1. By: Christina K, Amanda W, Victoria S,
Erica S, and Katherine H

2.  Overview of Russia
 History of Russian Childcare
 Present Day Childcare
 Funding
 Philosophy
 Rainbow program
 Availability/Accessibility
 Canada vs. Russia

3.  Population: 138,739,892
 Total area: 17,098,242 sq km
 The rise of the Russian empire originated from Moscow
 During the Soviet period of Russia, ideology changed from
Nationalist to Socialist.
 when the ideals and ideas of Russia were being re-
evaluated "Education was recognized as a most important
way of liberating and developing the individual."

4.  The first private Kindergarten was open September 27th
1863 in St. Petersburg.
 St. Petersburg Frobel society was founded in 1871 to
promote primary education for pre-school age children.
 The Russian State university implemented courses in their
school systems to train teachers.
 Laid foundations of Russian psychology

5.  Children’s centres began in the beginning of the 20th
Century
 Helped war victims
 Combined functions of nurseries and kindergartens
 Helped parents raise difficult children
 Kindergarten’s for national minorities were established in
1909-1911
- Funded by education societies and private donations
- Focused on cultural values and traditions
 In 1909-1911 child colonies were also formed for ages 4-15
- Funded by local administrations and donations
- About promoting child health

6.  Kindergartens based on Maria Montessori emerged in 1913
 Before the Soviet Union, there were three types of
kindergarten
 Fee-paying private kindergarten
 Free public kindergarten
 Kindergartens with partial payment

7.  There are five types of kindergartens in Russia
 Child development centres
• Kindergartens operate 6 days a week
• Known as “zero classes” or “sixes”
 Kindergartens focused on one or more developmental
domains
 Kindergartens prioritizing the correction of
abnormalities
 Kindergartens focusing on health improvements
(sanitation, hygiene)
 Combined kindergartens

8.  Most kindergartens are state funded and operated
 Exteriors are often run-down
 Some are financially supported by utility or manufacturing
companies
 These tend to have better materials, books and equipment

9.  Considerable attention to health and physical education
 Activities are very structured and highly regimented
 Routine and order are stressed, as well as discipline
 Natural curiosity of children is suppressed
 Those unable to conform are sent to kindergartens for
children with special needs

10.  Government-initiated program introducing a new
philosophy
 Provide a comfortable and safe environment
 Aid in the psychological development
 Incorporate creative experiences (art, music)

11.  Factors influencing accessibility of pre-school
education
 Territorial- (Place of Residence)
 Socio-economic inequality of urban families
 Health of the child

12. Universal Child care benefit No benefit when low income
Ratios- 1:8 for kindergartens Ratios 1:30+ for kindergartens
Greatly looked upon career Not as greatly looked upon
career
Diploma, degree, masters,
bachelor
Masters or bachelor
Start preschool as early as 3 Starts preschool around 7
Licensed for home daycare/ day
nursery
Licensed for home daycare/ day
nursery
Similar to the rainbow program Rainbow Program

13.  1. What are 3 of the 5 types of kindergarten in
present day Russian child care?
 2. When was the first private kindergarten
opened?
 3. What is the name of the government initiated
program in Russia?
 4. How many days a week does kindergarten
operate in Russia?
 5. Name one factor that influences accessibility.