1. Chapter Seven
Learning

3.  Learning – experience that results in a
relatively permanent change in behavior
 Behaviorism

4.  Some general terms
• Learning-performance distinction
• Associative learning
• Extinction and spontaneous recovery
• Generalization and discrimination
 Stimulus discrimination
 Discriminative stimulus
• Cognition and learning
 Latent learning (see next slide)
 Cognitive maps

5. Principles of Learning

7.  What is learning?
 Remember: Learning is ―the
process by which experience or
practice results in a relatively
permanent change in behavior or
potential behavior‖

8. Motivation
 Intrinsically motivated
 Extrinsic motivation
 Overjustification
 Biological
predispositions
• Food preferences
 Taste-aversion
learning
• Fear-related learning
biases http://youtu.be/KPaMz885OKI

9. Classical
Conditioning

10. FEAR CONDITIONING
 ***Little Albert ***

11. Relax, close your eyes and imagine yourself in
following event:
 — it’s a warm, sunny day and you are laying on
the warm sand of the Florida beach
 — the sun is beaming down on you and you feel
its warmth
 — you hear the sounds of waves and the soft
sound of children playing in the distance
 — the sun is hotter now and you decide to cool
off in the cool ocean water
 — you get up and lazily walk toward the water
 — you wade in up to your waist and feeling very
refreshed you start to swim toward deeper water
and you are feeling great
 http://youtu.be/wCfWHqrYUqo

12.  Principles of reinforcement
•Types of reinforcers
 Positive reinforcement
 Negative reinforcement
 Delayed reinforcement

13.  http://youtu.be/lDlO4Zkq1hA

14.  Principles of reinforcement
• Reinforcement schedules
 Partial (intermittent)
reinforcement
• Fixed-ratio
• Variable-ratio
• Fixed-interval
• Variable-interval

15.  Schedules of Reinforcement

16.  Punishment and shaping
• Punishment (see next slide)
Reinforcement increases the behavior
that preceded it. Punishment decreases
the behavior that preceded it.
• Shaping
• Successive approximations
• Chaining

18.  Reinforcement vs. Punishment

19. Observational Learning
 Elements of observational learning
 Bandura’s experiments (Bobo doll)
 Learning-based activities
• Play

20.  Read Chapter Eight
 See you Tuesday! 