This document proposes a dual combustion internal combustion engine that uses hydrogen and gasoline/diesel as fuels. It has upper and lower combustion chambers that operate alternately. Hydrogen would be injected into the lower chamber while gasoline/diesel would be used in the upper chamber. This design aims to leverage the benefits of hydrogen such as high flame speed and low emissions, while utilizing the existing infrastructure for liquid fuels. Calculations indicate the engine could produce 962.7 Nm of torque. The document discusses the working, valve timing, piston design, injection methods, engine balancing and concludes this dual-fuel engine could help conserve resources for future generations.

1. ECO IC
(HYDROGEN TECHNOLOGY IN DUAL
COMBUSTION IC ENGINE)
BY
KAVIN RAJA G
KARTHIK R
MOHAMMED HASHIQ M
III YEAR MECHANICAL
SRI KRISHNA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY.

2. INTRODUCTION:
• All these years fuel has been confined to be in the form of
crude oil.
• Recent study predicts by the end of 2080 the conventional
resources will almost run dry.
Fuel
Reserves
Years left
Oil
1,386 billion barrels
46.2
Coal
860,938 million tonnes
118
Gas
187.1 trillion cubic metres
58.6

3. AIR POLLUTION DUE TO FOSSIL FUELS:
• The use of automobiles contributes to serious environmental
problems including global warming, depletion of resources, air
pollution and so on.
• We are all aware of the fact of how our environment consisting
of various flora and fauna around us is getting affected by the
emission of harmful gases which are a by-product of the
combustion process taking place in the internal combustion
engines. To name a few are carbon monoxides and nitrous
oxides.

4. HYDROGEN AS FUEL:
• Two available power units for hydrogen vehicles are hydrogen
FCVs and hydrogen ICE.
• Hydrogen internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles present
much of the same promise as hydrogen fuel cell vehicles
(FCVs): reduced reliance on imported oil and reduced carbon
dioxide emissions.
• But hydrogen ICE has advantage over hydrogen FCV’s since
hydrogen can power a normal 4 stroke petrol engine with some
modifications.

5. WHY USE HYDROGEN IN IC ENGINES?
PROPERTIES:
•
•
•
•
•
Lean mixture
Low ignition temperature
High diffusivity
High flame speed
Hydrogen can be obtained as a by-product of electrolysis of
water.
• Since the availability of water as a source is never a problem,
hydrogen is available in abundance.
• Hydrogen is the cleaner and greener fuel as compared to other
forms of fuels that are available today.

8. OUR CONCEPT:
• Two combustion chambers
– separate intake, exhaust
and ignition system
• Primary fuel – H2 (lower
chamber).
• Secondary fuel – Gasoline or
Diesel (upper chamber).
• The strokes of the upper
and the lower chamber are
designed to take place
alternatively.
UPPER
AND
LOWER
COMBUS
TION
CHAMBE
RS
HYDROGEN
INJECTOR

9. WORKING & STROKE SEQUENCE:
PETROL CHAMBER
HYDROGEN CHAMBER
Intake
Exhaust
Compression
Intake
Power
Compression
Exhaust
Power
SPARK
PLUG
H2
INJECTOR

10. VALVES SEQUENCE:
CHAMBER
STROKE 1
STROKE 2
STROKE 3
STROKE 4
PETROL
INLET VALVE
OPEN
INLET VALVE
CLOSE
EXHAUST
VALVE OPEN
EXHAUST
VALVE CLOSE
HYDROGEN
EXHAUST
VALVE CLOSE
INLET VALVE
OPEN
INLET VALVE
CLOSE
EXHAUST
VALVE OPEN

11. VALVE OPERATION:
• The engine is equipped with variable valve timing.
• The valve timing in both the chambers is adjusted such that the
power delivery is linear.
• In VVT the ECU monitors the condition of the engine to
decide when to switch to a different camshaft profile.
• Using variable valve timing further increases the efficiency,
torque and drivability of the engine.

12. CALCULATIONS:
•
Bore = 68.5 mm
•
Mass flow rate of H2 = 0.00175 kg/s
•
Stroke = 72 mm
•
Fuel Power = 78.4 KJ/s
•
RPM = 3500
•
Torque produced by the engine =
•
Compression Ratio of H2 = 21:1
•
Clearance volume for H2 = 0.001935
•
Gear ratio 1:1
•
Efficiency = 23 km/kg of H2
•
Fuel tank capacity = 50 Litres
962.7 Nm

13. ENGINE BALANCING:
Let us consider the engine as a 4 cylinder inline engine.
Cylinder 1
Cylinder 2
Cylinder 3
Cylinder 4
Power
Compression
Exhaust
Power
Suction
Exhaust
Compression
Suction
Suction
Exhaust
Compression
Suction
Power
Compression
Exhaust
Power
Exhaust
Power
Suction
Exhaust
Compression
Suction
Power
Compression
Compression
Suction
Power
Compression
Exhaust
Power
Suction
Exhaust

14. FLUCTUATIONS IN FLYWHEEL:
Petrol
Hydrogen
Turning
moment
Crank angle
Turning
moment
Crank angle

16. PISTON DESIGN:
• The temperature produced on
the upper and lower part of the
pistons are approximately 4000oC
and 2300oC.
• So, the piston is made of suitable
alloy to withstand high
temperatures.
• To prevent the leakage of petrol
into the lower chamber, a ring is
designed to drain the fuel and is
removed by means of vacuum
pressure.

17. INJECTION METHODS:
• Hydrogen is injected by Constant Volume Injection
which is a method of direct injection using Constant
Volume Injector.
• Direct injection eliminates pre ignition and backfire
problems.
• Direct injection
also increases the
thermal efficiency
of the engine as
shown.

18. FLEXIBILITY OF OUR CONCEPT:
• Our engine involves the usage of either gasoline or diesel as the
secondary fuel subject to need.
• The working of the hydrogen chamber is independent of the
secondary fuel used.
• Hence the lower chamber can be either be compression
ignited or spark ignited.
• The absence of one fuel does not affect the functioning of the
engine since the engine can run using one fuel also.
• The engine has a compact design and has more power to
weight ratio.

19. FURTHER DEVELOPMENTS
• The piston is exposed to varying temperatures in its upper and
lower part and so, a suitable alloy material for the piston should
be selected.
• Improvement can also be done in selecting the suitable
compression ratio for the hydrogen chamber such that it can
provide more power.

20. CONCLUSION:
• In today’s world of depleting
energy resources, hydrogen seems
to be a more promising fuel.
• This idea of using hydrogen as
one of the fuel in modified IC
Engine, can certainly make a leap
in automotive technology.
• Another important factor to be
considered is that we can
CONSERVE the Resources that
we have today for the Generation
tomorrow.

21. THANK YOU