The Impact of MOOC in Higher Education
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With the rapid development of information technologies and the spread of the Internet, universities have been able to extend their learning environments using technology all over their campuses. Numerous universities have implemented OpenCourseWare (OCW) initiatives and OER(Open Educational Resources) development to share their learning materials on the web. In addition, some universities provide free Massive Open Online Course (MOOC) with large-scale interactive participation and open access on the Internet. This keynote evaluates the status of the Open Education movement and its dissemination in higher education. It reviews the growth of MOOC movement, activities of MOOC providers and consortiums, introduction MOOC to university education as well as the possible impact on higher education. In addition, this keynote introduces current open educational practices in Hokkaido region, utilizing OER across campuses to improve student outcomes.
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The Impact of MOOC in Higher Education
- 1. The Impact of MOOC on Higher Education Katsusuke Shigeta Associate Professor, Information Initiative Center Associate Director, Center for Open Education Hokkaido University JAPAN shige@iic.hokudai.ac.jp
- 2. Overview 1. “Open Education” Movement Activities to open learning materials and opportunity 2. The feature of MOOC MOOC as a “evolution” of open education 3. MOOC and Higher Education Future possibility of MOOC, HE, and Society 4. Open Education at universities in Hokkaido Share liberal arts education by SPOC and MOOC
- 3. 1. “Open Education” Movement Activities to open learning materials and opportunity 2. The feature of MOOC MOOC as a “evolution” of open education 3. MOOC and Higher Education Future possibility of MOOC, HE, and Society 4. Open Education at universities in Hokkaido Share liberal arts education utilizing MOOC
- 4. About Open Education • What is “open education”? – “Open up” education to increase opportunity to learn – Everyone participates teaching and learning – Supported by society (government and foundation) • Beginning of open education – 1990s：dissemination of e-learning • Failure of paid learning materials by universities – 2001：OpenCourseWare founded by MIT • Open learning materials for free by universities • Spread of Open Educational Resources (OER)
- 5. Feature of open education (1) Freely available learning materials • Open free textbooks and videos online Learning materials Learner Free learning materials on the web Learner It costs money… Learn For free!
- 6. OER（Open Educational Resources) • Learning materials freely available on the web – Textbook, lecture movies, etc. • Reuse to enlarge quantity and diversity – Application of Creative commons license • Dissemination by international movement – UNESCO 2012 declaration for “OER congress” • Open Textbook – Replace existing publisher textbooks – Reduce costs for students
- 7. Feature of open education (2) Establish websites for learning materials • Find appropriate materials for purpose Learner I can’t find materials I need.. Learner I can find proper materials! Search and
- 8. OpenCourseWare (OCW) • Freely available lecture materials by universities • Worldwide efforts – Regional and worldwide consortiums • Translation of materials to local language
- 9. Feature of open education (3) Establish learning community • Encourage motivation and effects of learning Learner Learning community Learner I can’t ask questions. It’s not easy to learn by myself.. LearnerStudy together!
- 10. OpenStydy Mozilla Open Badge • Issue “digital badge” for accomplishment of learning • Signaling for knowledge skills • Online learning community • Use OCW to learn together
- 11. 1. “Open Education” Movement Activities to open learning materials and opportunity 2. The feature of MOOC MOOC as a “evolution” of open education 3. MOOC and Higher Education Future possibility of MOOC, HE, and Society 4. Open Education at universities in Hokkaido Share liberal arts education utilizing MOOC
- 12. What is MOOC? • Massive(ly) Open Online Course • Provide opportunity to take courses in public – Duration: Several weeks to months – Not only open materials, but also provide learning environment • Massively participation for free – Learning community around the world • Emerge MOOC providers and consortiums – Around the US and Europe from 2012
- 13. Coursera • Education company that partners with top universities and organizations to offer courses – Established 2012 by faculty at Stanford University • Over 500 courses by over 100 universities – Humanities, medicine, biology – Social Science, mathematics • Over 13 million enrollment • Offered by multiple language • Funded by over $60 million
- 14. edX • University consortium offer MOOC – Established 2012 by MIT and Harvard – Each contributed $30 million • 43 universities offer university- level courses • Over 5 million enrollment • Open-source platform (Open edX)
- 15. JMOOC • Japan Massive Open Online Course – Collaboration with industries and universities • Multiple MOOC providers • Started April 2014, over 30 courses • Over 150 thousands enrollments
- 16. Courses on MOOC • Subject – Introduction courses for undergraduates – Distinctive courses (Development of Robot car etc.) • Structure – E-learning courses with community – Sequential materials with video, text and quizzes – Peer-review of essay – Discussion Forum • Issue certificate, not credit
- 17. Feature of MOOC compared to e-learning • Differences between existing “e-learning” – Free to enroll, voluntary participation – No charge (No fee and no tuition) – No credits – Completion of course is not required (10%) • Worldwide learning community – Millions of participants – “Meetup” events • meet neighboring participants organized worldwide
- 18. MOOC as a “learning service” by open online courses Learning Community Learner Learner Learning CommunityLearner Learner Lecturer Take courses for several weeks or months Certificate Learning Community using OER MOOCs
- 19. 1. “Open Education” Movement Activities to open learning materials and opportunity 2. The feature of MOOC MOOC as a “evolution” of open education 3. MOOC and Higher Education Future possibility of MOOC, HE, and Society 4. Open Education at universities in Hokkaido Share liberal arts education utilizing MOOC
- 20. Backgrounds of open education activities by universities • Ideal Aspects – Increase educational opportunities in global terms – International relief efforts to equal opportunity of education (translation of OER) • Pragmatic Aspects – Provide return to universities – Increase publicity to open OCW and MOOC • MIT: 27% beginning students aware of OCW before deciding to attend MIT were influenced by it – Reduce costs (introduce Open Textbooks)
- 21. Using MOOC on campus • Introduction of MOOC as “digital textbooks” – Flipped classroom or blended learning – Improvement of retention rate • From 50% to 90% – SPOC(Small Private Online Courses) • Use MOOC privately inside campus • Online graduate school using MOOC – Georgia Tech Univ. Master of computer science – Collaborate with MOOC provider (Udacity) • $7000 for master degree
- 22. Verified certificate to credit • “Signature Track” by Coursera (around 20 USD) – Identification procedure by Photo ID using webcam – Prevent plagiarism by key typing recognition • Get credit by verified certificate – ACE Credit （Credit recommendation service） – Transferred to ACE Credit to be used for academic credit – Used as complement of credit on existing university
- 23. Criticisms and concern • Criticism – Integration of MOOC in traditional university setting exist – Rapid introduction of MOOC on campus restrict academic freedom of faculty and university • Concern over sustainability – Remains unsure (funding depends on VC) – Developing a sustainable business model is essential – Crucial for universities to measure the efficacy
- 24. MOOC and higher education • Improve online learning by MOOC – Using “big data” from “massively” participants – Improve online courses by learner’s behavior • Potential of MOOC by private sector – For workplace learning (Yahoo! and Coursera) – Open Education Alliance • Udacity and IT(Google, AT&T) companies jointly established • Reduce skill gaps through online education to develop human resources on IT industry • Government support (US) for teacher education
- 25. MOOC as a social infrastructure of learning • Offer learning opportunities in diverse ways – Support workers and learners to expand social safety net to increase employment opportunities – Add existing education system to opportunity to learn
- 26. 1. “Open Education” Movement Activities to open learning materials and opportunity 2. The feature of MOOC MOOC as a “evolution” of open education 3. MOOC and Higher Education Future possibility of MOOC, HE, and Society 4. Open Education at universities in Hokkaido Share liberal arts education utilizing MOOC
- 27. Hokkaido University OpenCourseWare http://ocw.hokudai.ac.jp/ • Course materials and videos • Extension lectures • iTunes U – Video materials
- 28. ACE project: Introduce OER among universities in Hokkaido • Create liberal arts courses for university-wide education program – 7 public universities at Hokkaido area – Utilize videoconferencing among universities – Funded by Ministry of Education • Develop education methods to utilize OER – Improve student engagement and learning outcomes – Flipped classroom and active learning
- 29. Backgrounds: Challenges in Hokkaido area • Potential to realize diverse liberal arts education for cooperation of universities in Hokkaido – Specializing single-department universities (agriculture, engineering) • Difficulty to support variety of liberal arts education on each universities – Limited faculty for second language courses • Opportunities for students to learn diverse courses – Utilize distinctive features of universities
- 30. Cooperation of universities in Hokkaido • Utilize distance learning – Videoconferencing system – Special classroom for active learning • Improve student outcomes – Overcome challenges to increase effectiveness of distance learning 18th century 20th century 21st century Introduce active learning
- 31. Activities (1) • Create “OER Repository” to share learning materials – Video materials, e-textbooks, quizzes, etc. – Based on Open edX with localization – Create model courses (4 courses / year)
- 32. Activities (2) • Develop OER – Applied ethics – Earth and space science – Digital Literacy – Environmental radioactivity • Pilot courses from 2nd semester 2014 – Introduce flipped classroom and active learning • Start credit bearing courses from 2015
- 33. Activities (3) • Open OERs as MOOC courses and OCW – Select superior courses from developed courses
- 34. Designing OER • “MOOC-type” learning materials – Short videos + quizzes – Structured materials based on instructional design • Use in classroom – Materials for flipped classroom – Supplement materials for unprepared students
- 35. Producing OER • Studio production • Teaching Assistant support – as Subject Matter Experts • Professionals – Instructional designer – Video producer – Copyright clearance • Creative commons license – CC-BY-NC
- 36. OER Repository • Academic Commons For Education (ACE) – Open April 2014 • Open edX based platform – Link to SSO system on campus http://ace.iic.hokudai.ac.jp/ (Required signing on）
- 37. Open MOOC on edX • From “OECx” channel on edX.org – By Open Education Consortium – From Spring 2015 ＋ ⇒
- 38. Introduction to Radioactivity and Radiation • Contents – Basics of Radioactivity – Effects on environment and food – Methodology to measure radioactivity – Application (nuclear plants, etc.) • Based on learning materials for liberal arts education – With subtitles • 4 weeks
- 39. Prospective Outcomes • Realize diversity of liberal arts education – Improve effectiveness of distance learning among universities – Dissemination of open educational resources • Increase learning opportunities by MOOC – Promotion and internationalization – Open MOOC on global consortium (edX) • Practice to apply SPOC and MOOC among campuses – Improve student outcomes with distance learning
- 40. The Impact of MOOC on Higher Education Katsusuke Shigeta Associate Professor, Information Initiative Center Associate Director, Center for Open Education Hokkaido University JAPAN shige@iic.hokudai.ac.jp
Hinweis der Redaktion
- Hello. My name is katsusuke shigeta, from Hokkaido university in Japan. To begin this session., I would like to introduce a overview of moocs and its impact on higher education.
- There are mainly three points on my part. First, I would like to introduce open education movement, which is established the basis of current mooc activities. Second, I will explain the feature of moocs. In my point of view. Moocs is considered as an evolution of open education. From this perspective, I will explain some examples of mooc providers and its features. Third, I will show the current trials and discussions around moocs and higher eduaction. I will present future possibility of moocs, higher education and society. At last, I will introduce open education activities in universities in Hokkaido area. Several public universities in Hokkaido area has launched a project to share liberal arts education by SPOC (a closed version of MOOC, I explain later) and MOOC. I will introduce this effort on the last part of this presentation.
- First, I would like to introduce open education movement, which is established the basis of current mooc activities.
- What is open education? Open education is an effort to “open up” education to increase opportunity for learning. Open education aims for everyone to participate teaching and learning. This effort is widely supported by society, like governments and foundations. The beginning of open education dates back to 1990s. In this era, many universities started utilizing e-learning around campus. At this time, in the united states, there were some trials to establish portal sites to sell paid learning materials. This trials did not succeed and ended for several years. This experience reflects to the next activity to open learning materials for free. In 2001, MIT launched opencourseware site to publish their learning materials on the web for free. At the same time, open educational resources evolved and began spreading.
- I would like to organize an idea of open education by three features. First, it is an effort to publish freely available learning materials. Please compare two diagrams right and left. On the left, … On the right,.
- The free learning materials on the web is OER. OER stands for open educational resources ,.. It includes,, learning And it encourages to reuse existing resources to enlarge quantity and diversity. Dissemination of OER is conducted by international movement. UNESCO is one of the major organizations to support OER. UNESCO has international OER congress. In 2012, UNESCO announced a declaration to request member country to accelerate production and utilization of OER. One of the emerging activities about OER is to publish open textbooks. It replaces Espcially universities and colleges in the united states, a escalating price of academic fee including textbook costs is considered a social problem. To introduce open textbooks, it has a impact to reduce school expense for students.
- Second feature of open education is to establish websites for learning materials. Please compare two diagrams right and left. On the left, … On the right,, if a website to organize OERs for learner’s level and requirements is available, it is beneficial for him to find appropriate learning materials. To search and classify OERs, it would contribute to find it more.
- One of the major websites to deliver learning materials for free is opencoursesware. Opencourseware is course lessons created at universities and published via internet. This is world wide efforts. One of the major activities around ocw is to translate . Some local organizations or governments translate materials
- Third feature of open education is to establish learning community. Please compare two diagrams right and left. On the left, … On the right,.
- There are some examples of the learning community. Openstudy is One of the feature of openstudy is that learners use same learning materials together and ask questions each other, Compared to ask individual questions on separated learning materials, it would increase efficacy of learning. Another example is mozilla open badge. This is a platform to issue digital badge for accomplishment of learning. Organizations or websites like openstudy could use this badge to certificate learners to assess their accomplishment by assignments. This badge would become a kind of “signaling” to show knowledge and skill of learners
- There are mainly three points on my part. First, I would like to introduce open education movement, which is established the basis of current mooc activities. Second, I will explain the feature of moocs. In my point of view. Moocs is considered as an evolution of open education. From this perspective, I will explain some examples of mooc providers and its features. Third, I will show the current trials and discussions around moocs and higher eduaction. I will present future possibility of moocs, higher education and society.
- What is MOOCs?
- I would like to introduce some examples of MOOCs provider.
- This is another example of MOOCs.
- MOOCs have some features existing e-learning do not have. First,
- I would like to organize an idea of existing learning communities using OER and MOOCs. Please compare two diagrams right and left. On the left, … On the right,.
- There are mainly three points on my part. First, I would like to introduce open education movement, which is established the basis of current mooc activities. Second, I will explain the feature of moocs. In my point of view. Moocs is considered as an evolution of open education. From this perspective, I will explain some examples of mooc providers and its features. Third, I will show the current trials and discussions around moocs and higher eduaction. I will present future possibility of moocs, higher education and society.
- There are some trials to introduce MOOCs to campus education. Several universities conduct projects using MOOCs in their existing campus-based lectures. They have introduced MOOCs as “digital textbooks” to introduce a “flipped classroom” approach. A survey revealed that this approach improves the retention rate of students completing the course. The introduction of MOOCs on campuses can improve learning outcomes. Georgia tech univ. introduce MOOCs for master course. They launched online graduate school using MOOCs. It enables dramatically reduce tuitions for students dramatically, $7000 for master degree.
- However, criticisms of the integration of MOOCs in traditional university education settings exist. Several critical professors argue that the rapid introduction of MOOCs on campuses restrict the academic freedom of individual universities. Finding the appropriate approach to use MOOCs on campuses is therefore currently underway. The sustainability of MOOCs providers remains unsure. MOOCs providers depend on venture capitalist funding for financial sustainability. Developing a sustainable business model is essential to effectively establish their systems. Universities use MOOCs to highlight the variety and quality of their education to the public. It is crucial for universities to measure the efficiency of open MOOCs.
- There are some potentials MOOCs improve higher education. To use “big data” obtains from massive learners could be used to improve online courses itself. The behavior and pattern of error of learners are really beneficial future development of structure and contents of MOOC. At the same time, private sector institutions are able to offer MOOCs. Last week, federal government in the US proposed the plan that government will pay the fees of verified certificate of Coursera to learn mooc for teacher education.
- There are mainly three points on my part. First, I would like to introduce open education movement, which is established the basis of current mooc activities. Second, I will explain the feature of moocs. In my point of view. Moocs is considered as an evolution of open education. From this perspective, I will explain some examples of mooc providers and its features. Third, I will show the current trials and discussions around moocs and higher eduaction. I will present future possibility of moocs, higher education and society.
- Hello. My name is katsusuke shigeta, from Hokkaido university in Japan. To begin this session., I would like to introduce a overview of moocs and its impact on higher education.