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WW2
Quick Facts:
A. War Costs
  1. US Debt 1940 - $9 billion
     US Debt 1945 - $98 billion
  • The war cost $330 billion -- 10 times
    the cost of WWI & as much as all
    previous federal spending since 1776
Quick Facts
B. Human Costs
Quick Facts:
B. Human Costs
  1. 50 million people died (compared to
     15 million in WWI)
   • 21.3 million Russians (7.7 million civilians)

   • 11 million died as a result of the HOLOCAUST
     (6 million Jews + 5 million others)
When?
    •1939-1945
    •US involvement 1941-1945


  1939                      1941                        1945




Sept.1 -       Sept. 3        Dec. 7 –       May -         Sept. -
 Germany       -Britain &   Japan bombs     Germans        Atomic
  invades       France      Pearl Harbor;   Surrender     Bombing
   Poland       declare     US enters the                     of
   (official    war on          War                       Hiroshima
start to the   Germany                                        &
     war)                                                 Nagasaki,
                                                          Japanese
                                                          Surrender
Who?
       Allies                    Axis
   (major powers)            (major powers)
    Great Britain               Germany
       Russia                     Italy

   United States                 Japan
        France
(note: France surrendered
 to Germany in 1940 (after
    6 weeks of fighting)
• “He who wants to live must fight, and he who
  does not want to fight in this world, where
  eternal struggle is the law of life, has no right
  to exist.”

           » Mein Kampf (My Struggle)
           » Adolf Hitler
The Rise of Dictators
• Ruthless people rose to power in the 1920’s and 1930’s
• Some Europeans resented terms of Treaty of Versailles
   – Germans had to take full responsibility of WWI
   – Pay billions of dollars in reparation to allies
   – Disarm completely
   – Give up all overseas colonies and some territory in Europe
   – Carved up Austro-Hungarian and Russian Empires to create
     several European countries (borders were later disputed)
   – League of Nations was part of the Treaty
The Players

•   Germany –
•   Italy –
•   Japan-
•   Soviet Union –
•   United States –
Germany – Adolf Hitler
      -Nazism
Adolf Hitler
WW2
Italy – Benito Mussolini
        -Fascism
Japan- Emperor Hirohito-
 Constitutional Monarchy
Soviet Union – Joseph Stalin
       –Communism
United States – Franklin D. Roosevelt
            -Democracy
• Hitler's Rise to Power
• Established totalitarian rule
   – A single party and its leader suppress all opposition and
     control all aspects of people’s lives
• Believed Germans had a right to expand its territory,
  needed lebensraum -living space
• Rebuilt Germany’s military- going against the treaty
• Made an alliance with Italy to support his expansion
  plans
Benito Mussolini
Italy

• Benito Mussolini
  – Appealed to those who felt they had not won enough
    from the Treaty of Versailles
  – Made fascism popular in Italy
     • Control over a country’s economic and political system
  – His fascist party became so strong he forced the king
    of Italy to declare him ruler of the government
– He banned all political parties but fascism
– Ended all democratic rule, no civil liberties or free
  press
– Children were enrolled in military organizations, taught
  loyalty to regime
– Began attacking and annexing neighboring lands,
  Ethiopia, Albania…withdrew from the League of
  Nations
Emperor Hirohito
Japan

• Japanese grew frustrated during the depression
• Military leaders rose to power in the 1930’s
• These leaders thought they could solve Japan’s
  problems by expanding their power into Asia
• 1931 attacked Manchuria, China
• League condemned the act, but took no action
• Slowly took over most of China
• 1940 signed a pact of alliance with Germany and Italy
  to form the “Axis”
• Japan invades
  China
Joseph Stalin
Soviet Union

• Late 1920’s Joseph Stalin rose to power
• Communist leader
• Demanded complete obedience from his people
• Got his through force
• Executed rivals and those thousands suspected of
  supporting his rivals
• Sent millions to Russian labor camps
• Reorganized nations economy, forcing millions to
  work on government owned farms
• Joseph Stalin
Franklin D. Roosevelt
The United States of America

• Most Americans wanted to avoid involvement
  in foreign affairs
• Congress passed Neutrality Acts between
  1935 and 1937
  – Banned the sale of weapons to nations at war
  – Restricted trade to nations on a cash only basis
    (WWI debt from European countries remained
    unpaid)
WW2
Hitler Begins

• Rhineland
  –   March 1936 Begins march
  –   German territory west of the Rhine River
  –   Considered a neutral zone by the treaty
  –   German soldiers prohibited in area
  –   France and Britain protested, but did nothing else
WW2
• Sudetenland (area of Czechoslovakia)
  – Many German speaking people lived here
  – Falsely claimed these people were being
    persecuted
  – Czechs did not want to be annexed; Britain &
    France sought peaceful solution
  – Leaders of Germany, Italy, France, Great Britain
    met in Munich
Sudetenland
The Munich Pact
– Czechs did not want to be annexed; Britain &
  France sought peaceful solution
– Leaders of Germany, Italy, France, Great
  Britain met in Munich
– France and Britain wanted to avoid war
– Let Germany have the Sudetenland;
  appeasement
The Munich Pact

– In return, Germany could not expand
  farther.
– Neville Chamberlain, Prime Minister,
  cheered
– March, 1939, Germany invaded
  Czechoslovakia
– World is realizing Hitler cannot be trusted
Munich Pact
Nazi-Soviet Pact

• Germany making plans to invade Poland
• Poland bordered Russia
• Hitler did not want to anger Stalin, yet.
• Both signed Soviet-German Non-Aggression Pact-
  August 1939
• 2 leaders pledged not to attack each other
• Agreed to divide Poland
• Pact shocked the world
Nazi-Soviet Pact
War in Europe



Hitler sends      Great Britain &
 Troops to        France declare
   Poland             War on
                     Germany




  9-1-39              9-3-39
WW2
The Attack

•   Swift and Fierce
•   Planes bombed
•   Machine guns got their targets
•   Tanks blasted holes in Polish defenses
•   Thousands of German soldiers crossed into
    Poland
WW2
Blitzkrieg

• Lightning War
  – The German offensive way of fighting
  – Moving in quickly, forcefully, from all sides
Battle of Britain:
      The “Blitz”
Battle of Britain:
The “Blitz”
The London “Tube”:
Air Raid Shelters during the Blitz
The Royal Air Force
The Atlantic Charter
           Roosevelt and
           Churchill sign
           treaty of
           friendship in
           August 1941.
           Solidifies alliance.
           Fashioned after
           Wilson’s 14 Points.
           Calls for League of
           Nations type
Pearl Harbor
Pearl Harbor from the Cockpit
      of a Japanese Pilot
Pearl Harbor - Dec. 7, 1941




  A date which will live in infamy!
President Roosevelt Signs the US
       Declaration of War
USS Arizona, Pearl Harbor
Pearl Harbor Memorial




  2,887 Americans Dead!
Operation Barbarossa:
Hitler’s Biggest Mistake
Operation Barbarossa:
     June 22, 1941




  3,000,000 German soldiers.
  3,400 tanks.
The “Big Three”




Winston Churchill, Franklin Roosevelt, Joseph Stalin
Axis Powers in 1942
Gen. Eisenhower Gives the Orders
for D-Day [“Operation Overlord”]
D-Day (June 6, 1944)
Normandy Landing
                      (June 6, 1944)




German Prisoners

                       Higgins Landing Crafts
Horrors of the Holocaust Exposed
Horrors of the Holocaust Exposed


                     Entrance to
                      Auschwitz:
                    Work Makes You
                         Free

Crematoria
    at
 Majdanek
Horrors of the Holocaust Exposed
                       Eli Wiesel




     Slave Labor at Buchenwald
Horrors of the Holocaust Exposed




   Mass Graves at Bergen-Belsen
Hitler’s “Secret Weapons”:
     Too Little, Too Late!

                    V-1 Rocket:
                    “Buzz Bomb”




  V-2 Rocket        Werner von Braun
Hitler Commits Suicide
            April 30, 1945
                          Cyanide & Pistols




The Führer’s Bunker




                      Mr. & Mrs. Hitler
V-E Day (May 8, 1945)




 General Keitel
V-E Day (May 8, 1945)
Potsdam Conference:
            July, 1945
FDR dead, Churchill out of office as Prime
Minister during conference.
Stalin only original.
The United States
           has the A-bomb.
Allies agree Germany
         is to be divided into
                    occupation zones
Poland moved            P.M. Clement   President   Joseph
                            Atlee       Truman      Stalin
around to suit
the Soviets.
The Manhattan Project:
            Los Alamos,
                NM




                                 I am become
 Major General
Lesley R. Groves                    death,
                                 the shatterer
                    Dr. Robert
                   Oppenheimer    of worlds!
Tinian Island, 1945




Little Boy    Fat Man




                        Enola Gay Crew
Col. Paul Tibbets & the A-Bomb
Hiroshima – August 6, 1945

             © 70,000 killed
               immediately.
             © 48,000 buildings.
               destroyed.
             © 100,000s died of
               radiation poisoning &

               cancer later.
The Beginning of the
    Atomic Age
Nagasaki – August 9, 1945




© 40,000 killed
  immediately.
© 60,000 injured.
© 100,000s died of
  radiation poisoning
  & cancer later.
Japanese A-Bomb Survivors
Hiroshima Memorials
V-J Day (September 2, 1945)




                                    Mus.
fton.k12.wi.us/highschool/schill/ushistory/WWII%20terms/WWII%20terms_
WW II Casualties: Europe




                       Each symbol
                     indicates 100,000
                        dead in the
                    appropriate theater
                       of operations
WW II Casualties: Asia




                     Each symbol
                   indicates 100,000
                      dead in the
                  appropriate theater
                     of operations
Country          Men in war   Battle deaths     Wounded




                                                            WW II
Australia         1,000,000         26,976      180,864
Austria            800,000        280,000       350,117
Belgium            625,000           8,460       55,5131
Brazil2             40,334             943        4,222
Bulgaria
Canada
                   339,760
                 1,086,3437
                                     6,671
                                   42,0427
                                                 21,878
                                                 53,145    Casualties
China3           17,250,521     1,324,516      1,762,006
                                                            1. Civilians only.
Czechoslovakia           —          6,6834        8,017
                                                            2. Army and navy figures.
Denmark                  —           4,339            —
                                                            3. Figures cover period July 7,
Finland            500,000          79,047       50,000        1937 to Sept. 2, 1945,
France                   —        201,568       400,000        and concern only Chinese
Germany          20,000,000     3,250,0004     7,250,000       regular troops. They do not
Greece                   —          17,024       47,290        include casualties suffered
Hungary                  —        147,435        89,313
                                                               by guerrillas and local
                                                               military corps.
India             2,393,891         32,121       64,354
                                                            4. Deaths from all causes.
Italy             3,100,000       149,4964       66,716
                                                            5. Against Soviet Russia;
Japan             9,700,000     1,270,000       140,000        385,847
Netherlands        280,000           6,500        2,860        against Nazi Germany.
New Zealand        194,000         11,6254       17,000     6. Against Soviet Russia;
Norway              75,000           2,000            —        169,822
                                                               against Nazi Germany.
Poland                   —        664,000       530,000
                                                            7. National Defense Ctr.,
Romania            650,0005       350,0006            —
                                                               Canadian
South Africa       410,056           2,473            —
                                                               Forces Hq., Director of
U.S.S.R.                 —      6,115,0004    14,012,000       History.
United Kingdom    5,896,000       357,1164      369,267
United States    16,112,566       291,557       670,846
Yugoslavia        3,741,000       305,000       425,000
Massive Human Dislocations
The U.S. & the U.S.S.R.
Emerged as the Two Super powers
        of the later 20c
The Creation of the U. N.
The Nuremberg War Trials:
  Crimes Against Humanity
The Emergence of Third World
    Nationalist Movements
The De-Colonization of
   European Empires
WW2

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WW2

  • 2. Quick Facts: A. War Costs 1. US Debt 1940 - $9 billion US Debt 1945 - $98 billion • The war cost $330 billion -- 10 times the cost of WWI & as much as all previous federal spending since 1776
  • 4. Quick Facts: B. Human Costs 1. 50 million people died (compared to 15 million in WWI) • 21.3 million Russians (7.7 million civilians) • 11 million died as a result of the HOLOCAUST (6 million Jews + 5 million others)
  • 5. When? •1939-1945 •US involvement 1941-1945 1939 1941 1945 Sept.1 - Sept. 3 Dec. 7 – May - Sept. - Germany -Britain & Japan bombs Germans Atomic invades France Pearl Harbor; Surrender Bombing Poland declare US enters the of (official war on War Hiroshima start to the Germany & war) Nagasaki, Japanese Surrender
  • 6. Who? Allies Axis (major powers) (major powers) Great Britain Germany Russia Italy United States Japan France (note: France surrendered to Germany in 1940 (after 6 weeks of fighting)
  • 7. • “He who wants to live must fight, and he who does not want to fight in this world, where eternal struggle is the law of life, has no right to exist.” » Mein Kampf (My Struggle) » Adolf Hitler
  • 8. The Rise of Dictators • Ruthless people rose to power in the 1920’s and 1930’s • Some Europeans resented terms of Treaty of Versailles – Germans had to take full responsibility of WWI – Pay billions of dollars in reparation to allies – Disarm completely – Give up all overseas colonies and some territory in Europe – Carved up Austro-Hungarian and Russian Empires to create several European countries (borders were later disputed) – League of Nations was part of the Treaty
  • 9. The Players • Germany – • Italy – • Japan- • Soviet Union – • United States –
  • 10. Germany – Adolf Hitler -Nazism
  • 13. Italy – Benito Mussolini -Fascism
  • 14. Japan- Emperor Hirohito- Constitutional Monarchy
  • 15. Soviet Union – Joseph Stalin –Communism
  • 16. United States – Franklin D. Roosevelt -Democracy
  • 17. • Hitler's Rise to Power
  • 18. • Established totalitarian rule – A single party and its leader suppress all opposition and control all aspects of people’s lives • Believed Germans had a right to expand its territory, needed lebensraum -living space • Rebuilt Germany’s military- going against the treaty • Made an alliance with Italy to support his expansion plans
  • 20. Italy • Benito Mussolini – Appealed to those who felt they had not won enough from the Treaty of Versailles – Made fascism popular in Italy • Control over a country’s economic and political system – His fascist party became so strong he forced the king of Italy to declare him ruler of the government
  • 21. – He banned all political parties but fascism – Ended all democratic rule, no civil liberties or free press – Children were enrolled in military organizations, taught loyalty to regime – Began attacking and annexing neighboring lands, Ethiopia, Albania…withdrew from the League of Nations
  • 23. Japan • Japanese grew frustrated during the depression • Military leaders rose to power in the 1930’s • These leaders thought they could solve Japan’s problems by expanding their power into Asia • 1931 attacked Manchuria, China • League condemned the act, but took no action • Slowly took over most of China • 1940 signed a pact of alliance with Germany and Italy to form the “Axis”
  • 26. Soviet Union • Late 1920’s Joseph Stalin rose to power • Communist leader • Demanded complete obedience from his people • Got his through force • Executed rivals and those thousands suspected of supporting his rivals • Sent millions to Russian labor camps • Reorganized nations economy, forcing millions to work on government owned farms
  • 29. The United States of America • Most Americans wanted to avoid involvement in foreign affairs • Congress passed Neutrality Acts between 1935 and 1937 – Banned the sale of weapons to nations at war – Restricted trade to nations on a cash only basis (WWI debt from European countries remained unpaid)
  • 31. Hitler Begins • Rhineland – March 1936 Begins march – German territory west of the Rhine River – Considered a neutral zone by the treaty – German soldiers prohibited in area – France and Britain protested, but did nothing else
  • 33. • Sudetenland (area of Czechoslovakia) – Many German speaking people lived here – Falsely claimed these people were being persecuted – Czechs did not want to be annexed; Britain & France sought peaceful solution – Leaders of Germany, Italy, France, Great Britain met in Munich
  • 35. The Munich Pact – Czechs did not want to be annexed; Britain & France sought peaceful solution – Leaders of Germany, Italy, France, Great Britain met in Munich – France and Britain wanted to avoid war – Let Germany have the Sudetenland; appeasement
  • 36. The Munich Pact – In return, Germany could not expand farther. – Neville Chamberlain, Prime Minister, cheered – March, 1939, Germany invaded Czechoslovakia – World is realizing Hitler cannot be trusted
  • 38. Nazi-Soviet Pact • Germany making plans to invade Poland • Poland bordered Russia • Hitler did not want to anger Stalin, yet. • Both signed Soviet-German Non-Aggression Pact- August 1939 • 2 leaders pledged not to attack each other • Agreed to divide Poland • Pact shocked the world
  • 40. War in Europe Hitler sends Great Britain & Troops to France declare Poland War on Germany 9-1-39 9-3-39
  • 42. The Attack • Swift and Fierce • Planes bombed • Machine guns got their targets • Tanks blasted holes in Polish defenses • Thousands of German soldiers crossed into Poland
  • 44. Blitzkrieg • Lightning War – The German offensive way of fighting – Moving in quickly, forcefully, from all sides
  • 45. Battle of Britain: The “Blitz”
  • 47. The London “Tube”: Air Raid Shelters during the Blitz
  • 49. The Atlantic Charter Roosevelt and Churchill sign treaty of friendship in August 1941. Solidifies alliance. Fashioned after Wilson’s 14 Points. Calls for League of Nations type
  • 51. Pearl Harbor from the Cockpit of a Japanese Pilot
  • 52. Pearl Harbor - Dec. 7, 1941 A date which will live in infamy!
  • 53. President Roosevelt Signs the US Declaration of War
  • 55. Pearl Harbor Memorial 2,887 Americans Dead!
  • 57. Operation Barbarossa: June 22, 1941 3,000,000 German soldiers. 3,400 tanks.
  • 58. The “Big Three” Winston Churchill, Franklin Roosevelt, Joseph Stalin
  • 60. Gen. Eisenhower Gives the Orders for D-Day [“Operation Overlord”]
  • 62. Normandy Landing (June 6, 1944) German Prisoners Higgins Landing Crafts
  • 63. Horrors of the Holocaust Exposed
  • 64. Horrors of the Holocaust Exposed Entrance to Auschwitz: Work Makes You Free Crematoria at Majdanek
  • 65. Horrors of the Holocaust Exposed Eli Wiesel Slave Labor at Buchenwald
  • 66. Horrors of the Holocaust Exposed Mass Graves at Bergen-Belsen
  • 67. Hitler’s “Secret Weapons”: Too Little, Too Late! V-1 Rocket: “Buzz Bomb” V-2 Rocket Werner von Braun
  • 68. Hitler Commits Suicide April 30, 1945 Cyanide & Pistols The Führer’s Bunker Mr. & Mrs. Hitler
  • 69. V-E Day (May 8, 1945) General Keitel
  • 70. V-E Day (May 8, 1945)
  • 71. Potsdam Conference: July, 1945 FDR dead, Churchill out of office as Prime Minister during conference. Stalin only original. The United States has the A-bomb. Allies agree Germany is to be divided into occupation zones Poland moved P.M. Clement President Joseph Atlee Truman Stalin around to suit the Soviets.
  • 72. The Manhattan Project: Los Alamos, NM I am become Major General Lesley R. Groves death, the shatterer Dr. Robert Oppenheimer of worlds!
  • 73. Tinian Island, 1945 Little Boy Fat Man Enola Gay Crew
  • 74. Col. Paul Tibbets & the A-Bomb
  • 75. Hiroshima – August 6, 1945 © 70,000 killed immediately. © 48,000 buildings. destroyed. © 100,000s died of radiation poisoning & cancer later.
  • 76. The Beginning of the Atomic Age
  • 77. Nagasaki – August 9, 1945 © 40,000 killed immediately. © 60,000 injured. © 100,000s died of radiation poisoning & cancer later.
  • 80. V-J Day (September 2, 1945) Mus. fton.k12.wi.us/highschool/schill/ushistory/WWII%20terms/WWII%20terms_
  • 81. WW II Casualties: Europe Each symbol indicates 100,000 dead in the appropriate theater of operations
  • 82. WW II Casualties: Asia Each symbol indicates 100,000 dead in the appropriate theater of operations
  • 83. Country Men in war Battle deaths Wounded WW II Australia 1,000,000 26,976 180,864 Austria 800,000 280,000 350,117 Belgium 625,000 8,460 55,5131 Brazil2 40,334 943 4,222 Bulgaria Canada 339,760 1,086,3437 6,671 42,0427 21,878 53,145 Casualties China3 17,250,521 1,324,516 1,762,006 1. Civilians only. Czechoslovakia — 6,6834 8,017 2. Army and navy figures. Denmark — 4,339 — 3. Figures cover period July 7, Finland 500,000 79,047 50,000 1937 to Sept. 2, 1945, France — 201,568 400,000 and concern only Chinese Germany 20,000,000 3,250,0004 7,250,000 regular troops. They do not Greece — 17,024 47,290 include casualties suffered Hungary — 147,435 89,313 by guerrillas and local military corps. India 2,393,891 32,121 64,354 4. Deaths from all causes. Italy 3,100,000 149,4964 66,716 5. Against Soviet Russia; Japan 9,700,000 1,270,000 140,000 385,847 Netherlands 280,000 6,500 2,860 against Nazi Germany. New Zealand 194,000 11,6254 17,000 6. Against Soviet Russia; Norway 75,000 2,000 — 169,822 against Nazi Germany. Poland — 664,000 530,000 7. National Defense Ctr., Romania 650,0005 350,0006 — Canadian South Africa 410,056 2,473 — Forces Hq., Director of U.S.S.R. — 6,115,0004 14,012,000 History. United Kingdom 5,896,000 357,1164 369,267 United States 16,112,566 291,557 670,846 Yugoslavia 3,741,000 305,000 425,000
  • 85. The U.S. & the U.S.S.R. Emerged as the Two Super powers of the later 20c
  • 86. The Creation of the U. N.
  • 87. The Nuremberg War Trials: Crimes Against Humanity
  • 88. The Emergence of Third World Nationalist Movements
  • 89. The De-Colonization of European Empires