4. Reconstruction Questions 1. How do we bring the South back into the Union? 2. How do we rebuild the South after its destruction during the war? 3. How do we integrate and protect newly- emancipated black freedmen? 4. What branch of government should control the process of Reconstruction? “ Reconstruction ” refers to the era from 1865 to 1877 when the U.S. gov’t addressed bringing the South back into the Union after the Civil War & the treatment over former slaves in America
12. “ Malice towards none and charity for all” —Abraham Lincoln “ Every head of family in the United States should have one slave to take the drudgery and menial service off his family” —Andrew Johnson
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15. Freedmen’s Bureau School Many former abolitionists moved South to help freedmen, called “carpetbaggers” by Southern Democrats
16. “ Plenty to eat & nothing to do” Freedmen’s Bureau Seen Through Southern Eyes
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19. Johnson’s “Swing Around the Circle” In the 1866 mid-term elections, Johnson toured the South trying to convince voters to elect Congressmen who would reject the 14 th Amendment The plan back-fired & Republicans won a 3-1 majority in both houses of Congress & gained control of every northern state
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21. Created 5 military districts to enforce acts Created 5 military districts to enforce Reconstruction But, Radical Reconstruction was so dependent on massive & sustained federal aid that it was not adequate to enforce equality in the South… … and Johnson obstructed Republicans’ plans by removing sympathetic cabinet members & generals
27. Sharecropping Problem : families accumulated debt to the landowner before their crop was sold; This cyclical process led to mortgages on future crops ( crop lien system ) By the end of 1865, most freedmen had returned to work on the same plantations on which they were previously enslaved
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30. Black & White Political Participation Black House & Senate Delegates “ Colored Rule in a Reconstructed South” Black Republicans were accused of corruption & lack of civility
34. How effective was the U.S. in addressing these Reconstruction questions? 1. How to bring the South back into the Union? 2. How to rebuild the South after its destruction during the war? 3. How to integrate & protect newly- emancipated black freedmen? 4. What branch of government should control the process of Reconstruction?
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Hinweis der Redaktion
Lesson Plan for Wednesday, November 12, 2008: RQ16B, Andrew Johnson video, Reconstruction notes
By 1864, Arkansas & Louisiana had established Unionist governments but were refused to be seated by Congress
Lesson Plan for Thursday, November 13, 2008: Warm-Up Question, Finish Reconstruction notes
Created,, &
The success of Reconstruction
11 week trial. Johnson was acquitted 35 to 19 (one short of required 2/3s vote)