2. Early History Named after the Roman name PortusCale Located on the Southwestern tip of Europe Celts invaded Portugal and married the natives This formed various ethnic groups The first Celtic language, Tartessian, originated in the south of Portugal Rome invaded in 219 BC In the 5th century, Germanic tribes invaded Islamic Moors invaded in 711 Portugal gained independence as a country in 1065
3. Portuguese Empire In 1095, Portugal separated from the Kingdom of Galacia Portugal became a nation on June 24, 1128 Battle of Sao Mamede The Portuguese Empire began on July 25, 1415 King John I, his wife, and his sons departed to Ceuta, an Islamic trade center in North Africa Portugal conquered Ceuta Muslim civil war was occurring Muhammad IX tried to recapture Ceuta, but was unable to Portugal has had very stable boundaries throughout history King John I
4. Portuguese Exploration Gil Eanes began exploration of Africa in 1434 He sailed around the Cape Bojador, south of Morocco Europeans knew very little about Africa south of Morocco Henry the Navigator One of King John I’s sons Lead patron of maritime exploration The Portuguese built a castle on the island of Arguim in 1448 The castle was used as a trading post with inland Africa Portuguese reached the Gold Coast Goal Coast is located in present day Ghana In 1471, they built a fortress on the Gold Coast Henry the Navigator
5. Portuguese Trade and Colonization Portugal rejected Columbus’s idea of reaching India from the west Treaty of Tordesillas Signed with Spain in 1494 Divided the undiscovered world between Spain and Portugal Portuguese nobleman Bartolomeu Dias turned the Cape of Good Hope in 1487 Opened up the European world trade with the east Vasco de Gama sailed to India Pedro Alvares Cabral led a fleet of ships west to open sea trade with the east Discovered Brazil and claimed the land for Portugal Portugal became the first country to begin globalization
