and 14 Study Guide World War II

2. Axis and Allied Powers Axis Powers Countries Germany Italy Japan Goals Conquest and control of Europe Control of Mediterranean area Control of the Pacific and Northern China Allied Powers Countries United States France Great Britain USSR Goals Defeat the Axis powers Liberate France and western Europe Rebuild European economy

3. Terminology Appeasement----Allies gave in to Hitler’s demands for territory in order to prevent war. Blitzkrieg---- Lightening War, Germany strategy of striking quickly with overwhelming force Holocaust---Killing of 6 million Jews by the Nazis Island hopping---Japanese strategy in the Pacific of conquering small island to use as air bases then “hopping” to the next. Kamikaze---Japanese suicide pilots Bushido---Code of honor practiced by Japanese soldiers. Made them disciplined and willing to fight to the death.

4. People of World War II Fascist leader of Italy Fascist leader of Nazi Germany Leader of Japan Prime Minister of England Premier of Soviet Union U.S. President 1933-1945 Symbol of women factory workers during the war U.S. President 1945-1953 became President following FDR’s death in 1945 Supreme Allied Commander Commander of U.S. forces in the Pacific Benito Mussolini Adolph Hitler Emperor Hirohito Winston Churchill Joseph Stalin Franklin Roosevelt Rosie the Riveter Harry S. Truman Dwight Eisenhower Douglas MacArthur

5. Benito Adolph Emperor Winston Joseph Mussolini Hitler Hirohito Churchill Stalin Franklin Rosie the Harry S. Dwight Douglas Roosevelt Riveter Truman Eisenhower MacArthur

7. Start of the war: Nazi invasion of Poland September, 1939

8. Neutrality Acts: Passed by Congress in the 1930’s aimed at keeping the U.S. out of a European war

9. Lend-Lease Acts: Series of laws passed by Congress allowing the U.S. to sell war materials to the Allies

11. Women in the workforce

12. Japanese interment

13. Reasons created

14. Conditions

17. England experienced 57 consecutive nights of air raids

19. Erwin Rommel commander of German forces

20. Bernard Montgomery and George Patton led the Allied forces

22. Advance was slowed by fierce fighting and crossing the Italian Alps

23. Allies captured Rome 4 June, 1944

25. 17 July, 1942- 2 February, 1943

27. Allied invasion of France 6 June, 1944

28. Largest military operation in history

30. Aimed at retaking the Belgium port of Antwerp

32. Holocaust Selection process: Jews, Gypsies, and other undesirable groups were selected Conditions: Camps lacked sufficient food, shelter, and prisoners were forced into hours of meaningless labor each day Killing centers: Auschwitz, Bergen-Belsen and others where mass executions took place Final Solution: Nazi plan for mass extermination of European Jews Nazi leaders justified the Holocaust by claiming they were merely following orders Holocaust ended in 1945 as Allied forces liberated the camps on their march to Berlin

34. War in the Pacific Battles Pearl Harbor: 7 December, 1941 Japanese attack the U.S. naval base in Hawaii Philippines: Allied forces were defeated by the Japanese and forced into the Bataan Death March. Later reconquered by the Allies Doolittle Raid: U.S. air raids against Japan. Largely ineffective, but proved the U.S. was willing to go on the offensive Battles continued Battle of Midway: Allied victory and turning point in the Pacific campaign Guadalcanal: fierce battle between the U.S. and Japanese forces Iwo Jima: famous for flag raising photo. Last step before Allies reached Japan

35. Battle of the Pacific Continued Okinawa: One of the final battles before the planned Allied invasion of Japan Tokyo: Last naval battle of the war

37. Atomic Bomb Controversy: Atomic weapons had never before been used and many feared their power. Manhattan Project: Secret U.S. program to develop the atomic bomb Hiroshima/Nagasaki: Japanese cities destroyed by the atomic bomb; Led to Japanese surrender President Truman decided to use the atomic bomb to avoid millions of U.S. casualties in a proposed invasion of Japan