1. Classification Taxon TIger Lion Gray Wolf Domestic Cat Mountain Lion Kingdom Animalia Animalia Animalia Animalia Animalia Phylum Chordata Chordata Chordata Chordata Chordata Class Mammalia Mammalia Mammalia Mammalia Mammalia Order Carnivora Carnivora Carnivora Carnivora Carnivora Family Felidae X Canidae Felidae Felidae Genus Panthera Panthera Canis Felis Puma Species Panthera tigris Panthera leo Canis lupus Felis catus Puma Concolor

3. Chapter 26 Biotechnology and Genomics

6. Figure 12.2

9. Figure 12.14 So a lot of DNA can be made from a tiny bit of DNA sample , such as a tiny blood sample taken from a crime scene

12. How does gel electrophoresis work? DNA has negative charges, so it will migrate towards the positive charge Long fragments (move slower) Shorter fragments (Move Faster) - +

14. Figure 12.12

15. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Mother Child Male 1 Male 2 few many DNA Band patterns

22. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. a. milk human gene for growth hormone human growth hormone microinjection of human gene donor of egg development within a host goat Transgenic goat produces human growth hormone.

26. What is a microarray?

28. defectivegene 1. Remove bone marrow stem cells. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. EX VIVO GENE THERAPY

29. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. retrovirus viral recombinant RNA normal gene defectivegene 2. Use retroviruses to bring the normal gene into the bone marrow stem cells. 1. Remove bone marrow stem cells. EX VIVO GENE THERAPY

30. Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. retrovirus viral recombinant RNA normal gene viral recombinant RNA normal gene defectivegene viral recombinant DNA reverse transcription 2. Use retroviruses to bring the normal gene into the bone marrow stem cells. 3. Viral recombinant DNA carries normal gene into genome. 4. Return genetically engineered cells to patient. 1. Remove bone marrow stem cells. EX VIVO GENE THERAPY

36. Comparative genomics Genome size does not correlate with evolutionary status, nor is the number of genes proportionate with genome size. Organism Homo sapiens (human) Mus musculus (mouse) Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly) Arabidopsis thalania (flowering plant) C. Elegans (round worm) S. Cerevisia (yeast) Number of bases 3,000 millions 2,500 millions 180 millions 125 millions 97 millions 12 millions Number of genes 20,500 30,000 13,600 25,500 19,100 6,300 Number of chromosomes 46 40 8 10 12 32